scholarly journals Advantages of “Soft Steroids” in the Treatment of Inflammatory Eye Diseases. Оverview

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-783
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Maychuk ◽  
A. A. Tarkhanova
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Activity ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Mucin Expression ◽  
Combination Drugs ◽  
Ocular Pressure

The purpose to assess the benefits of using soft steroids in the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders according to literature data.Methods. The literature review concerning the administration of the gluco-corticosteroids and combination drugs based on gluco-corticosteroid for the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders. Both Russian and foreign sources for the 1980–2021 period were analyzed.The results. The combination drugs containing anti-infective drugs and gluco-corticosteroids are actively applied for the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders. That exerts joint ethiopathogenetic effect on the disorder. However, gluco-corticosteroid being a part of such drugs (predominantly dexamethasone) as often as not leads to ocular hypertension. In order to deal with this problem the so-called soft steroids (also classified as gluco-corticosteroids) were introduced. They lessen the possibility of the ocular hypertension and are marked by high efficiency and increased safety profile. One of the representatives of soft steroids is fluorometholone. There is a large evidential base in the modern literature that confirms much lesser influence of fluorometholone on ocular pressure if compared to dexamethasone. At the same time, dexamethasone has a higher anti-inflammatory activity, while on the other hand, its systemic immunosuppressive activity is lower. What is more, in terms of influence on the ocular surfaces, dexamethasone has an additional advantage which is causing mucin expression in conjuctival and corneal epithelium. The above mentioned merits of dexamethasone served as basis for its inclusion into the combination drug called Floas-T which is essentially the combination of tobramycin 0.3 % and fluorometholone 0.1 %. It is used in the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases and diseases of eye appendages, as well as for profylaxis of the diseases in the postoperative period.Conclusion. Combination drugs containing anti-infective components and gluco-corticosteroids seem to be highly promising for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases. One of them worth highlighting is Floas-T classified as soft steroids containing tobramycin and fluorometholone. It compares to dexamethasone favourably in terms of efficiency, while contributing less to ocular hypertension.

Local antibiotic therapy of bacterial infectious and inflammatory diseases of the anterior segment of the eye (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
A.E. Babushkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Antibiotic ◽  
Topical Antimicrobial

Inflammatory eye diseases are one of the most important problems of ophthalmology. They can be caused by various pathogens of the infection, which is still more often bacterial. Therapy of bacterial inflammatory diseases of the eye involves the use of antibacterial drugs (sulfonamides, antiseptics, nitrofurans, etc.), among which antibiotics are of primary importance. Of this group of drugs, in this review article, special attention is paid to quinolones, mainly synthetic fluoroquinolones, which are distinguished by a wide range of bactericidal action, fairly high efficiency, low level of resistance of microorganisms to it and the frequency of side effects, as well as good tolerability by patients, i.e. they best meet the requirements for modern topical antimicrobial agents. In certain clinical situations and indications, it is advisable to use ophthalmic antiseptics and combined preparations containing several antibiotics of different effects at once, or an antibiotic and a corticosteroid. Key words: infectious and inflammatory eye diseases, antibacterial agents, antibiotics, combined preparations, antiseptics.

Timolol eyedrops (timoptol) for glaucoma

1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Timolol Maleate ◽  
Topical Preparation ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking

β-Adrenergic blocking agents given systemically reduce intra-ocular pressure,1 but until recently their topical use in glaucoma was limited by ocular and systemic adverse reactions. Timolol maleate eyedrops (Timoptol - MSD) is the first topical preparation of a β-blocker that is sufficiently well tolerated to be useful in chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma and in ocular hypertension (raised intra-ocular pressure without damage to the eye).

Effect of Dorzolamide and Timolol on Ocular Pressure: Blood Flow Relationship in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Fuchsjäger-Mayrl ◽  
Michael Georgopoulos ◽  
Anton Hommer ◽  
Günther Weigert ◽  
Berthold Pemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Ocular Pressure

scholarly journals Simultaneous Quantification of Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Ibuprofen in Fixed Dose Combination Drug Using HPLC with UV Detection

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. Darkwah ◽  
Christopher K. Acquah ◽  
Paul S. Lambon ◽  
David K. Ameko ◽  
Omotayo Akanji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Uv Detection ◽  
Fixed Dose Combination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Combination Drugs ◽  
Dose Combination

