scholarly journals Hormonal contraception increases risk of breast tumor based on clinical breast examination among adult women

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Sulistyowati Tuminah Darjoko ◽  
Aprildah Nur Sapardin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Clinical Breast Examination ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Breast Examination ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Clinical Breast ◽  
Advanced Analysis

<p>Background<br />In Indonesia, cancer prevalence according to the Basic Health Research 2013 was 1.4 per 1000 inhabitants and the most common cancer in hospitalized patients in 2010 was breast cancer (28.7%). Hormonal contraception (HC) use increases the breast cancer risk, even though HC has been used by 210 million women in the world. We aimed to define the association of HC with breast tumors based on clinical breast examination (CBE).</p><p>Methods<br />A case-control design using secondary data from the baseline of the Cohort Study on the Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Disease (RFNCD) in 2011-2012 in 5 villages in Central Bogor District, Bogor City. Samples consisted of 152 cases and 152 controls. Cases comprised palpable tumors in one or both breasts CBE (+). Controls had no tumors in both breasts /CBE(-). Data were analyzed by logistic regression.</p><p>Results<br />Odds Ratio (OR) of CBE + was 1.83 (95% CI: 1.11-3.04; p=0.019) for HC user and 1.62 (95% CI: 1.01-2.60; p=0.044) for blood total cholesterol level &lt;200 mg/dL. OR of group CBE(+) was 1.01 (current smoking) and 0.49 (former smoking) compared with nonsmoking (p=0.082); OR was also 1.21 for subjects with one child and 1.77 for those without children, compared with those who had ³2 children (p=0.454).</p><p>Conclusion <br />Hormonal contraception use increases breast tumor risk 1.8-fold after controlling for total cholesterol, smoking status and parity. With the several limitations of this advanced analysis, investigations focused on types and duration of HC use are still necessary.</p>

scholarly journals Breast cancer awareness and downstaging practices among adult women in the Gulu City Main Market, Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Ayugi ◽  
George Ndagijimana ◽  
Stanley Luyima ◽  
David Lagoro Kitara
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Breast Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Cancer Awareness ◽  
Breast Examination ◽  
Clinical Breast ◽  
Self Examination

Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers that occur worldwide among women. There were more disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to breast cancer among women worldwide than any other cancers, and DALYs occurred in women globally after puberty, with increasing rates later in life. Improvements in breast cancer survival began in the 1980s in countries where early detection programs combined with different modes of treatment to eradicate the invasive form of the disease were practiced. Recent data showed that there was a higher prevalence of breast cancer among women in Northern Uganda than among women in the rest of Uganda.The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with breast cancer awareness, breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and other modalities for screening and early breast cancer detection among adult women in the Gulu main market.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gulu main market in 2020. A total of 98 adult women were recruited for the study by a random sampling method. The questionnaire had an internal validity of Cronbach’s α=0.72. The study was approved by a local IRB. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Most participants were 20-29 years 41(41.8%), married 44(44.9%), monthly incomes of >UGX1 million shillings 51(52.2%), Acholi 81(82.7%), Catholics 46(46.9%), vendors 75(76.5%), duration of work in the market (1-10 years) 64(65.4%), primary level of education 39(39.8%), and had 1-2 pregnancies 37(37.8%). The independent factors associated with breast cancer awareness, breast self-examination, and clinical breast examination were vendor (primary occupation) (β=-0.130, t=-2.979, p<0.004), duration of work in the market (1-10 years) (β=-0.186, t=-2.452, p<0.016), and higher level of education (β=-0.091, t=-2.506, p<0.014).Conclusions: Breast cancer awareness and downstaging practices in adult women in the Gulu main market were thought-provoking. Women with better socioeconomic status (higher education, moderate work duration in the market and primarily vendors) in the Gulu main market were more likely aware and practiced breast cancer downstaging activities. There is a need to strengthen publicity on breast cancer-related knowledge for lower-income occupational groups and those with lower education levels to better understand the importance of conducting BSE, CBE, and mammography for early breast cancer detection.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Faktor Reproduksi dengan Tumor Payudara Berdasarkan Pemeriksaan Sadanis, Riset Penyakit Tidak Menular 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lusianawaty Tana
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Clinical Breast Examination ◽  
Reproductive Risk ◽  
Breast Examination ◽  
Clinical Breast ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in females worldwide. It was 18% of all cancer in 2012 and was in the fourth rank of mortality caused by cancer. Factors which is still speculated as risk factors of breast cancer are reproductive factors: never pregnant, only one pregnancy, and no breastfeeding. This secondary analysis of Non Communicable Diseases Research 2016 data aims to assess the relationship between reproductive factors with breast tumor among 43,948 Indonesian women of aged 25-64 years using logistic regression analysis with 5% significance and 95% confidence interval. The results showed breast tumor was higher in women aged 35 years and over compared with under 35 years, menarche at age 7-12 years compared with 13-25 years, first childbirth at 31-35 years and 36-47 years compared with under 30 years, having less than 3 children compared with ≥ 3 children and no child or only 1 child breastfed compared with ≥ 2 children breastfed. The analysis concluded that breast tumor was related to number of child breastfed, frequency of childbirth, and late first childbirth. Keywords: breast tumor, reproductive, risk factor, clinical breast examination Abstrak Kanker payudara merupakan kanker yang tersering pada perempuan di dunia yaitu 18% dari semua kasus kanker tahun 2012 dan sebagai penyebab kematian ke empat dari kematian karena kanker untuk semua jenis. Faktor risiko kanker payudara yang masih spekulasi antara lain faktor reproduksi, seperti tidak pernah hamil, hamil hanya sekali dan tidak menyusui. Analisis lanjut ini menganalisis faktor reproduksi terhadap tumor payudara pada perempuan di Indonesia dari Riset Penyakit Tidak Menular tahun 2016 dengan sampel 43.948 perempuan berusia 25-64 tahun. Data dianalisis dengan logistik regresi, tingkat kemaknaan 0,05 dan confidence interval 95%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tumor payudara meningkat 1,3 kali pada kelompok umur 35 tahun ke atas dibandingkan umur kurang dari 35 tahun, haid pertama pada umur 7-12 tahun dibandingkan dengan umur 13-25 tahun, umur melahirkan anak pertama 31-35 tahun dan 36-47 tahun dibandingkan umur kurang 30 tahun, jumlah anak kurang dari 3 orang dibandingkan 3 orang atau lebih dan tidak pernah menyusui anak/menyusui anak 1 orang dan menyusui 2 orang dibandingkan menyusui lebih dari 2 orang anak. Analisis menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan tumor payudara berhubungan dengan banyaknya anak yang disusui, anak yang dilahirkan, dan peningkatan umur saat melahirkan anak pertama. Kata kunci: Tumor payudara, reproduksi, faktor risiko, pemeriksaan payudara klinis

Financial Anxiety is Associated With Cancer Screening Adherence in Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salene M W Jones ◽  
Tammy A Schuler ◽  
Tasleem J Padamsee ◽  
M Robyn Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Clinical Breast Examination ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Breast Examination ◽  
Clinical Breast ◽  
Financial Anxiety ◽  
Screening Adherence

Abstract Background Previous studies have examined the impact of material financial hardship on cancer screening but without focusing on the psychological aspects of financial hardship. Purpose This study examined the effects of different types of financial anxiety on adherence to breast cancer screening in women at high risk of breast cancer. Adherence to cervical cancer screening was also examined to determine whether associations between financial anxiety and screening adherence were unique to breast cancer screening or more general. Methods Women (n = 324) aged 30–50 and at high risk for inherited breast cancer completed a survey on general financial anxiety, worry about affording healthcare, financial stigma due to cancer risk, and adherence to cancer screening. Multivariate analyses controlled for poverty, age, and race. Results More financial anxiety was associated with lower odds of mammogram adherence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, confidence interval [CI] = 0.94, 0.99), Pap smear adherence (OR = 0.98, CI = 0.96, 0.996), and clinical breast examination adherence (OR = 0.98, CI = 0.96, 0.995). More worry about affording healthcare was associated with lower odds of clinical breast examination adherence (OR = 0.95, CI = 0.91, 0.9992) but not mammogram or Pap smear adherence (p &gt; .05). Financial stigma due to cancer risk was associated with lower odds of Pap smear adherence (OR = 0.87, CI = 0.77, 0.97) but no other cancer screenings (p &gt; .07). Conclusions Financial anxiety may impede cancer screening, even for high-risk women aware of their risk status. Clinical interventions focused on social determinants of health may also need to address financial anxiety for women at high risk of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Breast Cancer among Kurdish Women in Sulaimani Governorate/ Iraq

