Neither here, not there: Bulgaria and Romania in current European politics☆

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor D. Bojkov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
The Eu

The article analyses the process of EU enlargement with reference to the progress that Bulgaria and Romania have made within it. It is argued that leaving them out of the wave of accession finalised in May 2004 for ten of the candidate states, has placed them in a situation of double exclusion. Firstly, their geographical belonging to the region of Southeast Europe has been rendered non-essential by their advanced position within the EU enlargement process. Secondly, their achievement in economic and political transition has been removed from the progress of the ten states, which joined the EU in May 2004 by delaying the time of their accession. As a result, any efforts in regional cooperation and integration between Bulgaria and Romania on one hand, and other Southeast European states on the other, have been effectively cancelled. Moreover, in current European politics, the two countries have come to serve the unenviable role of exemplifying on the part of the European Union how progress is being awarded and hesitation punished.

scholarly journals Global and regional aspects for development of Serbia and the Balkans: The events from the past as a message for future

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-177
Author(s):  
Dejan Sabic ◽  
Mila Pavlovic ◽  
Snezana Vujadinovic ◽  
Miroljub Milincic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
International War ◽  
Further Development

In 2010 Serbia faced with many social, economical and political issues such as the economic crisis, unemployment, uncertain candidate for membership in the European Union, cooperation with the International War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague and others. Recurrences of the past are still being felt in the political than some of the European Union with Serbia. Serbia has a long way toward permanent membership, and to intensify regional cooperation in Southeast Europe (SEE) through active membership in regional organizations and initiatives. Although this region for many years been burdened with the past and lack of understanding among nations, the steppes of integration is still achieved and is still stricken by stereotyped comparisons with a barrel keg, and so damn yard. The aim of this paper is to point out some directions for further development of the region and review of the circumstances that have contributed to this state, to show the events of the past who may be a message for the future. .

The effects of the economic crisis on income convergence in the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Stanišić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Per Capita

This paper evaluates income convergence in the European Union, between “old” (EU15) and “new” member states from Central and East Europe (CEE10), and among the countries within these two groups. The GDP per capita convergence should be expected according to the exogenous economic growth model and neoclassical trade theory. The presence of σ-convergence and both absolute and conditional β-convergence is tested for on a sample of 25 European Union countries (EU25). Results confirm the existence of β-convergence of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity among EU25, but not among EU15 and CEE10 countries. σ-convergence has been confirmed among EU25 and CEE10 countries, while GDP per capita has been diverging in the EU15 group of countries. Moreover, the results reveal that recent economic crisis has reversed long-term tendencies and led to income convergence within EU15 and divergence within CEE10. During the crisis, the income differences among the EU25 countries have increased, but the scope and duration of this effect has been limited and has not affected the long term convergence path. However, the obtained long term speed of convergence is significantly lower compared with the previous researches.

scholarly journals European Union’s enlargement fatigue: Russia’s and China’s rise in Southeast Europe?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Markovic Khaze
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Business Elites ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
External Powers ◽  
The Eu

Enlargement fatigue has descended upon the European Union (EU) institutions, which remain focused on resolving the Brexit crisis and ongoing internal reforms. This multi-faceted phenomenon has directly caused the so-called accession fatigue in potential EU members, which are increasingly turning to other geopolitical alternatives. Russia and China are the new dominant powerbrokers in the EU’s immediate neighbourhood, courting political and business elites in EU candidate states and offering an alternative foreign policy option which contrasts with the stalled EU enlargement process. This paper discusses the rise of these external powers in the EU’s immediate neighbourhood, suggesting three scenarios for the future of the Balkan region where the EU, Russia and China are more vigorously vying for influence than ever before.

Income, Wealth, Employment, and Beyond

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-217
Author(s):  
Márton Medgyesi ◽  
István György Tóth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Competitive Markets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
The One

This chapter looks at trends in 10 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, exploring both convergence between these countries and the centre of the European Union on the one hand and comparative inequality trends within some of the CEE economies on the other. Time trends are presented from the beginning of the 1990s until the most recent available year. The aim is to explore patterns of income convergence and inequality developments experienced during and after the transition from non-democratic regimes and centrally planned economies to competitive markets and representative democracies. Attention is paid to between-country similarities and dissimilarities of the paths taken, attempting to find out whether homogeneity or heterogeneity dominates between the observed countries, both in relation to trends and results.

scholarly journals European Energy Law and its impact on Serbia progress, perspectives and possibilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Reich
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
Energy Law ◽  
The Eu

The European Energy Law will have great impact on Serbia and its renewable energy sector. The Energy Community is extending the European Union ("EU") internal energy market to Southeast Europe and beyond on the ground of legally binding treaty. Thus, Serbia, as a member of the Energy Community, has been committed to implement the relevant EU regulations concerning the energy sector step-by-step. Furthermore, the ability of Serbia to assume the obligations of membership is evaluated on the basis of the implementation of the EU Acquis. The energy sector? has been outlined by the European Commission as one of the fields where Serbia will have to undertake additional efforts to align with the acquis in the medium term. As the European Council granted Serbia the candidate status in March 2012, the EU will monitor the adoption of the EU Energy Acquis closely.

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