Hemangioma of the small intestine in a child

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
P. N. Grebnev ◽  
Ya. M. Mustafin ◽  
D. V. Osipov
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Intestinal Bleeding ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Small Intestinal

Small intestinal hemangiomas in surgical patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract occur in only 0.009% of cases. Intestinal bleeding is often the first and only sign of a disease that is asymptomatic for a long time. This pathology is also extremely difficult to diagnose.

scholarly journals Stunted childhood growth is associated with decompartmentalization of the gastrointestinal tract and overgrowth of oropharyngeal taxa

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (36) ◽  
pp. E8489-E8498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Vonaesch ◽  
Evan Morien ◽  
Lova Andrianonimiadana ◽  
Hugues Sanke ◽  
Jean-Robert Mbecko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Current View ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Small Intestinal

Linear growth delay (stunting) affects roughly 155 million children under the age of 5 years worldwide. Treatment has been limited by a lack of understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Stunting is most likely associated with changes in the microbial community of the small intestine, a compartment vital for digestion and nutrient absorption. Efforts to better understand the pathophysiology have been hampered by difficulty of access to small intestinal fluids. Here, we describe the microbial community found in the upper gastrointestinal tract of stunted children aged 2–5 y living in sub-Saharan Africa. We studied 46 duodenal and 57 gastric samples from stunted children, as well as 404 fecal samples from stunted and nonstunted children living in Bangui, Central African Republic, and in Antananarivo, Madagascar, using 16S Illumina Amplicon sequencing and semiquantitative culture methods. The vast majority of the stunted children showed small intestinal bacterial overgrowth dominated by bacteria that normally reside in the oropharyngeal cavity. There was an overrepresentation of oral bacteria in fecal samples of stunted children, opening the way for developing noninvasive diagnostic markers. In addition, Escherichia coli/Shigella sp. and Campylobacter sp. were found to be more prevalent in stunted children, while Clostridia, well-known butyrate producers, were reduced. Our data suggest that stunting is associated with a microbiome “decompartmentalization” of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by an increased presence of oropharyngeal bacteria from the stomach to the colon, hence challenging the current view of stunting arising solely as a consequence of small intestine overstimulation through recurrent infections by enteric pathogens.

In vitro Gastrointestinal Models for Prebiotic Carbohydrates: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (32) ◽  
pp. 3478-3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Brush Border ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Existing Data

Background: In the last decade, various consortia and companies have created standardized digestion protocols and gastrointestinal simulators, such as the protocol proposed by the INFOGEST Consortium, the simulator SHIME, the simulator simgi®, the TIM, etc. Most of them claim to simulate the entire human gastrointestinal tract. However, few results have been reported on the use of these systems with potential prebiotic carbohydrates. Methods: This critical review addresses the existing data on the analysis of prebiotic carbohydrates by different in vitro gastrointestinal simulators, the lack of parameters that could affect the results, and recommendations for their enhancement. Results: According to the reviewed data, there is a lack of a realistic approximation of the small intestinal conditions, mainly because of the absence of hydrolytic conditions, such as the presence of small intestinal brush border carbohydrases that can affect the digestibility of different carbohydrates, including prebiotics. Conclusion: There is a necessity to standardize and enhance the small intestine simulators to study the in vitro digestibility of carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a Young Adult

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Yamamoto ◽  
Kentaroh Yamamoto ◽  
Hirotaka Taketomi ◽  
Fumio Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroshi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽  
Stromal Tumor ◽  
Intestinal Tumors ◽  
Small Bowel Tumors ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

The source of most cases of gastrointestinal bleeding is the upper gastrointestinal tract. Since bleeding from the small intestine is very rare and difficult to diagnose, time is required to identify the source. Among small intestine bleeds, vascular abnormalities account for 70–80%, followed by small intestine tumors that account for 5–10%. The reported peak age of the onset of small intestinal tumors is about 50 years. Furthermore, rare small bowel tumors account for only 1–2% of all gastrointestinal tumors. We describe a 29-year-old man who presented with obscure anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding and underwent laparotomy. Surgical findings revealed a well-circumscribed lesion measuring 45 × 40 mm in the jejunum that initially appeared similar to diverticulosis with an abscess. However, the postoperative pathological diagnosis was a gastrointestinal stromal tumor with extramural growth.

