scholarly journals Relation between Soil Weed Seedbank and Weed Management Practises and Diversity in Farms in Kisii Central Sub County, Nyanza

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Charles N. Nyamwamu ◽  
Rebecca Karanja ◽  
Peter Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Hand Weeding

This study sought to determine the relation between soil weed seed bank and weed management practices and diversity in farms in Kisii Central Sub County, Western Kenya. Eight administrative sub-locations were randomly selected. Ten farms were selected at equal distance along transect laid across each sub-location. Weed soil seed bank was assessed from soil samples collected from each of the farms; a sub-sample was taken from a composite sample of ten soil cores of 5cm diameter and 15cm deep and placed in germination trays in a greenhouse. Weed diversity in soil weed seedbank was calculated using the Shannon index (H’). Twelve weed species from 12 genera of nine families were recorded. Diversity of the weed species in soil weed seed bank was (H'=1.48). Weed management practises significantly affected weed species soil weed seedbank reserves. Use of inefficient and ineffective hand-weeding techniques resulted in high weed species diversity and abundance.

Effects of Initial Seed-Bank Density on Weed Seedling Emergence during the Transition to an Organic Feed-Grain Crop Rotation

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Smith ◽  
Randa Jabbour ◽  
Andrew G. Hulting ◽  
Mary E. Barbercheck ◽  
David A. Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic Certification ◽  
Weed Seeds

The transition period to certified organic production can present a significant weed management challenge for growers. Organic certification requires that prohibited fertilizers and pesticides must not have been used for 36 mo before harvest of the first organic crop. Understanding how organic management practices and initial weed seed-bank densities affect weed population dynamics during the transition period may improve weed management efficacy and adoption of organic practices. We examined how tillage systems (full or reduced) and cover crop species planted during the first transition year (rye or a mixture of timothy and red clover) affect the seedling densities of three common annual weed species, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, and foxtail spp., during the 3-yr transition period. Weed seeds were applied in a one-time pulse at the beginning of the study at three densities, low, medium, and high (60, 460, and 2,100 seeds m−2, respectively), and cumulative seedling densities of each species were assessed annually. Treatment factors had variable and species-specific effects on weed seedling densities. In general, the full-tillage system, with an initial cover crop of timothy and red clover, resulted in the lowest density of weed seedlings following seed-bank augmentation. There was little consistent association between the initial densities of applied weed seeds in the weed seed bank at the start of the transition and weed seedling densities at the end of the transition period. This suggests that when multiple crop and weed cultural management practices are employed during the organic transition period, initial failures in weed management may not necessarily lead to persistent and intractable annual weed species management problems following organic certification.

scholarly journals Weed Seed Bank Dynamics: Weed Seed Bank Modulation Through Tillage and Weed Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. MAQSOOD ◽  
R.N. ABBAS ◽  
A. KHALIQ ◽  
Z.A. ZAHIR
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Weed Seeds

ABSTRACT: A field trial was conducted with the aim of assessing weed seed bank status of soil under maize cultivation. It was worked out by sampling from soil corer at different depths ranging from 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-25 cm. Weed seed bank was monitored with a cultivator, a rotavator, a mouldboard plough (MB) and a chisel plough in tilled plots under Atrazine 330 EC at 1.00 kg a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and no weeding. Sixteen weed species were identified in soil samples, four species contributing about 72% of the total weed seed bank. Tillage system was more important determinant of weed seed density than the weed management practices. Movement pattern of weed seeds by all tillage treatments differ significantly over three weeding management practices at 0-5 cm soil core. Horse purslane (28%) and jungle rice (20%) were with high relative abundance. In both years, change in weed seed bank in upper 0-5 cm soil was significant as seeds germinating from this layer were either removed by hand or killed with chemical or left unchecked. Only chisel plough tapped the soil core below 20 cm and caused a small reduction in weed seed density. Mouldbold plough effectively buried weed seeds below 10 cm but not beyond 20 cm and hand hoeing reduced weed seed bank by killing weeds at seedling stage.

