Antagonism of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of bean by fungi from bean and rapeseed flowers

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Boland ◽  
G. D. Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Lesion Diameter ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Ascospore Germination ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Fusarium Heterosporum

Filamentous fungi from white bean and rapeseed flowers were isolated, characterized, and evaluated for potential as antagonists to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Various fungi were isolated from surface-sterilized petals sampled from four developmental stages ranging from freshly opened flowers to petals that had lodged on plant surfaces. Alternaria and Cladosporium spp. were the dominant mycoflora and were isolated from 65–100% of the petals that developed fungal colonies. All isolates, except one, restricted ascospore germination by the pathogen on water agar by 16–66%, and 13 of 28 isolates restricted mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar by 29–46%. Bean flowers were inoculated with spore suspensions of S. sclerotiorum and of individual antagonists and were then placed on detached bean leaves, bean seedlings, and flowering bean plants. On detached leaves in a laboratory environment, 16 of 28 isolates suppressed white mold lesion diameter by 10–100%. On bean seedlings in a growth room, 8 isolates suppressed the percentage of flowers developing lesions by 42–100%, and 12 of 13 isolates reduced mean lesion diameter by 14–100%. On flowering bean plants in a greenhouse, 6 of 11 isolates suppressed the percentage of flowers developing lesions by 14–90 %. The most disease-suppressive fungi included isolates of Drechslera sp., Epicoccum purpurascens, Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium heterosporum; isolates of Myrothecium verrucaria and Trichoderma viride were effective in some trials.

scholarly journals Potencial de Bactérias para Biocontrole do Mofo Branco e Produção de Compostos Relacionados ao Sistema de Defesa em Plantas de Soja

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Denise Pauletto Spanhol ◽  
José Rogerio De Oliveira ◽  
Bianca Obes Corrêa ◽  
Ismail Teodoro de Souza Junior ◽  
Marcelo Vedovatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Detached Leaves

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de bactérias, na promoção de crescimento, produção de compostos de defesa e no biocontrole do mofo branco em folhas destacadas de duas cultivares de soja. Os ensaios foram realizados com as bactérias antagonistas FIT09 (Bacillus cereus) e FIT62 (B. thuringensis), do fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e com as cultivares de soja M6210 IPRO e Brasmax Garra IPRO. Nos ensaios in vivo foram avaliados a capacidade das bactérias na promoção do crescimento de plantas de soja e na constituição dos compostos secundários produzidos pelas plantas oriundas de sementes microbiolizadas com suspensões bacterianas. Além disso, os ensaios de biocontrole do mofo branco, foram realizados com folhas destacadas em estádio V3, as quais foram pulverizadas com as suspensões das bactérias FIT09 e FIT62. As bactérias FIT09 e FIT62 apresentaram compatibilidade com B. japonicum e no ensaio de biocontrole com folhas destacadas, verificou-se que a FIT 09 reduziu o diâmetro das lesões necróticas causadas por S. sclerotiorum em ambas cultivares de soja avaliadas em teste de folhas destacadas. No ensaio de promoção de crescimento, as bactérias aumentaram o poder germinativo na cultivar M6210 IPRO. Para a avaliação da análise fitoquímica, as bactérias auxiliaram positivamente na produção dos compostos relacionados ao sistema de defesa. Palavras-chave: Metabólitos Secundários. Fitoquímica. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Bacillus, Glycine max   Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacteria, in the promotion of growth, production of compounds of defens, and in the biocontrol of white mold in detached leaves of two soybean cultivars. The tests were performed with the antagonist bacteria FIT09 (Bacillus cereus) and FIT62 (B. thuringensis), with the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and with the soybean cultivars M6210 IPRO and Brasmax Garra IPRO. In vivo tests evaluated the capacity of bacteria to promote the growth of soybean plants and the constitution of secondary compounds produced by plants from microbiolized seeds with bacterial suspensions. In addition,  white mold biocontrol bioassays were carried out with detached leaves in stage V3 and they were sprayed with suspensions of the bacteria FIT09 and FIT62.The bacteria FIT09 and FIT62 were compatible with B. japonicum and in the biocontrol assay with detached leaves, it was found that FIT09 promoted superior control of 70% against the disease in both cultivars, however the disease did not manifest in the assay in plants. In the growth promotion test, the bacteria increased the germinative power in cultivar M6210 IPRO, for the assessment of fresh and dry mass there were no differences and for phytochemical analysis, the bacteria positively helped in the production of compounds related to the defense system.   Keywords: Secondary Metabolites. Phytochemistry, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Bacillus, Glycine max

