scholarly journals REMOdELLING OF THE LEFT ATRIAL AT THE PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN VARIOuS METHOdS OF SINuS RHYTHM RECOVERY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
T Y Gromyko ◽  
S A Sayganov
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Reliable Parameter ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Aim. To compare features of straight and return remodeling of the left atrial (LA) at patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) at various options of sinus rhythm (SR) restoration depending of a choice of the cardioversion. Material and methods. We examined.153 patients with the nonvalvular AF lasting from24 hours to 6 months. All patients were divided in 3 groups. In group 1 (49 patients) SR was restored medically, in the group 2 (57 patients) SR was restored by means of electrical cardioversion (EC), in the group 3 (47 patients) underwent radio-frequency isolation of pulmonary veins (RFI PV). Echocardiog- raphy was performed to all patients at the time of AF, and also on 1, 3, 5, 15 days and in 6 months after recovery of SR with an assessment systolic and the diastolic function of left ventricle (LV), thickness of walls of a myocardium, the front and back size of the LA, volume of LA, and also design parameter of LA pressure (E\E’) by Tissue doppler visualization.Results. Index LA (ILA) authentically decreased at the patients, who are exposed to RFI PV, at preservation of SR compared with recurrence of AF for 6 months (р<0,05). In group of medical therapy index of volume LA (IVLA) initially it was authentically lower at patients with resistant SR for 6 months, compared with recurrence of AF (р<0,05). And also IVLA authentically decreased in group RFI PV without paroxysms of AF for 6 months (р<0,001). At the medical cardioversion LA pressure (E\E’) authentically decreased by 2 weeks (р<0,05) without paroxysms of AF and significantly didn't change by 6 months. While in the presence of paroxysms of AF for 6 months only the tendency to de- crease of this parameter was noted. And in group of RFI PV reliable dynamics of pressure in LA was recorded at patients without paroxysms of AF by 2 weeks (р<0,05) and by 6 months (р<0,05). While in the presence of paroxysms of AF this parameter significantly didn't change by 6 months. In the group of EC reliable dynamics of the estimated parameters of LA remodeling isn't detected.Conclusions. At patients with AF after cardioversion and without paroxysms of AF for 6 months LA sizes authentically decrease in group of medical therapy (IVLA, (р<0,05)) and at RFI PV (ILA, (р<0,05), IVLA (р<0,001)). LA pressure (E/E’) could be considered as a reliable parameter of the return remodeling of LA after cardioversion and without paroxysms of AF for 6 months in cases of medical therapy (р<0,05) and RFI PV (р<0,05).

Abstract 15733: Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and Severe Left Atrial Scarring: Comparison Between Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation Only or PVAI Combined With Either Scar Homogenization or Trigger Ablation

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Mohanty ◽  
Prasant Mohanty ◽  
Luigi Di Biase ◽  
Chintan Trivedi ◽  
Rong Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Left atrial (LA) scarring, a consequence of cardiac fibrosis is a powerful predictor of procedure-outcome in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing catheter ablation. We sought to compare the long-term outcome in patients with paroxysmal AF and severe LA scarring/fibrosis identified by 3D mapping undergoing ablation of the pulmonary veins (PVAI) only or PVAI and the entire scar areas (scar homogenization) or PVAI plus ablation of the non-PV triggers. Methods: One-hundred seventy seven consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and severe left atrial scarring were included in this study. LA scarring was diagnosed by 3D voltage mapping. The degree of scar was described as severe when >60% of the LA area was involved. Non-PV triggers were defined as ectopic triggers originating from sites other than pulmonary veins such as interatrial septum, superior vena cava, left atrial appendage, ligament of Marshall, crista terminalis and coronary sinus. Patients underwent ablation of the pulmonary vein antrum (PVAI) only (n=45, group 1), PVAI extended to the entire scar areas (scar homogenization [n=66, group 2]) or PVAI plus ablation of non-PV triggers (n=66, group 3). Choice of ablation strategy was determined by the operator. Patients were followed up for arrhythmia recurrence with event recorders, ECG and Holter monitoring. Results: Baseline characteristics were not different between the groups (age 63±9 vs 58±10 vs. 60±11 years, p=0.23; male 71%, vs. 72% vs. 73% p= 0.91). After a single procedure, all patients were followed-up for a minimum of two years. The long-term success rate at the end of the follow up was 19% (12 pts) in group 1, 21% (14 pts) in group 2, and 61% (40 pts) in group 3. Kaplan-Meier log-rank test indicated that the cumulative probability of AF-free survival was significantly higher in group 3 (overall log-rank p <0.001, pairwise comparison 1 vs. 3 and 2 vs. 3 was significant at p<0.01). Conclusions: In patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and severe left atrial scarring, PVAI plus ablation of non-PV triggers is associated with significantly better long-term outcome than PVAI alone or when PVAI is combined with scar homogenization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Pulmonary Vein Isolation Treatment With Left Atrial Catheter Ablation Method on Atrial Conduction Times in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Donmez ◽  
Fatma Hizal Erdem ◽  
Tolga Memioğlu ◽  
Emrah Acar
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Vein Isolation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Conduction Delay ◽  
Conduction Time ◽  
Rf Ablation ◽  
Interatrial Conduction

