Potencial de Bactérias para Biocontrole do Mofo Branco e Produção de Compostos Relacionados ao Sistema de Defesa em Plantas de Soja

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de bactérias, na promoção de crescimento, produção de compostos de defesa e no biocontrole do mofo branco em folhas destacadas de duas cultivares de soja. Os ensaios foram realizados com as bactérias antagonistas FIT09 (Bacillus cereus) e FIT62 (B. thuringensis), do fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e com as cultivares de soja M6210 IPRO e Brasmax Garra IPRO. Nos ensaios in vivo foram avaliados a capacidade das bactérias na promoção do crescimento de plantas de soja e na constituição dos compostos secundários produzidos pelas plantas oriundas de sementes microbiolizadas com suspensões bacterianas. Além disso, os ensaios de biocontrole do mofo branco, foram realizados com folhas destacadas em estádio V3, as quais foram pulverizadas com as suspensões das bactérias FIT09 e FIT62. As bactérias FIT09 e FIT62 apresentaram compatibilidade com B. japonicum e no ensaio de biocontrole com folhas destacadas, verificou-se que a FIT 09 reduziu o diâmetro das lesões necróticas causadas por S. sclerotiorum em ambas cultivares de soja avaliadas em teste de folhas destacadas. No ensaio de promoção de crescimento, as bactérias aumentaram o poder germinativo na cultivar M6210 IPRO. Para a avaliação da análise fitoquímica, as bactérias auxiliaram positivamente na produção dos compostos relacionados ao sistema de defesa. Palavras-chave: Metabólitos Secundários. Fitoquímica. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Bacillus, Glycine max Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacteria, in the promotion of growth, production of compounds of defens, and in the biocontrol of white mold in detached leaves of two soybean cultivars. The tests were performed with the antagonist bacteria FIT09 (Bacillus cereus) and FIT62 (B. thuringensis), with the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and with the soybean cultivars M6210 IPRO and Brasmax Garra IPRO. In vivo tests evaluated the capacity of bacteria to promote the growth of soybean plants and the constitution of secondary compounds produced by plants from microbiolized seeds with bacterial suspensions. In addition, white mold biocontrol bioassays were carried out with detached leaves in stage V3 and they were sprayed with suspensions of the bacteria FIT09 and FIT62.The bacteria FIT09 and FIT62 were compatible with B. japonicum and in the biocontrol assay with detached leaves, it was found that FIT09 promoted superior control of 70% against the disease in both cultivars, however the disease did not manifest in the assay in plants. In the growth promotion test, the bacteria increased the germinative power in cultivar M6210 IPRO, for the assessment of fresh and dry mass there were no differences and for phytochemical analysis, the bacteria positively helped in the production of compounds related to the defense system. Keywords: Secondary Metabolites. Phytochemistry, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Bacillus, Glycine max

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Seleção e Prospecção de Rizobactérias para o Controle Biológico do Mofo Branco em Espécies de Crotalaria spp

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2018v22n2p90-96 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Laís Mayara Melo Duré ◽

Lara Rezek Rochaa ◽

Ellen Juliete Damasceno Capurro ◽

Bianca Obês Corrêa

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Seed Pathology ◽

Seed Analysis ◽

Detached Leaves

O objetivo do trabalho foi isolar micro-organismos de diferentes nichos e avaliar a capacidade dos mesmos no controle de patógenos invitro (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Fusarium solani) e in vivo (S. sclerotiorum), além da promoção do crescimento de Crotalaria sp. Asamostras de solo foram pesadas e diluídas para obtenção dos micro-organismos. Nos testes in vitro, as colônias bacterianas, que apresentaram crescimento, foram submetidas ao confrontamento direto com os fungos fitopatogênicos. Para análise fisiológica das sementes de Crotalaria sp, as sementes foram distribuídas em caixas gerbox contendo papel filtro umedecido com água destilada e incubadas a 20-30 ºC por 10 dias. Também foram testadas a antibiose de escleródios em meio líquido. O delineamento usado foi DIC e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparados por Tukey a 0,5%. Além disso, foi realizada a patologia de sementes tratadas com as bactérias Fit-03 e Fit-04, além da microbiolização das sementes para avaliação da promoção do crescimento em casa de vegetação. Dos 51 isolados, seis foram capazes de produzir substâncias capazes de inibir o crescimento micelial do F. solani e três de S. sclerotiorum. Na avaliação da capacidade de controle de micro-organismos sobre as sementes das duas espécies de Crotalaria sp, Fit-03 e Fit-04 reduziram a incidência de fungos como Aspergillus e Penicillium. Pode-se afirmar que os isolados Fit-03 e Fit-04 apresentam potencial de uso no controle biológico do mofo branco em plantas de Crotalaria sp., bem como amplo espectro de ação.Palavras-chave: Antibiose. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microbiolização de Sementes.AbstractThe objective was to isolate microorganisms of different niches and assess the ability of these in vitro control pathogens (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium solani) and in vivo (S. sclerotiorum) in addition to promoting the growth of Crotalaria sp. Soil samples were weighed and diluted to obtain the microorganisms. In in vitro tests the bacterial colonies that grew were subjected to direct confrontation with the pathogenic fungi. For physiological seed analysis Crotalaria sp. the seeds were distributed in gerbox boxes containing filter paper moistened with distilled water and incubated at 20-30 ° C for 10 days. Antibiosis sclerotia were also tested in liquid medium. The design used was DIC and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey 0.5%. In addition, there was the seed pathology treated with the Fit-03 bacteria and Fit-04, in addition to microbiolization seeds for evaluation of growth promotion in greenhouse and also spraying the same in detached leaves of C. junceae and C. spectabillis and pathogen inoculation. After 51 isolates, six were able to produce substances capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. solani and three S. sclerotiorum. In the evaluation of microorganisms control capability on the seeds of the two species of Crotalaria sp, Fit-Fit-03 and 04 reduced the incidence of fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. It can be said that the Fit-03 isolated and Fit-04 have potential use in biological control of white mold in plant Crotalaria sp., as well as a broad spectrum of action.Keywords: Antibiosis. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microbiolization seeds.

