scholarly journals Mycobiota of the upper layer of pine forests litter in the parks of Surgut in the environmental assessment of anthropogenic impact on these territories

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Maria Viktorovna Mantrova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Verticillium Dahlia ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

The paper studies mycobiota of the upper layer of pine forests litter in the parks of Surgut: Za Saimoy, Energetikov, Kedrovy Log, Neftyanik. The author identified 52 isolates of soil microscopic fungi belonging to 14 genera. Most of the isolates - anamorphic (mitospore) fungi - are represented by 9 genera: Acremonium , Annellosporium , Aspergillus , Fusarium , Humicola , Penicillium , Trichoderma , Ulocladium , Verticillium . Zygomycetes belong to three genera - Absidia , Mucor and Umbelopsis . Ascomycetes are represented by two genera: Eupenicillium and Talaromyces . The author also isolated Mycelia sterilia group. Representatives of the genera Absidia , Trichoderma , Fusarium and Penicillium are found in the mycocenoses of the studied parks. The genera Trichoderma , Fusarium and Penicillium also dominate by the number of isolates. Umbelopsis isabellina species is abundant in the Kedrovy Log park. Species of the genus Trichoderma are abundant in the Neftyanik park. Light-colored micromycetes of the group Mycelia sterilia are found and abundant only in the Za Saimoy park. Cellulolytics of the genus Trichoderma and the species Annellosporium nemorosum are abundant in the Energetikov park. Thus, mycobiota of the upper layer litter of the studied parks is close to the mycobiota of the background podzolic soils. It contains fungal species typical of the background soils. Fungi resistant to anthropogenic influences - dark-colored micromycetes Ulocladium alternarie and phytopathogenic species Verticillium dahlia var. longisporum . were found in the minority only in the Energetikov park. The obtained data allow us to conclude that the anthropogenic influence on the structure of the mycocenosis of the Energetikov park is more pronounced, but in general it does not have a significant effect on the mycobiota of the upper layer litter of the studied parks.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic influences on the physical state of submicron particulate matter over a tropical forest

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam P. Bateman ◽  
Zhaoheng Gong ◽  
Tristan H. Harder ◽  
Suzane S de Sá ◽  
Bingbing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Continental Scale

Abstract. The occurrence of non-liquid and liquid physical states of submicron atmospheric particulate matter (PM) downwind of an urban region in central Amazonia was investigated. Measurements were conducted during two Intensive Operating Periods (IOP1 and IOP2) that took place during the wet and dry seasons, respectively, of the GoAmazon2014/5 campaign. Air masses representing variable influences of background conditions, urban pollution, and regional and continental scale biomass burning passed over the research site. As the air masses varied, particle rebound fraction, which is an indicator of the mix of physical states in a sampled particle population, was measured in real time at ground level using an impactor apparatus. Micrographs collected by transmission electron microscopy confirmed that liquid particles adhered while non-liquid particles rebounded. Relative humidity (RH) was scanned to collect rebound curves. When the apparatus RH matched ambient RH, 95 % of the particles were liquid as a campaign average, although this percentage dropped to as low as 60 % during periods of anthropogenic influence. Secondary organic material, produced for the most part by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds emitted from the forest, was the largest source of liquid PM. Analyses of the mass spectra of the atmospheric PM by positive-matrix factorization (PMF) and of concentrations of carbon monoxide, total particle number, and oxides of nitrogen were used to identify time periods affected by anthropogenic influences, including both urban pollution and biomass burning. The occurrence of non-liquid PM correlated with these indicators of anthropogenic influence. A linear model having as output the rebound fraction and as input the PMF factor loadings explained up to 70 % of the variance in the observed rebound fractions. Anthropogenic influences appear to favor non-liquid PM by providing molecular species that increase viscosity when internally mixed with background PM, by contributing non-liquid particles in external mixtures of PM, and a by combination of these effects under real-world conditions.

scholarly journals Environmental assessment of water and soil contamination in Rajakhali Canal of Karnaphuli River (Bangladesh) impacted by anthropogenic influences: a preliminary case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 997-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
N. G. Das ◽  
Prabal Barua ◽  
M. Belal Hossain ◽  
S. Venkatramanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences

scholarly journals Species biodiversity of microscopic fungi of common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) in the rush communities of Lake Glinno

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-368
Author(s):  
Kinga Mazurkiewicz-Zapałowicz ◽  
Krystyna Janowicz ◽  
Maria Wolska ◽  
Anna Słodownik
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Fusarium Sambucinum ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Green Material ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