Abstract PurposeAtrial fibrillation (AF) causes structural, electrical, and cellular remodeling in the atrium. Evaluation of intra- and interatrial conduction time, which is measured by tissue doppler echocardiography, indicates structural and electrical remodeling in the atrium. In the meta-analysis of the studies investigating rhythm control treatment strategy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; radiofrequency (RF) ablation has been shown to be superior over antiarrhythmics in ensuring and protecting sinus rhythm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulmonary vein isolation applied with RF ablation therapy on intra- and interatrial conduction time and to investigate the structural and electrically remodeling after treatment.MethodsFifty-two patients with symptomatic PAF despite at least one antiarrhythmic drug and without structural heart disease were included in the study. Two patients were excluded because of complications developed during and after the operation. Fifty patients (28 female; mean age: 51.68 ± 11.731; mean left atrial diameter: 36.79 ± 4.318) who underwent CARTO® 3D pulmonary vein isolation applied with the RF ablation system were followed-up. Intra- and the inter-atrial electromechanical delay was measured in all patients by tissue doppler echocardiography before and three months after RF ablation. ResultsAll intra- and interatrial conduction times were significantly decreased 3 months after RF ablation procedure (PA lateral p = 0.022; PA septum p = 0.002; PA tricuspid p = 0.019, interatrial conduction delay p= 0,012, intra-atrial conduction delay p = 0.029).ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that providing stable sinus rhythm by the elimination of the AF triggering mechanisms with RF ablation of pulmonary vein isolation may slow down, stop or even improve structural remodeling at substrate level secondary to AF even in patients who did not yet develop atrial fibrosis and permanent structural changes.

scholarly journals Prediction of sinus rhythm maintenance after radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation using speckle tracking echocardiography and dynamics of left atrial structural and functional parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2S) ◽  
pp. 4256
Author(s):  
T. I. Musin ◽  
Z. A. Bagmanova ◽  
D. A. Gareev ◽  
V. G. Rudenko ◽  
N. Sh. Zagidullin
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Reverse Remodeling ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sinus Rhythm Maintenance ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To evaluate the dynamics of left atrial volume (LAV), strain (S) during the reservoir phase and strain rate (SR) in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), scheduled for catheter radiofrequency ablation (RFA), as well as to compare the predictive value of S and SR as a marker of maintaining sinus rhythm.Material and methods. A total of 19 patients (men, 11; women, 8) aged 62±10,7 years with AF were included in the study, 13 (67%) of whom had persistent AF, while 6 patients (33%) had paroxysmal AF Two-dimensional and speckle tracking N. Sh. echocardiography (EPIQ 7, Philips) were performed in all patients before ablation and 12 months after RFA.Results. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 — no recurrent AF after RFA (n=12; 63%); group 2 — recurrent AF after RFA (n=7; 37%). According to 2D echocardiography, the baseline values of LAV and LAV index (LAVI) did not significantly differ between groups 1 and 2: 56,0±12,6 ml and 52,0±23,2 ml (p=0,78); 28,0±7,8 ml/m2 and 25,1±13,6 ml/m2 (p=0,85), respectively. The initial S values of the LA in the four-chamber (4C-) and two-chamber (2C-) apical views in group 1patients were higher than in those from group 2: 4C-S, 34,3±9,9% and 16,9±4,4% (p=0,0008); 2C-S, 29,2±8,3% and 14,5±4,4% (p=0,0011), respectively. Baseline SR values were higher in group 1 patients compared with group 2 in 4C- and 2C-views: 4C-SR, 2,36±0,37 s-1 and 1,39±0,50 s-1 (p=0,0013); 2C-SR 2,09±0,39 s-1 and 1,4±0,53 s-1 (p=0,0053), respectively. The LAV in group 1 became significantly less after RFA than its initial levels: 56,0±12,6 ml and 47,0±12,1 ml (p=0,008). The LAVI also significantly decreased 12 months after RFA as follows: 28,0±7,8 ml/m2 and 22,6±8,3 ml/m2 (p=0,02). In group 2, there was no decrease in either LAV or LAVI after 12 months: LAV, 52,0±23,2 ml and 54,0±12,1 ml (p=1,0); LAVI, 25,1±13,6 ml/m2 and 30,9±7,6 ml/m2 (p=0,3). In group 1, there was no significant change in LA S 12 months after RFA: 4C-S, 34,3±9,9% and 30,3±9,6% (p=0,287); 2C-S, 29,2±8,3% and 28,9±9,1% (p=0,82). In group 2, LA S levels in 4C- and 2C-views did not significantly change depending on the performed RFA procedure: 4C-S, 16,9±4,4% and 17,4±6,2% (p=0,12); 2C-S, 14,5±4,4% and 16,5±6,8% (p=1,0). According to the ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off values for baseline 4C-SR (1,8 s-1 (AUC=0,958)), 2C-SR (1,75 s-1 (AUC=0,899)), 4C-S (20,7% (AUC=0,976)), and 2C-S (19,2% (AUC=0,964)) were reliable individual predictors of sinus rhythm maintenance.Conclusion. A stable sinus rhythm 12 months after the RFA was maintained in patients with higher baseline LA S and SR levels. The baseline LA S and SR values have a high predictive value for AF recurrence in patients after RFA. In patients with effective RFA, LAV and LAVI decreased without changing the S and SR. There was no effect of LA reverse remodeling and improvement in LA S values in patients with recurrent AF after RFA.

