Diagnosis and treatment of infants with severe hydronephrosis (literature review)

Introduction. An assessment of the effectiveness of antenatal diagnosis and postnatal management of infants and infants with grade IV hydronephrosis was performed based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature. Literature review. In the literature analysis, we used the databases СlinicalKey, Web of Science, Cyberleninka, PubMed, and Medline. The search was not limited by the publication date; instead, the searchs emphasis was placed on publications of the last 10 years. Classification. Several classification systems have been developed to assess the severity of hydronephrosis in infants. However, none of them describes the degree of expansion of the PCS and the functional state of the renal parenchyma. This work shows the stages of embryogenesis of the obstruction of the pyelourethral segment. Diagnosis. The issues of antenatal diagnostics and prognostically significant outcome criteria for an intrauterine malformation of the fetal urinary system are considered. The main diagnostic methods in the postnatal period are described. Morphological changes. Variants of pathomorphological changes in the renal parenchyma, the pelvic wall, and ureter in prolonged obstruction conditions are described. The role and variability of the number of Cajal interstitial cells in the pelvic wall and ureter in hydronephrosis have been analyzed. Treatment. Particular attention is paid to nephroprotective therapy and surgical treatment tactics of the defect. Questions regarding the timing and choice of treatment methods, the need and duration of preliminary urine diversion in infants and children with grade IV hydronephrosis remain open. Conclusion. Analysis of the world literature shows that there is no single protocol for intrauterine diagnosis and postnatal management of children with grade IV hydronephrosis. The functional state of the parenchyma is possible only with a comprehensive examination to assess the degree of hydronephrosis. Improving antenatal and postnatal diagnostics, therapeutic and surgical treatment of children with severe hydronephrosis should be based on a doctors cooperation, a specialist in ultrasound diagnostics, a nephrologist, and a pediatric surgeon.

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Lipoma of the cerebellopontine angle: case reports and literature review

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x1994000100010 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marcelo P. Ferreira ◽

Nelson P. Ferreira ◽

Rene Lenhardt

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Literature Review ◽

Cerebellopontine Angle ◽

Case Reports ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Surgical Indications ◽

Complete Excision

Two patients with cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lipoma were studied. They were submitted to surgical treatment. Available literature was reviewed and 29 cases with same lesion were identified which had been treated by surgery. Clinical manifestations, possibility of diagnostic methods, surgical indications and treatment strategies are discussed. Attention is called to the peculiarities of CPA lipomas and the doubtful vality of attempting complete excision in all cases.

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NEPHROSCINTIGRAPHY IN ASSESSING THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE RENAL PARENCHYMA IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CORAL NEPHROLITHIASIS

Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology ◽

10.21569/2222-7415-2019-9-3-134-142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 134-142

Author(s):

M.L. Chekhonatskaya ◽

◽

A.N. Rossolovsky ◽

I.A. Kryuchkov ◽

V.N. Nikolenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Functional State ◽

Renal Parenchyma

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The use of the ultrasound for otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases (literature review)

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2020-11-92-100 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 92-100

Author(s):

D. V. Trukhin ◽

I. A. Kim ◽

E. V. Nosulya ◽

E. A. Zubareva ◽

T. I. Garashchenko

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Chronic Tonsillitis ◽

Excision Biopsy ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽

Systemic Complications ◽

Ultrasound Diagnostics

Despite the fact that otorhinolaryngologists are already very busy finding a solution to the problem of chronic tonsillitis, it remains unresolved. The prevalence of chronic tonsillitis does not decrease, but rather increases. Diseases of the tonsils are characteristic primarily of the child and adult working population. Chronic tonsillitis attracts attention not only as an independent disease, but as a cause of frequent local and especially systemic complications, which number more than 100. All these facts speak about the unresolved and urgency of the problem of chronic tonsil disease. In the diagnosis of neck diseases, one of the most common methods is ultrasound. It has a number of significant advantages over other methods, such as high sensitivity and specificity, the ability to detect minor changes in the organs, non-invasiveness of the study, painlessness, accessibility, and the absence of ionizing radiation. The aim of the literature review is to identify, analyze, and systematize literature data on the application of the ultrasonic research method in neck organ pathology. Ultrasound diagnostics in the neck is widely used and is actively studied in acute inflammatory-purulent pathology (paratonsillar abscesses, phlegmon), in the pathology of the larynx and trachea, salivary and thyroid glands, as well as in the metastasis of malignant neoplasms to the lymph nodes. There are several methods for diagnosing lymph nodes, such as: puncture and excision biopsy, lymphography, scintigraphy, thermography and ultrasound ultrasound. Despite such a variety of diagnostic methods, ultrasound is the method of choice for imaging cervical lymph nodes. One of the most modern methods in ultrasound diagnostics is elastography. This method is most informative in cases when changes in tissues are small in size and cannot be detected using standard ultrasound modes.