scholarly journals Chlamydia Deficient in Plasmid-Encoded pGP3 Is Prevented from Spreading to Large Intestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Huo ◽  
Conghui He ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Tianjun Jia ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Oral Inoculation ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Gastric Barrier ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Do So ◽  
Live Organism

ABSTRACT The cryptic plasmid pCM is critical for chlamydial colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, orally inoculated plasmid-free Chlamydia sp. was still able to colonize the gut. Surprisingly, orally inoculated Chlamydia sp. deficient in only plasmid-encoded pGP3 was no longer able to colonize the gut. A comparison of live organism recoveries from individual gastrointestinal tissues revealed that pGP3-deficient Chlamydia sp. survived significantly better than plasmid-free Chlamydia sp. in small intestinal tissues. However, the small intestinal pGP3-deficient Chlamydia sp. failed to reach the large intestine, explaining the lack of live pGP3-deficient Chlamydia sp. in rectal swabs following an oral inoculation. Interestingly, pGP3-deficient Chlamydia sp. was able to colonize the colon following an intracolon inoculation, suggesting that pGP3-deficient Chlamydia sp. might be prevented from spreading from the small intestine to the large intestine. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that following an intrajejunal inoculation that bypasses the gastric barrier, pGP3-deficient Chlamydia sp. still failed to reach the large intestine, although similarly inoculated plasmid-free Chlamydia sp. was able to do so. Interestingly, when both types of organisms were intrajejunally coinoculated into the same mouse small intestine, plasmid-free Chlamydia sp. was no longer able to spread to the large intestine, suggesting that pGP3-deficient Chlamydia sp. might be able to activate an intestinal resistance for regulating Chlamydia sp. spreading. Thus, the current study has not only provided evidence for reconciling a previously identified conflicting phenotype but also revealed a potential intestinal resistance to chlamydial spreading. Efforts are under way to further define the mechanism of the putative intestinal resistance.

scholarly journals Expression of proposed methionine transporters along the gastrointestinal tract of pigs and their regulation by dietary methionine sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Romanet ◽  
Jörg R. Aschenbach ◽  
Robert Pieper ◽  
Jürgen Zentek ◽  
John K. Htoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Background Given the key role of methionine (Met) in biological processes like protein translation, methylation, and antioxidant defense, inadequate Met supply can limit performance. This study investigated the effect of different dietary Met sources on the expression profile of various Met transporters along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs. Methods A total of 27 pigs received a diet supplemented with 0.21% DL-Met, 0.21% L-Met, or 0.31% DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA). Changes in mRNA expression of B0AT1, ATB0,+, rBAT, ASCT2, IMINO, LAT4, y+LAT1, LAT2, and SNAT2 were evaluated in the oral mucosa, cardia, fundus, pylorus, duodenum, proximal jejunum, middle jejunum, ileum, cecum, proximal colon, and distal colon, complemented by protein expression analysis of B0AT1, ASCT2, LAT2, and LAT4. Results Expression of all investigated transcripts differed significantly along the GIT. B0AT1, rBAT, y+LAT1, LAT2, and LAT4 showed strongest mRNA expression in small intestinal segments. ASCT2, IMINO, and SNAT2 were similarly expressed along the small and large intestines but expression differed in the oral mucosa and stomach. ATB0,+ showed highest mRNA expression in large intestinal tissues, cardia, and pylorus. In pigs fed DL-Met, mRNA expression of ASCT2 was higher than in pigs fed DL-HMTBA in small intestinal tissues and mRNA expression of IMINO was lower than in pigs fed L-Met in large intestinal tissues. Dietary DL-HMTBA induced a stronger mRNA expression of basolateral uptake systems either in the small (LAT2) or large (y+LAT1) intestine. Protein expression of B0AT1 was higher in the middle jejunum and ileum in pigs fed DL-Met when compared with the other Met supplements. LAT4 expression was higher in pigs fed DL-HMTBA when compared with DL-Met (small intestine) and L-Met (small intestine, oral mucosa, and stomach). Conclusion A high expression of several Met transporters in small intestinal segments underlines the primary role of these segments in amino acid absorption; however, some Met transporters show high transcript and protein levels also in large intestine, oral mucosa, and stomach. A diet containing DL-Met has potential to increase apical Met transport in the small intestine, whereas a diet containing DL-HMTBA has potential to increase basolateral Met transport in the small intestine and, partly, other gastrointestinal tissues.

Congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract

2010 ◽  
pp. 2395-2404
Author(s):  
V.M. Wright ◽  
J.A. Walker-Smith ◽  
I.R. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Imperforate Anus ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Oesophageal Atresia ◽  
Abdominal Wall Defects ◽  
Intestinal Lymphangiectasia ◽  
Colonic Atresia ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Hirschprung's Disease

Congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract usually manifest shortly after birth, but on occasion symptoms may be delayed for months or even years. Any part of the gut can be affected, with problems including oesophageal atresia and tracheo-oesophageal fistula, anterior abdominal wall defects, congenital pyloric stenosis, atresia and stenosis of the small intestine, duplication of the gastrointestinal tract, small-intestinal malrotation with or without volvulus, small-intestinal lymphangiectasia, Meckel’s diverticulum, meconium ileus, congenital short intestine, colonic atresia, Hirschprung’s disease, and imperforate anus....

scholarly journals Effects of dietary leucine and phenylalanine on gastrointestinal development and small intestinal enzyme activities in milk-fed holstein dairy calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangchun Cao ◽  
Shimin Liu ◽  
Xinjian Yang ◽  
Long Guo ◽  
Chuanjiang Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trypsin Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Group ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract This study was investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of leucine and phenylalanine on the development of the gastrointestinal tract and the intestinal digestive enzyme activity in male Holstein dairy calves. Twenty calves with a body weight of 38 ± 3 kg at 1 day of age were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a leucine group (1.435 g·l−1), a phenylalanine group (0.725 g·l−1), and a mixed amino acid group (1.435 g·l−1 leucine plus 0.725 g·l−1 phenylalanine). The supplementation of leucine decreased the short-circuit current (Isc) of the rumen and duodenum (P<0.01); phenylalanine did not show any influence on the Isc of rumen and duodenum (P>0.05), and also counteracted the Isc reduction caused by leucine. Leucine increased the trypsin activity at the 20% relative site of the small intestine (P<0.05). There was no difference in the activity of α-amylase and of lactase in the small intestinal chyme among four treatments (P>0.05). The trypsin activity in the anterior segment of the small intestine was higher than other segments, whereas the α-amylase activity in the posterior segment of the small intestine was higher than other segments. Leucine can reduce Isc of the rumen and duodenum, improve the development of the gastrointestinal tract, and enhance trypsin activity; phenylalanine could inhibit the effect of leucine in promoting intestinal development.

scholarly journals Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals alginate oligosaccharides preventing chemotherapy-induced mucositis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Yanni Feng ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Qingshi Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Alginate Oligosaccharides ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Small Intestinal

AbstractWorldwide the incidence of cancer has been continuing increasing. Mucositis of the gastrointestinal tract is a common side effect in patients under chemotherapy. Anticancer drug busulfan, used for treating chronic myeloid leukemia especially in pediatric patients, causes mucositis of the gastrointestinal tract. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are natural products with attractive pharmaceutical potentials. We aimed to investigate, at the single-cell level, AOS preventing small intestine mucositis induced by busulfan. We found that busulfan disturbed the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of cells in the small intestine, damaged cell membranes especially cell junctions, and disrupted microvilli; all of which were rescued by AOS. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and functional enrichment analysis showed that AOS could recover small intestinal function. Deep analysis found that AOS improved the expression of transcriptional factors which explained AOS regulating gene expression to improve small intestine function. Further investigation in IPEC-J2 cells found that AOS acts its function through mannose receptor signaling pathway. Moreover, the improved blood metabolome confirmed small intestinal function was recovered by AOS. As a natural product with many advantages, AOS could be developed to assist in the recovery of intestinal functions in patients undergoing anticancer chemotherapy or other treatments.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Evaluation of the Small Intestine

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J Shields ◽  
Jacques van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Bleeding ◽  
Endoscopic Evaluation ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Intestinal Pathology ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Small Bowel Endoscopy

Technological achievements in the area of endoscope design and development have resulted in instruments capable of advancing beyond the reach of simple gastroscopes. Such instruments, known as enteroscopes, form the bases of small bowel endoscopy. Recent widespread use of enteroscopes have contributed significantly to the understanding of small intestinal pathology and improved the ability to diagnose and treat patients with intestinal bleeding sources.

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