Numbers and distribution of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in relation to white mold of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Boland ◽  
R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
White Bean

Relationships between the distribution and numbers of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and the distribution and incidence of white mold of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated in a field plot at Arkell, Ont., in 1981 and 1982. The spatial distributions of both apothecia and disease were aggregated and were most consistently described by the negative binomial distribution, although the Poisson, Poisson binomial and logarithmic with zeros distributions were also significant for some sampling dates. Numbers of apothecia were correlated with disease incidence within areas 1.4 (r = 0.07–0.67), 36 (r = 0.11–0.72), and 108 m2 (r = 0.21–0.95). The quantitative relationships between apothecia within a field of beans and the incidence of white mold may be useful in predicting the disease.

Comparing the Fungicide Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Using Mycelial Growth and Ascospore Germination Assays

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miller da Silva Lehner ◽  
Kaique Alves ◽  
Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte ◽  
Sarah Jane Pethybridge
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Ascospore Germination ◽  
Sensitivity Tests

The infection of the floral tissues of snap bean and other crops by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causative agent of white mold, is by ascospores. Irrespective of the fungicide mode of action being evaluated, in vitro fungicide sensitivity tests are conducted almost exclusively using mycelial growth assays. This is likely due to difficulties and time involved in sclerotial conditioning required to produce apothecia and ascospores. The objective of this research was to compare estimates of fungicide sensitivity between mycelial growth and ascospore germination assays for S. sclerotiorum. Sensitivity assays were conducted using serial doses of three fungicides commonly used to control white mold: boscalid, fluazinam, and thiophanate-methyl. A total of 27 isolates were evaluated in replicated trials conducted for each fungicide and assay type. The effective concentration to reduce mycelial growth or ascospore germination by 50% (EC50) was estimated for each isolate, fungicide, assay type, and trial. The median EC50 values obtained from ascospore germination assays were 52.7, 10.0, and 2.7 times higher than those estimated from the mycelial growth for boscalid, fluazinam, and thiophanate-methyl, respectively. No significant correlation was found between EC50 values estimated by the two methods. These findings highlight differences that may be important in evaluating the sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum given the fungicide mode of action and how they will be used in the field.

Interactions between Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Epicoccum purpurascens

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2503-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Zhou ◽  
R. D. Reeleder ◽  
S. A. Sparace
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Ascospore Germination

Sterile culture filtrates of Epicoccum purpurascens decreased severity of white mold of bean and increased pod yield when applied prior to inoculation of beans with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Extracts of these culture filtrates inhibited ascospore germination and mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum. Similar inhibition of hyphal growth of S. sclerotiorum occurred when dual cultured with E. purpurascens. Contact and penetration of hyphae of S. sclerotiorum by hyphae of E. purpurascens occurred rarely on agar-covered slides and was not observed on flower petals. Inhibition of ascospore germination and germ-tube elongation occurred on agar-covered slides where E. purpurascens had been grown previously; however, addition of nutrients decreased inhibition. Colonization of bean flowers by E. purpurascens reduced white mold incidence. The degree of disease control was affected by addition of nutrients and whether or not colonized flowers were autoclaved. Key words: antifungal compounds, competition, biological control, white mold, Phaseolus.