Intravenous Diltiazem for Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
C Levent Birincioğlu ◽  
A Tulga Ulus ◽  
Birol Yamak ◽  
S Fehmi Katircioğlu ◽  
Binali Mavitaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Supraventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Inotropic Support ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Between 1995 and 1997, 180 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting were given intravenous diltiazem for conversion of supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm or control of ventricular rhythm in atrial fibrillation. The patients were divided into three groups of 60 each: group 1 required no inotropic support; group 2 had mild inotropic support with dopamine; group 3 had high-dose inotropic support with adrenalin and dopamine. Thirty-eight patients in group 1 (63%), 40 in group 2 (67%), and 32 in group 3 (53%) responded to one or two doses of diltiazem. There was no difference between the groups in terms of the success rate of the treatment (p > 0.05). Additional procedures were needed in 70 patients including cardioversion in 20 (12 in group 1, 8 in group 2). Mean cardiac index was significantly increased and mean pulmonary artery pressure was significantly decreased in all three groups after diltiazem treatment. After the first dose of diltiazem (0.25 mg·kg−1), the mean heart rate decreased from 141.5mg·kg−1 ± 3.8, 136.9 ± 8.5, and 140.2 ± 4.7 to 118.2 ± 5.1, 101.2 ± 6.7, and 105.6 ± 16.8 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The maximum decrease was seen after 5 minutes. After the second dose of diltiazem (0.35 mg·kg−1), although mean heart rates were not significantly decreased, 45% of group 1, 44% of group 2, and 46% of group 3 patients who did not respond to the first dose of diltiazem, converted to sinus rhythm. In the early postoperative period after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, diltiazem was of benefit in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation or flutter. This treatment may be especially useful in patients who are in poor hemodynamic condition.

scholarly journals Tissue doppler imaging of left atrial appendage during transoesophageal echocardiography predicts successful cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kostakou ◽  
V Kostopoulos ◽  
M Stamatelatou ◽  
E Tryfou ◽  
K Mihas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Tissue Doppler Imaging ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Electrical Cardioversion ◽  
Atrial Appendage ◽  
Doppler Imaging

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Restoration of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) prevents from thromboembolic events, decreases the risk for cardiomyopathy and improves quality of life. Purpose This study aimed to determine whether Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) during transesophageal echo (TEE) could predict successful electrical cardioversion (CV) of AF lasting more than 48 hours but less than 6 months. Methods One hundred patients, 74 men and 26 women of mean age 64.7 ± 9.8 years old with non-valvular AF were included. Pulse wave (PW) Doppler velocities as well as TDI velocities of the medial and lateral walls of the left atrial appendage (LAA) were recorded during TEE before cardioversion. Synchronized electrical cardioversion was occurred within 12 hours after TEE using 100-200 Joules. We also evaluated LA size and the global strain of LAA. Results Sinus rhythm restoration was succeeded in 80% of patients and maintained until discharge, 48 hours later. TDI velocities &gt; 8cm/s were correlated with successful cardioversion (sensitivity 70% and specificity 63%) and were more predictive compared to PW Doppler velocities of &gt; 40cm/s. TDI recordings at the medial LAA wall were more accurate, with less artefacts and better positioning of the sample volume. Global longitudinal strain was not significantly correlated with CV outcome. Conclusion Our results indicate that TDI velocities of the LAA walls more than 8cm/s could be used as a cut-off value predicting successful cardioversion of AF.