The studies were carried out on common reed (<i>Phragmites australis</i>) growing on the shores of Lake Glinno and forming rush communities of the alliance <i>Phragmition</i>. 10 plants with disease symptoms were gathered from each of five sites. The isolation and marking of pathogens were performed twice from fragments of leaf and blade tissues with disease symptoms. First, directly after collecting the plants incubated in sterile humid chambers and microorganism cultures on CDA and PDA medium, and then phytopathogen and saprotroph species occurring on dried green material were identified for 2-4 months. The occurrence of 31 species of microscopic fungi overall was observed on the leaves, blades and inflorescences of <i>P. australis</i>, including 2 mycelia of <i>Mycelia sterilia</i>. The most frequently occurring species, present at all sites of <i>Phragmites australis</i> are: <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i>, <i>C. herbarum</i>, <i>Doratomyces stemonitis</i> and <i>Puccinia phragmitis</i>, <i>P. magnussiana</i> and two mycelia of <i>Mycelia sterilia</i>. The most common species occurring on blades and inside them are: <i>Acremoniella atra</i>, <i>Acremonium alternatum</i> and <i>Fusarium sambucinum</i>. Sporadically, <i>Ustilago grandis</i> was also observed inside blades. Tiny necrotic stains on leaves and blades were caused by the presence of three species of the genus Leptoshaeria: <i>L. culmifraga</i>, <i>L. eustoma</i> and <i>L. fuckelli</i>. The occurrence of the sclerote of <i>Claviceps microcephala</i> was found in inflorescences.

scholarly journals Place of the ESPOO convention in the formation of the international legal mechanism for the protection of lake Baikal

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
D.V. Shornikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Strategic Environmental Assessment ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
National Practice

The article examines the key provisions of the 1991 Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, the so-called Espoo Convention, as well as the developing provisions of the Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment (Kiev Protocol) of 2003 in terms of preventing negative anthropogenic impact on the natural environment, bearing in mind, first of all, the development of the mechanism of international legal protection of Lake Baikal. In the article is briefly characterized the experience of a number of countries in the post-Soviet space in the implementation of the provisions of these international documents into national legislation. The experience and current position of the Russian Federation on the application of the provisions and mechanisms of the Espoo Convention and the Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment in national practice are analyzed. The conclusion is sub-stantiated about the relevance and effectiveness of the use of mechanisms to prevent negative anthropogenic impact on the environment, enshrined in these international documents for the preservation of the unique ecosystem of the World Heritage Site - Lake Baikal.

scholarly journals Fungal contamination in dried spices sold in the market of the Porto of Cuiabá-MT

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Adriana Paiva De Oliveira ◽  
Gevanil Lene Arruda ◽  
José Carlos De Oliveira ◽  
Francisca Graciele Gomes Pedro ◽  
Rosane Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

Condiments are products of natural origin, with or without nutritional value, used in food in order to modify or enhance the flavor. However, these can be contaminated by bacteria and fungi during storage, transport or handling. The aim of this work was to research filamentous fungi in four of the most sold types of dehydrated spices at Port market, Cuiabá-MT: oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). For this, 200 g of each spice were acquired and, the collection was done in three periods of time, February, July and December 2014, totaling 12 samples. Fungal species were inoculated with Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol, with subsequent fungal count and ultrastructure of fungal genera. The basil and black pepper were the spices that had higher fungal count (> 100 CFU / g) and rosemary the lowest score (2.8 x 101 CFU / g). The following were isolated filamentous fungi: Absidia spp; Alternaria spp; Aspergillus spp; Cladosporium spp; Mycelia sterilia; Mucor spp; Paecylomyces spp and Penicillium spp, and the genera Aspergillus was the most frequent (n = 165/67%). The presence of different types of filamentous fungi suggests that the conditions of production, storage and manipulation in the analyzed point of sale are not appropriate, making the spices evaluated susceptible to microbiological contamination.

scholarly journals Post-fire transformation of sod-podzolic soils in ribbon pine forests in Altai territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
S.I. Zavalishin ◽  
◽  
V.S. Karelinа ◽  
A.V. Orlov ◽  
V.Yu. Patrushev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pine Forests ◽  
Podzolic Soils

Multi-scale assessment and mapping of anthropogenic impacts on the atmosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 976 (10) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
V.S. Tikunov ◽  
S.K. Belousov ◽  
A.I Igonin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Territorial Division

