The environment of the cinematic spectacle. The architecture of the early Russian movie theaters

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Anisimov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Film Exhibition ◽  
Movie Theaters ◽  
Main Street ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Restaurant Design ◽  
Main Entrance

The emergence of cinema brought about the issue of forming a comfortable environment for film screenings. This essay analyzes the characteristics of the first spaces used for film exhibition in St. Petersburg and Moscow and the architecture of the movie theaters built in these cities in the first decades of the 20th century and characterized by a combination of theatrical architectural traditions, eclectic restaurant design and elements of the fading Art Nouveau style. Film exhibition was a profitable business. Initially, screenings were held in rented spaces but soon specialized buildings were designed and constructed. The essay looks at the largest and most popular movie theaters built in St. Petersburgs main street, Nevsky Prospect, and in the center of Moscow, discussing their architectural features and their historical development. Thus, during the 1920s and 1930s, large movie theaters included a foyer with a stage for variety shows and a theater-like auditorium with a high-mounted, dark-framed screen; the spectators entered the auditorium via the main entrance and, after the screening, exited directly to a street or a yard.

scholarly journals THE ART NOUVEAU TILES AS FRAMES TO ARCHITECTURE IN LISBON

ARTis ON ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
António Francisco Arruda de Melo Cota Fevereiro
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
The 19Th Century

The combination of tile with architecture has been used in Portugal for centuries. It achieved a unique level of artistry by the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. The use of new colours and modern stylizations were explored during the Art Nouveau period. The tile was used as a frame for architectural features in order to enhance the building. By then all the elements were intended to be harmoniously combined as a whole.A span of case studies, chronologically ordered, illustrates the role and evolution of tiles used during this period, when tiles were designed by academic painters or architects. The comparison of projects published, or kept in archives, with the actual buildings led to a new understanding about this artistic period in Portugal and, particularly, in Lisbon and its surroundings. 

scholarly journals EARLY 20TH-CENTURY WOODEN TENEMENT BUILDINGS IN ESTONIA: BUILDING BLOCKS FOR NEIGHBORHOOD LONGEVITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Hess
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Art Nouveau

During the early 20th century, the urban housing supply in Estonia expanded quickly to meet growing housing demand, resulting in tenement districts conceived for maximum profitability of rental units. In Karlova, a district near the city center of Tartu, about five hundred wooden houses, built between 1911 and the early 1920s and displaying simple Art Nouveau details, are set amid a charming district with a distinct milieu. This article focuses on three time periods during which the development of its built environment gave Karlova its distinctiveness: (1) the years leading up to World War I; (2) the interwar period; and (3) the two decades since 1991, or the post-transition period. Although the district was neglected during the Soviet era, it remains remarkably intact and has even experienced, since the 1990s, gentrification. The high-quality housing stock and charming built environment has much to offer to its diverse population of students, professionals, families, and longtime residents. Santrauka Dvidešimtojo amžiaus pradžioje gyvenamųjų namų pasiūla Estijoje greitai augo atitikdama į augančius gyvenamojo ploto poreikius. Minėtos situacijos rezultatas - daugiabučių namų kvartalai sukurti taip, kad iš nuomojamų patalpų būtų gaunamas maksimalus pelnas. Karlova – kvartalas netoli Tartu centro. Jį sudaro apie penki šimtai medinių namų, pastatytų tarp 1911 ir 1920 metų. Pastatams būdingos paprastos Art Nouveauarchitektūrinės detalės, jie pastatyti išskirtinėje patrauklioje aplinkoje. Pateikiamame straipsnyje nagrinėjami trys laikotarpiai, per kuriuos užstatymo kaita aptariamoje teritorijoje sukūrė išskirtinį jos tapatumą: 1) laikotarpis iki Pirmojo pasaulinio karo; 2) tarpukaris; 3) du dešimtmečiai po 1991 m. Nežiūrint to, kad sovietiniais metais teritorija buvo nesaugoma ir ja nesirūpinama, Karlova išsaugojo nepažeistą architektūrinį urbanistinį vientisumą, o po 1990 m. teritorijoje prasidėjo gentrifikacijos procesai. Aukštos kokybės gyvenamasis užstatymas ir žavi urbanistinė aplinka gali daug pasiūlyti įvairioms gyventojų grupėms: studentams, profesionalams, šeimoms ir vyresnio amžiaus žmonėms.

FEATURES OF COMPOSITION IN THE ART OF CHILDREN’S BOOKS BY ARTHUR RACKHAM

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-149
Author(s):  
Anna O. Bel'skaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Book Design ◽  
Book Illustration ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts

The article studies the book illustration by the English artist Arthur Rackham (1867–1939), the features of his work in the context of time and the experience that can be used in the process of teaching the book design and illustration. Here, research interest is focused on six main techniques that the artist actively used when illustrating in the children’s books in England in the late 19 – early 20th century. The name of A. Rackham and his graphics, are entirely associated with the English Art Nouveau. Having studied the graphic heritage of A. Rackham, on the example of his seven illustrations for children’s books, one can trace how A. Rackham’s creative credo was formed. The artist managed to move away from imitation of the English Victorian style, the Eastern and Western charts, medieval manuscripts and came to his own version of the Neo-Gothic in the art of the English book

The Theoretical Foundations and Historical Development of Interdisciplinarity

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nasser Al-Suqri ◽  
Salim Said AlKindi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Over Time

The concept of interdisciplinarity has a long history but interpretations of this term and the importance of interdisciplinarity in research and education have varied over time. This chapter traces the theoretical understanding and historical development of interdisciplinarity to provide background and context for the book. First it examines the ways in which interdisciplinarity and similar phenomena have been conceptualized in the literature. A roughly chronological account of the main theoretical and empirical developments in interdisciplinarity is then set out, divided into three main periods dating from the early 20th century to the present day.