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Achievements and realities of surgical treatment for short bowel syndrome (literature review)

EMERGENCY MEDICINE ◽

10.22141/2224-0586.8.87.2017.121322 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (8.87) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

B.I. Slonetsky ◽

M.I. Tutchenko ◽

I.V. Verbitsky

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Literature Review ◽

Short Bowel Syndrome ◽

Short Bowel

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The ‘wave sign’ in hip arthroscopy: a systematic review of epidemiological factors, current diagnostic methods and treatment options

Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery ◽

10.1093/jhps/hnaa058 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jason Derry Onggo ◽

James Randolph Onggo ◽

Mithun Nambiar ◽

Andrew Duong ◽

Olufemi R Ayeni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Arthroscopic Surgery ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Suture Repair ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Epidemiological Factors

ABSTRACT This study aims to present a systematic review and synthesized evidence on the epidemiological factors, diagnostic methods and treatment options available for this phenomenon. A multi-database search (OVID Medline, EMBASE and PubMed) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on 18 June 2019. All studies of any study design discussing on the epidemiological factors, diagnostic methods, classification systems and treatment options of the wave sign were included. The Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment tool was used to appraise articles. No quantitative analysis could be performed due to heterogeneous data reported; 11 studies with a total of 501 patients with the wave sign were included. Three studies examined risk factors for wave sign and concluded that cam lesions were most common. Other risk factors include alpha angle >65° (OR=4.00, 95% CI: 1.26–12.71, P=0.02), male gender (OR 2.24, 95% CI: 1.09–4.62, P=0.03) and older age (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, P=0.03). Increased acetabular coverage in setting of concurrent cam lesions may be a protective factor. Wave signs most commonly occur at the anterior, superior and anterosuperior acetabulum. In terms of staging accuracy, the Haddad classification had the highest coefficients in intraclass correlation (k=0.81, 95% CI: 0.23–0.95, P=0.011), inter-observer reliability (k=0.88, 95% CI: 0.72–0.97, P<0.001) and internal validity (k=0.89). One study investigated the utility of quantitative magnetic imaging for wave sign, concluding that significant heterogeneity in T1ρ and T2 values (P<0.05) of acetabular cartilage is indicative of acetabular debonding. Four studies reported treatment techniques, including bridging suture repair, reverse microfracture with bubble decompression and microfracture with fibrin adhesive glue, with the latter reporting statistically significant improvements in modified Harris hip scores at 6-months (MD=19.2, P<0.05), 12-months (MD=22.0, P<0.05) and 28-months (MD=17.5, P<0.001). No clinical studies were available for other treatment options. There is a scarcity of literature on the wave sign. Identifying at risk symptomatic patients is important to provide prompt diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic techniques and operative options are still in early developmental stages. More research is needed to understand the natural history of wave sign lesions after arthroscopic surgery and whether intervention can improve long-term outcomes. Level IV, Systematic review of non-homogeneous studies.

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“Proximalization is Advancement”—Zone 3 Frozen Elephant Trunk vs Zone 2 Frozen Elephant Trunk: A Literature Review

Vascular and Endovascular Surgery ◽

10.1177/15385744211002493 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153857442110024

Author(s):

Rozina Yasmin Choudhury ◽

Kamran Basharat ◽

Syeda Anum Zahra ◽

Tien Tran ◽

Lara Rimmer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Literature Review ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Frozen Elephant Trunk ◽

Elephant Trunk ◽

Descending Aorta ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Aortic Pathologies

Over the decades, the Frozen Elephant Trunk (FET) technique has gained immense popularity allowing simplified treatment of complex aortic pathologies. FET is frequently used to treat aortic conditions involving the distal aortic arch and the proximal descending aorta in a single stage. Surgical preference has recently changed from FET procedures being performed at Zone 3 to Zone 2. There are several advantages of Zone 2 FET over Zone 3 FET including reduction in spinal cord injury, visceral ischemia, neurological and cardiovascular sequelae. In addition, Zone 2 FET is a technically less complicated procedure. Literature on the comparison between Zone 3 and Zone 2 FET is scarce and primarily observational and anecdotal. Therefore, further research is warranted in this paradigm to substantiate current surgical treatment options for complex aortic pathologies. In this review, we explore literature surrounding FET and the reasons for the shift in surgical preference from Zone 3 to Zone 2.