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Biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and white mold of soybean using saprobic fungi from semi-arid areas of Northeastern Brazil

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/0100-5405/2086 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 251-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Daiane Cristina Martins Barros ◽

Inês Cristina de Batista Fonseca ◽

Maria Isabel Balbi-Peña ◽

Sérgio Florentino Pascholati ◽

Douglas Casaroto Peitl

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

White Mold ◽

Lesion Length ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Saprobic Fungi ◽

Previously Treated

ABSTRACTThe incidence and the levels of yield loss caused by the white mold of soybean (caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) have increased in areas of higher altitude at Cerrado and Southern Brazil, causing yield losses of up to 60%. The aim of this study was to select saprobic fungi with the potential to control the white mold of soybean. First, in vitroantagonism screening was carried out to test eight saprobic fungi against S. sclerotiorum. Assessment of S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth was done at four and seven days after its placement on the culture medium. The isolate showing greatest antagonistic effect in all tests/assessments was Myrothecium sp. An in vivo experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and growth chamber, where plants previously treated with eight saprobic fungi were artificially inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. The fungal culture medium (potato-dextrose) and the commercial resistance inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl were used as controls. In the in vivotests, severity of the white mold was assessed at 8, 14 and 21 days after inoculation. The highest reduction percentage in the lesion length was observed for the treatment with Myrothecium sp. (70%), which has the greater potential to be used as biocontrol agent of soybean under the conditions of this experiment.

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White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), friend or foe: Cytotoxic and mutagenic activities in vitro and in vivo

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2015.11.029 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 27-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Luciana Azevedo ◽

Daniela Aparecida Chagas-Paula ◽

Hyemee Kim ◽

Aline Cristina Monteiro Roque ◽

Kris Simone Tranches Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

White Mold

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Biological control of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in lettuce using Brazilian Trichoderma spp. strains

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.06.p1214 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 803-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gerarda Beatriz Pinto da Silva ◽

Leise Inês Heckler ◽

Miria Durigon ◽

Ricardo Feliciano dos Santos ◽

Maike Lovato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Large Scale ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

White Mold ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Scale Production ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

History Of

Widely consumed by the Brazilian, lettuce has a cultivated area of 35,000 ha. Among the diseases that might infect this crop, white mold causes major concerns for producers. Mold is caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bar. It can lead to losses of up to 100% in lettuce. The objectives of this study were assessment of antagonistic effect of Trichoderma spp. isolates, grown and prepared on rice grain, on white mold of lettuce (S. sclerotiorum). The assay was conducted using 12 Trichoderma spp. isolates, four of which came from at least a year of storage at 4ºC, four from areas with a history of the disease and four from areas without a history of the disease. Both fungi were grown on wet rice grains and only Trichoderma strains was dried and ground to be used in the next assay. The experiment was completely randomized in a factorial 12x2 design (Trichoderma spp. × substrate inoculated or not with S. sclerotiorum) and control plants without any of the fungi. The percentage of survived plants was analyzed using AUDPC, number of leaves, stem diameter, length of root system, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, and total dry matter. The results showed that all Trichoderma spp. were capable of lettuce growth promotion in the presence and absence of S. sclerotiorum. The isolates that showed the best biocontrol of S. sclerotiorum were TC1.15 and WM-13. To promote growth, the best isolates were UFSMT15.1 and WM-13, suggesting that the latter presents desirable characteristics for biocontrol, including excellent feasibility for large-scale production, good antagonistic activity to S. sclerotiorum and the ability to stimulate growth promotion in lettuce.