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Bekhal Abdalwahid Amin ◽  
Muhammed Babakir-Mina ◽  
Fadhil Ahmed Mohialdeen ◽  
Mohammed I. M. Gubari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Breast Examination ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Breast Examination ◽  
Clinical Breast ◽  
The Right ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Breast cancer is a devastating affliction, the frequency of which is gradually increasing all over the world. Cancer may be cured if properly intervened at the right time. The correct treatment, aided by professionals and the right technology can provide critical life support to breast cancer patients. This study was conducted to assessment knowledge, attitude and practice of breast cancer among Kurdish females visited Maternity Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani. A face-to-face interview through a question¬naire to assessment of knowledge and practices toward breast cancer of 500 non-breast cancer women visited Maternity Teaching Hospital was done. Data were computerized and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS, version 22). P-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Out of 500 participants in the current study on knowledge and practices toward breast cancer among non-breast cancer women, consequently were 227 (45.4%) and 201 (40.2%) practiced breast self-examination(BSE) and clinical breast examination respectively. In this study the participants having no symptoms and lack of knowledge about how to do BSE where regarded as the barriers of not practicing BSE (44.7%, 55.3%) respectively. The most common reason for not doing clinical breast examination (CBE) is fear of the outcome and no sign & symptom of breast cancer (28.8%, 61.9%) respectively. The high education level showed significantly more knowledge of breast self-examination and mammography than Illiterate women P≤ 0.001 and P≤ 0.03 respectively. On the other hand, the high education level women showed significantly more practice of breast self-examination P≤ 0.001. In conclusion, the present study found the facts to the inadequate knowledge of female about breast cancer and recognized the negative influence of low knowledge on the practice of BSE, CBE and mammography and the breast cancer incidence. Therefore, more determinations are needed to develop a positive attitude toward BSE, CBE and mammography screening and practice in Sulaimani.

scholarly journals Awareness, Attitudes and Practices of women related to breast cancer in Niamey and Zinder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdou Aissami ◽  
Guido Van Hal ◽  
Dille Issimouha
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Breast Examination ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Cancer Symptoms ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Breast Examination ◽  
Clinical Breast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Breast Cancer Knowledge

Abstract Background: In Niger, breast cancer is the first cancer related morbidity and mortality within the female population. While Breast cancer awareness can contribute to early diagnosis and disease mortality reduction, Niger women’s knowledge of breast cancer is not well documented. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of women related to breast cancer and have a look on the factors associated this knowledge. Methods: The study was conducted thought a cross sectional survey in women population in Zinder and Niamey regions. A random sampling was used to select women in households within health districts. We defined a breast cancer knowledge score and used a generalized linear model to assess factors associated with breast cancer knowledge. Results: A total of 675 women were included in the survey. Average age of women was 39.2 years (38.2-40.2) and 48.4% (44.7-52.2) of them were not educated. Overall women’s knowledge of breast cancer is relatively low, only 41.2% (37.5-45.0) were aware of breast cancer. An area where women demonstrated an awareness was breast cancer symptoms knowledge with 65.0% (61.3-68.7). Insufficient level of knowledge was observed on knowledge of risk and protection factors with only 27.4 % (24.0-31.0) level of awareness and breast cancer good practice with 16.9% (14.2-19.7). Younger age OR=0.98 (0.96-0.99) practicing clinical breast examination OR=2.25 (1.31–3.16), breastfeeding 3.34 (2.12-5.26), not having a history of participation to breast cancer 0.53 (0.34-0.82) and living in rural and peri-urban areas 0.34 (0.20–0.44) were factors related to awareness of breast cancer. Conclusion: Niger women had overall low level of breast cancer awareness. While they were not acquainted with breast self-examination and clinical breast examination, their knowledge of breast cancer symptoms was acceptable. Clinical breast examination, area of residence, age, breastfeeding and history of participation to breast cancer screening were found to be associated with breast cancer knowledge. Awareness programs can promote clinical breast examination as mammography is not common and target older women. Focus should be given to awareness of breast cancer risk factors and promoting early detection procedures.

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