ENDURANCE OF RATS WITH DISBIOZ IN EMOTIONAL-PHYSICAL STRESS

Stress loads in sport lead to the development of functional disorders of various body systems, including the digestive system. The use of pharmacological preparations for correction of dysbiotic states is very often. The aim of this work was to study the physical endurance of rats with dysbiosis with decreased and increased intestinal circadian rhythm (ICR) under conditions of emotional-physical stress. Dysbiosis with a decreased ICR was caused by the administration of loperamide (LPR) 2 mg/2 ml of physiological saline daily subcutaneously for 6 days. Dysbiosis with increased ICR was caused by the addition of lactitol (LT) 10 g to 200 ml of drinking water daily for 6 days. To model emotional-physical stress, a forced swimming test until exhaustion (drowning) with a load of 7% of the animal’s body weight and a water temperature of 14 °C was used. In the control group, the life span of rats was 136 ± 8 s. LPR increased the physical endurance of rats by 1.94 times compared with control. LT also had a positive effect, increasing the duration of forced swimming in 1.44 times compared with the control. The combined use of LPR and LT did not lead to a change in animal’s endurance. Thus, both types of dysbiosis can be considered as a variant of endogenous stress, which plays the role of adaptogenic factor that increases resistance to a stronger emotional-physical stress, leading to the increase in physical endurance of animals.

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Analysis of the effects of caffeine and dioxidine on biochemical indicators of blood in mouse

RUDN Journal of Medicine ◽

10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-1-73-79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 73-79

Author(s):

N. A. Durnova ◽

A. S. Sheremetyeva ◽

A. Yu. Karetnikova

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Forced Swimming Test ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Control Group ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Adaptive Capabilities ◽

Combined Use ◽

Swimming Test ◽

Excessive Stress

Relevance . In connection with the widespread use of caffeine, an important issue is the study of its interaction with substances that can exhibit toxic effects. Objective. The aim of the study is to assess the degree of influence of caffeine and dioxidine on the biochemical parameters of blood in mice in the forced swimming test. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on 6 groups of male mice: control and five experimental. During 15 days of the experiment, the animals of the control group were injected with physiological saline, and the experimental animals were injected with caffeine at a dose of 40 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg (1 and 2), dioxidine in an amount of 200 mg/kg (3), and caffeine was combined and dioxidine (4 and 5). Biochemical parameters were used to determine the content of glucose, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, the activity of aspartic and alanine aminotransferases. Results . The introduction of caffeine at a dose of 40 mg/kg led to a decrease in glucose levels below normal and an increase in cholesterol and urea concentrations. The use of caffeine at a dose of 100 mg/ kg caused a decrease in glucose levels below normal and an increase in urea concentration. With the introduction of dioxidine at a dose of 200 mg/kg, an increase in the level of glucose, cholesterol, urea, as well as the activity of AST and ALT was taken. The combined use of caffeine and dioxidine by the 15th day led to 100 % mortality in experimental animals. Conclusions . The results of the experiment indicate that the introduction of caffeine at a dose of 40 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg leads to an increase in most of the measured parameters relative to the control values, but they do not go beyond normal values, however, a decrease in glucose levels is noted. These changes in indicators are due to the predominance of catabolic processes over anabolic ones. In animals treated with dioxidine, a significant increase in the concentration of metabolites and the activity of blood enzymes was found, especially an increase in AST and ALT was noted, which indicates a predominant lesion of cardiomyocytes. The mortality rate of the experimental groups receiving caffeine and dioxidine together by the last day of the experiment is due to the action of an excessive stress factor leading to the depletion of the adaptive capabilities of the organism and the death of experimental animals.

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Adenylyl Cyclase (AC) Mediates the Antidepressant-Like Effects of Tropisetron on a Mouse Model of Maternal Separation Stress

Depression Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2021/5586119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Ali Hosseinzadeh ◽

Shakiba Nasiri Boroujeni ◽

Elham Saghaei ◽

Zahra Loriooini ◽

Saeid Habibian Dehkordi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Adenylyl Cyclase ◽

Maternal Separation ◽

Forced Swimming Test ◽

Forced Swimming ◽

Control Group ◽

Immobility Time ◽

Swimming Test ◽

Medicinal Properties

The adenylyl cyclase (AC) pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Finding new antidepressants with high medicinal properties and low side effects is warranted. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the antidepressant-like effect of tropisetron on a maternal separation (MS) model in mice, considering the possible role of AC. NMRI male mice were divided into eleven groups. The control group was treated with saline and MS groups were treated with saline, tropisetron (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) at doses of 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg; forskolin (an activator of AC) at doses of 5, 10, and 25 mg/kg; a subeffective dose of forskolin with a subeffective dose of tropisetron; and an effective dose of tropisetron plus an effective dose of NB001 (3 mg/kg) (an AC inhibitor). After treatment, animals were subjected to behavioral tests including the forced swimming test (FST), splash test, and open field test (OFT). We showed that MS caused depressive-like behaviors determined as an increase in the immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) and decreased grooming time in the splash test. Our results showed that administration of tropisetron, as well as forskolin, mitigated the depressive-like behaviors in MS mice. We found that coadministration of a subeffective dose of tropisetron plus a subeffective dose of forskolin potentiated the antidepressant-like effect of tropisetron. However, coadministration of an effective dose of NB001 with an effective dose of tropisetron did not significantly affect the antidepressant-like effect of tropisetron. We concluded that the antidepressant-like effects of tropisetron on MS mice are partially mediated through the adenylyl cyclase pathway.

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Anti-Fatigue Effects of Polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino by Forced Swimming Test

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.426 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 881-883 ◽

pp. 426-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bo Qi ◽

Hui Huang

Keyword(s):

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Forced Swimming Test ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Liver Glycogen ◽

Treated Group ◽

Forced Swimming ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Gynostemma Pentaphyllum ◽

Swimming Test

The current study was designed to investigate the anti-fatigue effects of polysaccharide ofGynostemma pentaphyllumMakino (GMP). The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, low-dose GMP-treated group, middle-dose GMP-treated group and high-dose GMP-treated group. The animals of control group received an oral administration of physiological saline in a volume of 1.0 mL, and the animals of treated group received the same volume of GMP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bodyweight/day) for 28 days. After 28 days, anti-fatigue effects of GMP were assessed by forced swimming test and some biochemical parameters related to fatigue including blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPH-Px), liver glycogen and muscle glycogen were measured using commercial kits. The results demonstrated that GMP prolonged the exhaustive swimming time, increased the liver glycogen and muscle glycogen contents, and decreased the BLA and BUN levels. It also improved the SOD and GPH-Px activities in blood of mice. These results indicated that FPR had anti-fatigue effects.

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