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Changes in L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and isoflavone phytoalexins accumulation in soybean seedlings infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-013-0201-1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 921-929

Author(s):

Djordje Malenčić ◽

Jelena Cvejić ◽

Vesna Tepavčević ◽

Mira Bursać ◽

Biljana Kiprovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Pal Activity ◽

Isoflavone Content ◽

Lyase Activity ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activity

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars (Meli, Alisa, Sava and 1511/99) were grown up to V1 phase (first trifoliate and one node above unifoliate) and then inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary under controlled conditions. Changes in L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and isoflavone phytoalexins were recorded 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the inoculation. Results showed an increase in PAL activity in all four examined soybean cultivars 48 h after the inoculation, being the highest in Alisa (2-fold higher). Different contents of total daidzein, genistein, glycitein and coumestrol were detected in all samples. Alisa and Sava increased their total isoflavone content (33.9% and 6.2% higher than control, respectively) as well as 1511/99, although 48 h after the inoculation its content decreased significantly. Meli exhibited the highest rate of coumestrol biosynthesis (72 h after the inoculation) and PAL activity (48 h after the inoculation). All investigated cultivars are invariably susceptible to this pathogen. Recorded changes could point to possible differences in mechanisms of tolerance among them.

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GROWTHROOM EVALUATION OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS FOR RESISTANCE TO Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps86-075 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 559-564 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

G. J. BOLAND ◽

R. HALL

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Soybean Cultivars

Forty-three soybean (Glycine max) cultivars were evaluated for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the growthroom by a modified limited-term-inoculation (LTI) method to determine whether any were more resistant than Evans. Cultivars were compared with Evans in small tests; those appearing to be more resistant were advanced for further testing. Averaged over three trials, Corsoy 79, Hodgson, Hawk and Pioneer 1677 were significantly (P = 0.05) more resistant than Evans. These same cultivars and Pioneer 0877, Maple Arrow, OAC 1981–3, Apache, Ozzie, and OAC 1981–4 were also more resistant than Evans in the last trial.Key words: Soybean, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, disease resistance

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Bacterial suppression of basal pod rot and end rot of dry peas caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m93-032 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 227-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

H. C. Huang ◽

E. G. Kokko ◽

L. J. Yanke ◽

R. C. Phillippe

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Development Stage ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Microscopic Studies

Morphological and biochemical characteristics indicate that the two bacterial strains used in this study belong to Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland. Tests in vitro revealed that strains of B. cereus differ in their antagonistic activities on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Vegetative growth and ascospore germination of S. sclerotiorum were inhibited by diffusible metabolites induced by B. cereus strain alf-87A, but were unaffected by strain B43. In vivo studies showed that the antagonistic strain alf-87A, when sprayed onto pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) at the pod development stage, reduced the incidence of basal pod rot from infection by airborne ascospores of S. sclerotiorum by 39–55%. This treatment also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the severity of basal pod rot by decreasing lesion size. Strain alf-87A significantly reduced the incidence of end pod rot. Spraying pea plants with strain B43 of B. cereus was not consistently effective in reducing basal and end pod rots. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that both strains of B. cereus could colonize senescing pea stamens but only the antagonistic strain alf-87A was consistently effective in controlling sclerotinia basal and end pod rots of dry peas.Key words: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Bacillus cereus, basal pod rot, end pod rot, stamens, ascospores, apothecia.

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Antagonism of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of bean by fungi from bean and rapeseed flowers

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b89-225 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 1775-1781 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

G. J. Boland ◽

G. D. Inglis

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

White Mold ◽

Lesion Diameter ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Ascospore Germination ◽

Detached Leaves ◽

White Bean ◽

Fusarium Heterosporum

Filamentous fungi from white bean and rapeseed flowers were isolated, characterized, and evaluated for potential as antagonists to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Various fungi were isolated from surface-sterilized petals sampled from four developmental stages ranging from freshly opened flowers to petals that had lodged on plant surfaces. Alternaria and Cladosporium spp. were the dominant mycoflora and were isolated from 65–100% of the petals that developed fungal colonies. All isolates, except one, restricted ascospore germination by the pathogen on water agar by 16–66%, and 13 of 28 isolates restricted mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar by 29–46%. Bean flowers were inoculated with spore suspensions of S. sclerotiorum and of individual antagonists and were then placed on detached bean leaves, bean seedlings, and flowering bean plants. On detached leaves in a laboratory environment, 16 of 28 isolates suppressed white mold lesion diameter by 10–100%. On bean seedlings in a growth room, 8 isolates suppressed the percentage of flowers developing lesions by 42–100%, and 12 of 13 isolates reduced mean lesion diameter by 14–100%. On flowering bean plants in a greenhouse, 6 of 11 isolates suppressed the percentage of flowers developing lesions by 14–90 %. The most disease-suppressive fungi included isolates of Drechslera sp., Epicoccum purpurascens, Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium heterosporum; isolates of Myrothecium verrucaria and Trichoderma viride were effective in some trials.

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