Psychoanalysis: A Creed in Decline

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Proper Place

Psychoanalysis is in decline. Its methods disbar it from serious consideration as a natural science and its claims to therapeutic efficacy are in tatters. The role it performed earlier in the century as part of the narrative knowledge of western culture is in eclipse. Trainees in psychiatry are still, however, on occasion seduced by its faded charms, to their detriment. The time has come to relegate psychoanalysis to its proper place as a moment in the historical development of psychiatry and a ripple in 20th century western culture.

Uruguayan Cinema in the 20th Century

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alex Richter
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Film Exhibition ◽  
Mass Publics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lumiere Brothers ◽  
Film Productions ◽  
Democratic Nation ◽  
The 1960S

Cinema began in Uruguay with the exhibition of foreign films by visiting representatives of the Lumière brothers in 1896 before the first Uruguayan film was produced and shown in 1898. From the early period of Uruguayan cinema to the end of the 20th century, Uruguayan national cinema struggled to exist in the estimation of critical observers. Considering these periods of growth and stagnation, this history of Uruguayan cinema seeks to shed light on the industry’s evolution by focusing on exhibition, production, and spectatorship. This essay explores Uruguay’s national film productions, transnational businesses in shaping local film exhibition, the growth of mass publics and critical spectatorship, and the significance of political filmmaking in understanding the evolution of Latin American cinema during the 1960s. The history of Uruguayan cinema during the 20th century also provides a lens for understanding the political, social, and cultural histories of a country that has struggled to live up to its reputation as South America’s “most democratic” nation.

Sectarianism in Iraq – a critique by Ali Al-Wardi

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Jabir Kadhem al-Zurfi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sociological Thought ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Impact

The Arab world today is encountering a destructive resurgence of sectarianism, which, up to a few years ago, had been confined to books and rhetorical debates. In the first half of the 20th century, Iraqi sociologist Ali Al-Wardi pioneered the critique of sectarianism in the Arab world. Unlike others, he approached the issue from a specific and unique perspective. His observations of Iraqi history were made from a sociological standpoint that aimed at revealing the impact of sectarianism on Iraqi politics. Al-Wardi's writings were carried out to two phases: the first extends from the early 1950s to the early 1960s; and the second covers the period between the publication of his two books, Study on the Nature of Iraqi Society (the year of publication is unknown) and Social Briefs from the Modern History of Iraq (1971). The first phase focused on Islam's heritage and a number of social phenomena; the second focused exclusively on the study of Iraqi society. A number of factors influenced Al-Wardi's personality and thinking, a fact especially evident in the kind of methodology he used, which was new when addressing the sectarian issue. Based on Al-Wardi's research, this paper traces the historical factors and process that affected the historical development of the divisions separating two main sects of Islam – Shi'a and Sunni – resulting in a duel between them, which led to the configuration of Iraqi society along sectarian lines. It elaborates on the methodology used by Al-Wardi in his studies of Iraqi society, as well as his attitude with regard to sectarianism in modern Iraq. It also explores the intellectual and political influences that helped shape his thinking in this domain and its legacy on sociological thought in the Arab world.

What is Heterodox About Alevism? The Development of Anti-Alevi Discrimination and Resentment

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Karolewski
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Aggressive Response ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Academic Field

AbstractThis article examines how the widespread denomination of the Alevi tradition as “heterodox Islam” was introduced in the academic field in the late 19th century. This denomination reflects the differentiation between Alevis and Sunnis, which originally did not base on religious differences but on the socio-political power struggle between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavids/Kızılbaş. First, the historical development of this conflict and the spread of anti-Safavid/Kızılbaş propaganda in the 16th century will be highlighted. Second, it will be illustrated how the Kızılbaş were 'rediscovered' by Westerners in the late 19th century. Then, the development of anti-Alevi discrimination and resentment in the 20th century will be described. Finally, Turkey's official line in regard to the Alevis' religious status and the Alevis' aggressive response to this will be shown.

scholarly journals The centenary of Assemblies of God in South Africa: Historical reflections on theological education and ministry formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelebogile T. Resane
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Church Planting ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
Assemblies Of God ◽  
Pentecostal Movement ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Ministry Formation

The Assemblies of God (AOG) celebrates its centenary in 2017. The paper aims to show the historical development of theological education and ministerial training and formation in this denomination. It starts by showing how internationally AOG embraced the Bible Institute movement as a way of evangelism, church planting and growth from the early decades of the 20th century after the birth of the Pentecostal Movement. Then there is a South African scenario, lamenting the de-emphasis of the importance of theological education, though there was emphasis on evangelism and missional endeavours on the grassroots. The research unfolds the development of institutions from 1949 to the present. All in all, 10 institutions are identified and briefly explained, some of them with their demise. The article concludes by historical reflections on what was taught and identifies the gaps by suggesting that the Pentecostal curriculum should be relevant to the context of Africa by embracing inclusivity: Hidden Curriculum, Gender Studies, Inculturation and Liberation ideals and renaissance of pneumatology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document