Left atrial scar burden in sinus rhythm differs from atrial fibrillation using automated voltage analysis during radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mannion ◽  
SJ Lennon ◽  
A Kenny ◽  
U Boles
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Mitral Annulus ◽  
Scar Burden ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Scar burden in atrial fibrillation (AF) can be overestimated due to many factors. Scar burden has prognostic value and substrates considered for ablation by some electrophysiologists. We compared left atrial (LA) scar voltage in AF to sinus rhythm (SR) using voltage histogram analysis (VHA) of those undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for persistent AF (PeAF). We believe this is the first study analysing LA scar location in SR and AF using VHA. Methods We retrospectively analysed 120 anatomical segments (AS) and whole LA voltages (N= 10 patients, mean age 68 ± 7, 4 females) in SR and AF. Fast anatomical maps (FAM) were grouped into 6 AS in AF and SR: Anterior, Posterior, Roof, Floor, Septal and Lateral AS, which were analysed via VHA (Figure 1) in 10 voltage ranges between 0mV-0.5mV. Total LA area in each voltage aliquot was recorded in SR and AF, taking diseased LA as 0.2-0.5mV and dense LA scar as &lt;0.2mV. The pulmonary veins, mitral annulus and trans-septal puncture sites were excluded from analyses. We included patients over age 18 with PeAF who had de novo PVI with no extra ablation lines, maps with &gt;1000 voltage points in both rhythms and uniform procedure involving initial mapping in AF then remapping in SR after PVI. Statistical analyses conducted with IBM SPSS v.26. Results Total LA scar burden was greater in AF (Mean 142.76 mm², SD ± 138.78mm²) than SR (Mean 109mm², SD ± 107.8mm²), p= &lt;0.0001, Table 1. Scar correlation in SR and AF had a good relationship, R = 0.416 (p= &lt;0.001). Every 1mm² of scar identified during SR yielded a mean of 1.54mm² in AF, (p= &lt;0.001). Conclusions AF was associated with higher scar burden in the Roof, Anterior, Lateral and Posterior AS. Dense LA scar (≤ 0.2mV) on the Posterior AS was significantly higher in AF, while in other AS was comparable to SR. Mapping substrate in AF, especially the posterior wall, may be misleading as scar burden may be overestimated when compared to SR. Table 1Voltage&lt; 0.02 mV (mean area ± SD mm2)0.2-0.5mV (mean area mm2)RhythmSRAFp-valueSRAFp-valueEntire LA115.89 ± 113.61143.41 ± 144.230.02*105.78 ± 103.73144.00 ± 135.24&lt;0.0001*Roof82.72 ± 117.3283.68 ± 113.560.95115 ± 77.14150.61 ± 93.170.01*Anterior131.8 ± 169.53126.5 ± 154.570.85158.53 ± 99.22220.87 ± 173.070.002*Lateral70.5 ± 80.0090.57 ± 117.990.3687.52 ± 66.82137.05 ± 104.990.0002*Septal80.99 ± 89.0380.99 ± 89.030.6899.123 ± 73.62115.37 ± 84.830.18Floor105.1 ± 134.91106.42 ± 148.670.96117.62 ± 85.41151.2 ± 110.070.052Posterior102.14 ± 157.47159.03 ± 194.650.02*138.27 ± 112.28234 ± 150.45&lt;0.0001*LA scar distribution in SR and AF, *denotes significant results.Abstract Figure 1

scholarly journals Short- and mid-term results of thoracoscopic atrial fibrillation ablation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
E. A. Khomenko ◽  
S. E. Mamchur ◽  
K. A. Kozyrin ◽  
R. S. Tarasov ◽  
K. V. Bakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Atrial Flutter ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
One Year