Combination therapy of analgesics is well suited for pain management especially in elderly patients and, has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Drug analysis plays an important role in the development, manufacture and therapeutic use of drug. In this study, a suitable, cost effective Isocratic HPLC-UV method (Reversed Phase) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Ibuprofen in fixed dose combination drugs, using a mobile phase combination of methanol and 0.025M Phosphate buffer –(adjusted to pH 3.2 with Orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio 85:15.A Vertex Column-Eurospher C18 (250 x 4.6 mm), flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at 25°C were the chromatographic conditions. With Piroxicam as internal standard, quantification was achieved with UV detection at 225 nm based on the peak area responses. A good resolution and a short run time (7mins) were achieved with the validated conditions. In consequence, statistical evaluation at the 95% confidence limits revealed that, the method was Linear; with an average correlation coefficient (R = 0.995), and accurate - (mean recovery 99.45% for Acetaminophen, 100.10% for Caffeine and 99.28% for Ibuprofen). With an instrument and intermediate precision RSDs>2.0, the method was found to be specific, Robust, and more economical. Six formulated combination products on the Ghana market were assayed using the validated method. The Acetaminophen, Caffeine and Ibuprofen contents in the combination drugs varied from 97.35% to 103.88%.

scholarly journals EyeDiseases: an integrated resource for dedicating to genetic variants, gene expression and epigenetic factors of human eye diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yuan ◽  
Fukun Chen ◽  
Dandan Fan ◽  
Qi Jiang ◽  
Zhengbo Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Omics Data ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Disease Associated Genes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Candidate Loci

Abstract Eye diseases are remarkably common and encompass a large and diverse range of morbidities that affect different components of the visual system and visual function. With advances in omics technology of eye disorders, genome-scale datasets have been rapidly accumulated in genetics and epigenetics field. However, the efficient collection and comprehensive analysis of different kinds of omics data are lacking. Herein, we developed EyeDiseases (https://eyediseases.bio-data.cn/), the first database for multi-omics data integration and interpretation of human eyes diseases. It contains 1344 disease-associated genes with genetic variation, 1774 transcription files of bulk cell expression and single-cell RNA-seq, 105 epigenomics data across 185 kinds of human eye diseases. Using EyeDiseases, we investigated SARS-CoV-2 potential tropism in eye infection and found that the SARS-CoV-2 entry factors, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are highly correlated with cornea and keratoconus, suggest that ocular surface cells are susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, integrating analysis of Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) GWAS loci and co-expression data revealed 9 associated genes involved in HIF-1 signaling pathway and voltage-gate potassium channel complex. The EyeDiseases provides a valuable resource for accelerating the discovery and validation of candidate loci and genes contributed to the molecular diagnosis and therapeutic vulnerabilities with various eyes diseases.

scholarly journals Repurposing the Combination Drug of Favipiravir, Hydroxychloroquine and Oseltamivir as a Potential Inhibitor Against SARS-CoV-2: A Computational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Yadav ◽  
PAPIA CHOWDHURY
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Interaction Energies ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Interaction ◽  
Energy Interaction ◽  
Combination Drugs ◽  
The World

Abstract The virus SARS-CoV-2 has created a situation of global emergency all over the world from the last few months. We are witnessing a helpless situation due to COVID-19 as no vaccine or drug is effective against the disease. In the present study, we have tested the repurposing efficacy of some currently used combination drugs against COVID-19. We have tried to understand the mechanism of action of some repurposed drugs:Favipiravir (F), Hydroxychloroquine (H) and Oseltamivir (O). The ADME analysis have suggested strong inhibitory possibility of F, H, O combination towards receptor protein of 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The strong binding affinity, number of hydrogen bond interaction between inhibitor, receptor and lower inhibition constant computed from molecular docking validated the better complexation possibility of F + H + O:3CLprocombination. Various thermodynamical output from Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations like potential energy (Eg), temperature (T), density, pressure, SASA energy, interaction energies, Gibbs free energy (ΔGbind) etc., also favored the complexation between F + H + O and CoV-2 protease. Our in-silico results have recommended the strong candidature of combination drugs Favipiravir, Hydroxychloroquine and Oseltamivir as a potential lead inhibitor for targeting SARS-CoV-2 infections.

scholarly journals Mild asthma: from paradoxes to therapy optimization

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
R. S. Fassakhov
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Mild Asthma ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Combination Drugs ◽  
Beta 2

Exacerbations of bronchial asthma are specific not only for severe, but also for mild disease course. Analysis of the causes revealed paradoxes in the treatment that contribute to the uncontrolled course of mild asthma. A promising direction is the use of combination drugs containing a early-onset beta-2-agonist and inhaled glucocorticosteroid, which can significantly improve adherence to treatment and significantly improve control and reduce the number of exacerbations. The review discusses in detail the merits of the combination drug SabaComb, its place in the recommendations for the treatment of mild asthma.