The authors present a method of multi-scale integrated assessment of anthropogenic impact on the atmospheric air as part of a comprehensive environmental assessment of the European states territory. Multiscale assessment enables identifying areas of the greatest impact and determining the relations between objects of administrative-territorial division. The methodology is based on the aggregation of indicators of human exposure to atmospheric air at various scale levels. For a multi-scale assessment of the anthropogenic impact, 3 levels of research were selected

scholarly journals Anthropogenic influences on the physical state of submicron particulate matter over a tropical forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1759-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam P. Bateman ◽  
Zhaoheng Gong ◽  
Tristan H. Harder ◽  
Suzane S. de Sá ◽  
Bingbing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Continental Scale

Abstract. The occurrence of nonliquid and liquid physical states of submicron atmospheric particulate matter (PM) downwind of an urban region in central Amazonia was investigated. Measurements were conducted during two intensive operating periods (IOP1 and IOP2) that took place during the wet and dry seasons of the GoAmazon2014/5 campaign. Air masses representing variable influences of background conditions, urban pollution, and regional- and continental-scale biomass burning passed over the research site. As the air masses varied, particle rebound fraction, an indicator of physical state, was measured in real time at ground level using an impactor apparatus. Micrographs collected by transmission electron microscopy confirmed that liquid particles adhered, while nonliquid particles rebounded. Relative humidity (RH) was scanned to collect rebound curves. When the apparatus RH matched ambient RH, 95 % of the particles adhered as a campaign average. Secondary organic material, produced for the most part by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds emitted from the forest, produces liquid PM over this tropical forest. During periods of anthropogenic influence, by comparison, the rebound fraction dropped to as low as 60 % at 95 % RH. Analyses of the mass spectra of the atmospheric PM by positive-matrix factorization (PMF) and of concentrations of carbon monoxide, total particle number, and oxides of nitrogen were used to identify time periods affected by anthropogenic influences, including both urban pollution and biomass burning. The occurrence of nonliquid PM at high RH correlated with these indicators of anthropogenic influence. A linear model having as output the rebound fraction and as input the PMF factor loadings explained up to 70 % of the variance in the observed rebound fractions. Anthropogenic influences can contribute to the presence of nonliquid PM in the atmospheric particle population through the combined effects of molecular species that increase viscosity when internally mixed with background PM and increased concentrations of nonliquid anthropogenic particles in external mixtures of anthropogenic and biogenic PM.

scholarly journals Edge effects on the blowfly fauna (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of the Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Q. Gadelha ◽  
A. C. Ribeiro ◽  
V. M. Aguiar ◽  
C. A. Mello-Patiu
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Synanthropic Species

Abstract In this contribution we examine the diversity, abundance and species richness of Calliphoridae in the Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Specimens were collected monthly between September 2009 and August 2010, using sardines as bait, in three points: A, on the forest edge (22°56’846"S 43°17’496"W), B, 700m from it (22°57’073"S 43°17’832"W) and C, 1,200m into the forest (22°57’321"S 43°18’031"W), evaluating the indicator species at each point and the anthropogenic influences and abiotic factors that determine species distribution. A total of 16,364 Calliphoridae were collected and 17 species were identified. Species abundance was strongly positively correlated with temperature. The greatest number of flies was collected at A, but in this point, diversity was lower and most individuals collected belonged to the dominant species. Point C, conversely, had the lower abundance and the highest diversity. Chrysomya megacephala, an urban and synanthropic species, was dominant at point A, whereas Laneela nigripes and Mesembrinella peregrina, typically forest species, were considered indicators at points B and C, respectively, showing that the anthropogenic influence is more intense at the forest edge.

scholarly journals Studies on certain aspects of root surface fungi III. Effect of harvesting

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
R. S. Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fungal Succession ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Vanilic Acid ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

The effect of harvesting oi above ground part on the succession of fungi on crown, middle and distal regions of decomposing roots of <i>Pennisetum typhoides</i> (Burm f.) Stapf et Hubb. was investigated for a period of six months (January to June, 1971). The number of fungal species was generally lower in harvested plants than in standing plants whereas the fungal population exhibited the reverse trend. The amino acids, sugars. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components of the roots in different vertical regions were assessed and a correlation was established between the above factors and fungal succession in the two sets of plants. It was also noticed that roots in all the depths decomposed earlier than the set where aerial parts were left intact and no phytotoxins were detected in the harvested set against standing one where vanilic acid and 3-4 dihydroxy benzoic acids were chromatogrammed during Maroh and April. The pH and moisture content exhibited a poor correlation with the fungal succession. <i>Deuteromycetes</i> along with few <i>Phycomycetes</i> in the beginning, <i>Deuteromycetes</i> with few <i>Ascomycetes</i> in the second phase and <i>Deuteromycetes</i> along with <i>Mycelia sterilia</i> in the third phase were isolated.

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