Aim. Evaluation of short- and mid-term (up to one year) results of aт atrial fibrillation thoracoscopic radiofrequency ablation (TRFA) combined with left atrial appendage resection.Methods. 10 patients with persistent AF were included in the study. In 5 cases surgical ablation was performed as the primary intervention and in 5 cases surgery were preceded by two unsuccessful catheter procedures. Age of the patients was 54.4 (41; 63) years, duration of arrhythmic anamnesis – 5.6 (4.8; 6.8) years, anteroposterior size of the left atrium – 4.7 (45; 51 mm), LV ejection fraction – 63 (58; 68) %. TRFA included an isolation of right and left pulmonary veins, ablation lines along the roof and base of posterior wall of the left atrium, left atrial appendage resection.Results. In all cases of TRFA exit-block from the pulmonary veins was achieved. Among 10 procedures, a stable sinus rhythm was documented in 6 patients. In the remaining 4 patients AF was observed only in one case, and the other three demonstrated atypical atrial flutter, that given us a reason to repeat catheter procedures. In three cases of left atrial flutter, catheter ablation led to sinus rhythm restoration, and in case of AF and total sclerosis of left atrium a decision to refuse RF ablation was made. Complications were presented by a single case of bilateral phrenic nerve palsy, which required plication of the diaphragm, and two spontaneously resolved pulmonary atelectasis.Conclusion. The efficacy of atrial fibrillation thoracoscopic radiofrequency ablation during the follow-up period of one year was 90% regarding selective hybrid approach (thoracoscopic + catheter procedure). Procedure safety of TRFA was much lower than that of catheter ablation: the total number of small and big complications was 30%.

scholarly journals P318 Left atrial dysfunction assessed by echocardiography in relation to left atrial fibrosis in patients undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Pilichowska ◽  
J Baran ◽  
P Kulakowski ◽  
B Zaborska
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Left Atrial Dysfunction ◽  
Left Atrial Fibrosis ◽  
Group 1

Abstract PURPOSE Left atrial (LA) fibrosis is the hallmark of LA remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF), alters LA function and may predict poor catheter ablation (CA) outcome. LA fibrosis may be assessed invasively using electroanatomical mapping (EAM) during electrophysiological study. The aim was to assess LA function parameters in relation to degree of LA fibrosis derived from EAM in patients with AF. METHODS Patients (pts) n = 39 (79% males, mean age 56+/-10) with non-valvular AF were studied with TTE and TEE before first CA during sinus rhythm. LA strain (LAS) and strain rate (LASR) were analyzed in reservoir (r), conduit (cd) and contractile (ct) phases. The velocities of mitral A, E" and A" were measured with Doppler. E/E" and LA stiffness index - the ratio of E/E" to LASr were assessed. LA appendage flow velocity (LAAv) was measured in TEE. LA volume using biplane area-length method was calculated. The EAM of LA was build using Carto System before CA. Low amplitude potentials area (LAPA) was quantitatively analyzed and expressed as a percentage of LA surface using the cut-off &lt;0.5 mV to detect sites of fibrosis. LA parameters were compared between mild (LAPA &lt;10%) moderate (LAPA 10-40%) and extensive degree of LA fibrosis (LAPA &gt;40%) (table). RESULTS The mean LA volume was 35 ± 11 mL/m². The LAPA ranged from 2 to 78 % of LA surface. Reduced LA function was observed in the LAPA &gt;40% group. Extensive LAPA altered mainly LA compliance parameters. Traditional LA systolic function parameters did not differ in relation to degree of LAPA. CONCLUSION LA compliance is mostly affected by LA fibrosis, thus LA diastolic parameters may be useful in the noninvasive assessment of LA fibrosis. Whether these parameters should be a part of the proper selection of candidates for CA requires further studies. LA function parameters LA parameters Group 1 LAPA &lt;10% n = 13 Group 2 LAPA &gt;10% &lt;40% n = 13 Group 3 LAPA &gt;40% n = 13 P-value Group 1 + 2 vs 3 Mitral A 0.55 ± 0.10 0.55 ± 0.24 0.73 ± 0.32 0.077 A" 9.19 ± 1.74 7.85 ± 1.43 7.92 ± 2.40 0.376 LASr 31.48 ± 4.52 26.48 ± 8.79 19.63 ± 6.76 &lt;0.001 LAScd 17.30 ± 3.05 15.44 ± 6.93 10.91 ± 4.04 0.003 LASct 14.18 ± 5.36 11.05 ± 3.67 8.72 ± 4.78 0.024 LASRr 1.22 ± 0.19 1.24 ± 0.21 0.92 ± 0.20 &lt;0.001 LASRct -1.71 ± 0.46 -1.37 ± 0.34 -1.04 ± 0.33 &lt;0.001 LA stiffness 0.20 ± 0.07 0.34 ± 0.17 0.63 ± 0.29 &lt;0.001 LAAv 0.83 ± 0.18 0.55 ± 0.17 0.60 ± 0.16 0.178

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