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THU0617-HPR TOWARDS A UNIVERSAL DEFINITION OF DISEASE ACTIVITY SCORES THRESHOLDS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1851 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 551.1-551

Author(s):

N. Foulquier ◽

B. Chevet ◽

G. Carvajal Alegria ◽

L. Saraux ◽

V. Devauchelle-Pensec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Mobile Application ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Smart Phone ◽

Linear Interpolation ◽

Publication Date ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Manual Search ◽

Universal Definition

Background:For rheumatologists monitoring patients with various diseases and dealing with multiple scores with different maximum values (9 for RA-DAS, 6.4 for AS-DAS and 60 for PMR-AS) and values thresholds to characterize the different levels of disease activity (low, intermediate and high) can be a tedious task. The same problematic could arise in other specialty than rheumatology. Normalization of these scores seems to be necessary to facilitate daily clinical practice (1).Objectives:To indentify and standardize scores of activity of inflammatory diseases.Methods:We conducted a literature review on activity criteria using both a manual approach and the BIBOT software (2) published in English between 1.1.1975 and 31.12.2018. Within all extracted disease activity scores, we selected those with cut off values in four classes (remission, low, moderate and high disease activity). We used a linear interpolation to map all these disease activity scores to our new score, the AS-135, and developed a smart-phone application to perform the conversion automatically.Results:1068 articles were analyzed by BIBOT, 86 were excluded on the basis of the language used for their writing and 11 were excluded on the basis of their publication date. 599 were selected based on their titles, abstracts and keywords. 108 activity criteria from various fields (rheumatology, dermatology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, neurology and pneumology) were identified, but it is in rheumatology that we find separation into four classes. 10 scores met our inclusion criteria and were implemented in the Android app. These are: DAS28 (ESR), DAS28 (CRP), SDAI, ASDAS (ESR), ASDAS (CRP), ESSDAI, SLEDAI-2K, DAPSA, PMR-AS (ESR) and PMR-AS (CRP). We built the AS135 score modification for each selected score using a linear interpolation of the existing criteria. It was defined on the interval [0,10] and values 1, 3 and 5 were used as thresholds. These arbitrary thresholds are then associated with the thresholds of the existing criteria and an interpolation can be calculated, allowing the conversion of the existing criteria into AS135 criterion. We have finally created a mobile application that allows each user to obtain both the original value of the activity criterion.Conclusion:We have created a mobile application that allows any user to obtain in a simple way the level of disease activity, whatever the criterion used to describe it, since the application returns, in addition to the value of the activity criterion calculated from data returned by the physician, the transformation of this value into AS135 criterion and its interpretation in terms of level of activity of the pathology. The application is now available for Android devices and we plan to start developing a version for iOS devices.References:[1]Saraux L, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Saraux A. Plea for standardization of disease activity scores. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2019 Aug 1;58(8):1500–1[2]Orgeolet L, Foulquier N, Misery L, Redou P, Pers J-O, Devauchelle-Pensec V, et al. Can artificial intelligence replace manual search for systematic literature? Review on cutaneous manifestations in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2019 Aug 31;Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Preoperative Diagnosis and Treatment of Middle Ear Adenoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/01455613211000295 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014556132110002

Author(s):

Aleksander Zwierz ◽

Krystyna Masna ◽

Paweł Burduk

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Literature Review ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Preoperative Diagnosis ◽

Proper Treatment ◽

Second Stage ◽

Middle Ear Adenoma ◽

Histopathological Results

Most reported cases of middle ear adenoma (MEA) have focused on histopathology because MEA is usually diagnosed postoperatively, which is considered as a major setback. We focused on the surgical aspect of the disease to facilitate a preoperative diagnosis, resulting in prompt and proper treatment, without requiring a second stage of surgical treatment. In this report, we present the differential diagnoses in a 40-year-old man with MEA requiring surgical treatment. Preoperatively, the patient was suspected to have an MEA. An analysis of the surgical procedures in similar misdiagnosed tumors has enabled us to assess surgical procedures in cases wherein the preoperative diagnosis does not coincide with the postoperative histopathological results.

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