Evaluation of filamentous fungi isolated from petals of bean and rapeseed for suppression of white mold

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Inglis ◽  
G. J. Boland
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Fusarium Heterosporum

The influence of filamentous fungi isolated from petals of bean and rapeseed on white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was evaluated. In laboratory trials, macerates of agar plugs containing hyphal fragments of the pathogen in combination with individual fungi were applied onto celery petioles, and subsequent lesion diameters were recorded. The efficacy of 10 fungi exhibiting a spectrum of lesion suppression on celery was correlated with the efficacy of the same fungi in growth-room (r = 0.78, P = 0.005) and greenhouse (r = 0.68, P = 0.032) trials. From 315 isolates of fungi evaluated in the laboratory trials, the 10 most suppressive isolates were selected and evaluated in growth-room trials. Spores of the test fungi were applied onto flowers simultaneously with, and up to 24 h after, inoculation with ascospores of S. sclerotiorum. The most suppressive fungi included isolates of Alternaria alternata, Drechslera sp., Epicoccum purpurascens, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium heterosporum, and Myrothecium verrucaria. These fungi did not provide consistent control of white mold of bean in a field test repeated four times in 1988. However, Drechslera sp. and E. purpurascens significantly reduced the incidence of white mold in one and two trials, respectively. Combination treatments of A. alternata and Benlate (1.1 kg active ingredient ha−1) suppressed white mold significantly more than either treatment alone in one of four trials. Key words: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, biological control, fungicide interaction.

TOLERANCE TO WHITE MOLD (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary) IN EX RICO 23, A CULTIVAR OF WHITE BEAN(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. TU ◽  
W. D. BEVERSDORF
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Small Plot

Ex Rico 23, a cultivar of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) introduced into Canada from Columbia, showed tolerance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in an Ontario White Bean Variety Test at a site having severe white mold infection in 1978. Other entries, including the recommended cultivars, Fleetwood, Kentwood and Seafarer, suffered severe white mold infection and yield loss. The tolerant characteristic of Ex Rico 23 was confirmed experimentally in 1980 in both small-plot and large-scale plantings. In a field with severe white mold infection in Fleetwood, Ex Rico 23 had consistently lower disease incidence and a slower rate of disease spread. The yield loss in 1980 for Ex Rico 23 was minimal, but for Fleetwood was approximately 25 and 50% in a small-plot and a large-scale planting, respectively. The application of benomyl for disease control did not significantly increase the yield of dry beans.

scholarly journals Antagonism of saprobe fungi from semiarid areas of the Northeast of Brazil against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and biocontrol of soybean white mold

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2597-2612
Author(s):  
Douglas Casaroto Peitl ◽  
◽  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo Gonçalves ◽  
Sérgio Florentino Pascholati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Saprobe Fungi ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Ascospore Germination ◽  
Semiarid Areas ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Commercial Fungicide

The antagonistic activity of 25 saprobe fungi from semiarid areas of Northeast Brazil was evaluated against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae). Four fungi [Myrothecium sp. Tode (Hypocreales: Stachybotryaceae) isolate 2, Volutella minima Höhn. (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), Phialomyces macrosporus P.C. Misra & P.H.B. Talbot (Pezizomycotina) and Dictyosporium tetraseriale Goh, Yanna & K.D. Hyde (Pleosporales: Dictyosporiaceae)] were selected and further tested their ability to inhibit mycelial growth, sclerotia formation and ascospore germination of S. sclerotiorum and to control white mold on soybean plants. V. minima and P. macrosporus filtrates at 50% effectively suppressed mycelial growth and Myrothecium sp. isolate 2 completely suppressed sclerotia formation and inhibited ascospore germination by over 95%, the same result as commercial fungicide fluazinam. Soybean plants pre-treated with Myrothecium sp. isolate 2, P. macrosporus, and V. minima and inoculated with S. sclerotiorum showed a reduction of 55.8%, 79.7%, and 83.2% of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of white mold, respectively, in relation to water. Collectively, these results underline the antagonistic activity of V. minima, P. macrosporus, and Myrothecium sp. isolate 2 against S. sclerotiorum and their potential as biocontrol agents of soybean white mold.

EX RICO 23 WHITE BEAN

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1018
Author(s):  
W.D. BEVERSDORF ◽  
D.J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
White Bean

Ex Rico 23 is a white (navy) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) adapted to field bean production in southwestern Ontario. It exhibits much more tolerance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary) than other cultivars, along with good agronomic performance and cooking quality.

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