scholarly journals The Interface Between Psychiatry and Ophthalmology

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Evgenii Sadykov ◽  
Jan Studnička ◽  
Ladislav Hosák ◽  
Mikela-Rafaella Siligardou ◽  
Hajer Elfurjani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Key Words Psychiatry ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Examination Methods

Objective: The aim of this article is to review the interface between psychiatry and ophthalmology at several levels, such as the influence of psychopharmacology on eye disorders, the occurrence of psychiatric symptoms in eye diseases, and the neuroophthalmological examination methods supporting the validity of psychiatric diagnoses. Materials and Methods: We searched the PubMed computer database for the key words “Psychiatry” and “Ophthalmology” on the 28th of August, 2018 to obtain relevant articles which were consequently summarized. Results: The results showed that most patients with ocular disease simultaneously have one or more psychiatric symptoms. We also found a prevalence of eye-related side effects in patients who use psychiatric drugs. At the same time, we observed that some ophthalmology methods of diagnostics can be used as diagnostic tools in psychiatry. Conclusions: Most studies showed a significant relation between psychiatry and ophthalmology, such as eye symptoms and diseases following long-term use of psychotropics as well as psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in patients with eye disorders. Our review may be beneficial to psychiatrists, ophthalmologists, and, last but not least, the patients themselves.

Management of a patient with viral conjunctivitis on an outpatient basis: a case of acute viral conjunctivitis in a patient with hay fever

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Захарова
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽  
Wide Range

На долю конъюнктивита приходится 33% всех случаев заболеваний глаз. Конъюнктивит, или воспаление конъюнктивы, относится к ее наиболее частым заболеваниям. Независимо от этиологии клинические проявления примерно одинаковые. На прием в поликлинику приходят пациенты с жалобами на светобоязнь, ощущение инородного тела, покраснение склер, зуд, боль, слезотечение, отек век. Первой целью офтальмолога является дифференциация между вирусным и бактериальным конъюнктивитом. Вторым этапом необходимо провести детальный дифференциальный анализ между нозологиями. Для решения этих задач врачу необходимо провести детальный сбор жалоб и анамнеза, а также биомикроскопию переднего отрезка глаза. Вирусные заболевания глаз представляют собой серьезную медико-социальную проблему. Вирусы – одна из наиболее частых причин инфекционного поражения наружных структур глаза с широким спектром возможных проявлений – от легкого преходящего конъюнктивита до более серьезных состояний, при которых поражение конъюнктивы и роговицы может приводить к рубцеванию, что в некоторых случаях ведет к слепоте. Такие возбудители, как аденовирус, пикорнавирус, вирусы простого герпеса и герпеса зостер, могут вызывать изолированный конъюнктивит, однако нередко они поражают также роговицу и веки. В последние годы отмечается рост распространенности аденовирусных конъюнктивитов. Заболевание отличается высокой частотой встречаемости и поражает все возрастные группы. Рост заболеваемости приходится на осенне-весенний период, когда вирусная контагиозность повышена. В клинической практике для местной терапии таких заболеваний, как вирусные (аденовирусные и герпетические) конъюнктивиты, кератиты, кератоконъюнктивиты, увеиты, с высокой эффективностью используются препараты интерферона. Conjunctivitis accounts for 33% of all eye diseases. Conjunctivitis, or inflammation of the conjunctiva, is one of its most common diseases. Regardless of the etiology, the clinical manifestations are approximately the same. Patients come to the clinics with complaints of photophobia, a feeling of a foreign body, red eye, itching, pain, lacrimation, hyperemia and swelling of the eyelids. The first goal of an ophthalmologist is to differentiate between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis. The second stage is to conduct a detailed differential analysis between nosologies. To solve these problems, the doctor needs to conduct a detailed collection of complaints and anamnesis, conducting a detailed biomicroscopy of the anterior segment of the eye. Viral eye diseases are a serious medical and social problem. Viruses are one of the most common causes of infection of the outer structures of the eye with a wide range of possible manifestations - from mild transient conjunctivitis to more serious conditions in which damage to the conjunctiva and cornea can lead to scarring, which in some cases leads to blindness. Pathogens such as adenovirus, picornavirus, herpes simplex virus and herpes zoster can cause isolated conjunctivitis, but they often also affect the cornea and eyelids. In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of adenoviral conjunctivitis. The disease has a high frequency of occurrence and affects all age groups The increase in morbidity occurs in the autumn-spring period, when viral contagiousness is increased. In clinical practice, for local therapy of diseases such as viral (adenoviral and herpetic) conjunctivitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, uveitis, interferon preparations are used with high efficiency.

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