SIMULATION OF INTEGRATED CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR OROBANCHE SPP. BASED ON A LIFE CYCLE MODEL

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. KEBREAB ◽  
A. J. MURDOCH
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
High Level

A computer simulation model was developed to investigate strategies for control of the parasitic weed species of Orobanche. The model makes use of data from published literature and predicts infestation levels in a dynamic and deterministic way. It is predicted that sustainable control of the parasite can only be achieved by reducing the soil seed bank to levels of 1000–2000 seeds m−2 and maintaining it at that level in subsequent years. When cultural control methods such as hand weeding, trap/catch cropping, delayed planting, resistant cultivars and solarization were considered individually, a relatively high level of effectiveness was required to contain the soil seed bank. An integrated approach with a selection of appropriate cultural methods is therefore recommended for further testing and validation in the field. The simulations demonstrate the importance of preventing new seeds entering the soil seed bank and that although reducing the soil seed bank may not increase yield for the first few years, it will ultimately increase production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Variables and Yield of Wheat Varieties

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Mostafa ◽  
Syed Arvin Hassan ◽  
Md. Ehsanul Haq ◽  
Md. Ahasan Habib ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted in medium fertile soil at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during November 2017 to April 2018 in Rabi season with a view to evaluate the performance of wheat varieties under different weed control methods. The experiment was carried out with three varieties i.e. BARI Gom-28, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 in the main plot and five weed management methods viz. control (no weeding), two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS pre-emergence, Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon) 1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS as post-emergence herbicide and Panida 33EC (Pendimethalin) @ 2000 ml ha-1 at 5 DAS + Afinity 50.75WP (Isoproturon)1500 g ha-1 at 25 DAS in the sub plot in split plot design. Nine different major weed species were found in the field such as Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Brassica kaber, Leliotropium indicum, Vicia sativa. Results reveled that BARI Gom-30 contributed the highest grain yield 3.01 tha-1. Pre-emergence application of Panida 33EC controlled weeds significantly which showed highest growth followed by yield achieved in wheat. BARI Gom-30 in combination with Panida 33EC produced the highest grain yield 3.52 tha-1 while the lowest grain yield 2.09 t ha-1 was obtained from BARI Gom-28 with no weeding treatment. Results reveled that Panida 33EC (pre-emergence) was found more effective to controlling weeds in wheat. Results of the study finally reveled that Panida 33EC might be considered as a feasible option for combating weed and ensuring higher yield in wheat cultivation.

scholarly journals Studies on weed cover and diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) as influenced by weed management and balanced fertilization techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Nagar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Chenopodium Murale ◽  
Balanced Fertilization ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted to analyze the types of flora, intensity, cover and effects on yields of coriander. Pooled analysis of data indicated that Goose foot (Chenopodium murale L.), Corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.) among dicots and Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) among monocots were found most dominant weeds at all stages of crop growth. Of the total eight weed species reported dicot weeds were found most dominating weed species and comprises 78-80 percent of total weed density throughout crop cycle. All weed management practices significantly reduced the density of monocot and dicot weeds and improved the yield (seed and biological yield) of crop as compared to control. Two hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS resulted in maximum reduction in total weed density and gave the highest seed (15.84 q/ha) and biological yield (41.11 q/ha) of coriander. However, seed and biological yields was obtained at par by pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + one hand weeding at 45 DAS. This treatment also resulted in favorably lowest weed competition index as compared to rest of other practices. Balanced fertilization with N+P+K+S also improved monocot and dicot weed density but the effect was not significant over N+P and N+P+K fertilization. N+P+K+S fertilization significantly enhanced crop seed and biological yields over N+P (1.86 q/ha and 4.36 q/ha, respectively) and N+P+K application (0.94 q/ha and 2.20 q/ha, respectively). Weed management and balanced fertilization practices also found to have significant interaction effect on seed and biological yield of coriander.

scholarly journals Weed Management Strategies in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum): A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akashdeep Singh ◽  
S. S. Rana ◽  
Anju Bala
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Hand Weeding

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the most important pulse crops but it’s productivity in India is quite low. There are various reasons for low productivity. Weed control is the basic requirement and the major component of crop management. Weeds on an average reduce the crop yield by 40-87 per cent. Deciding time to control weeds requires detailed knowledge of the weed populations in the field. Different management practices like altering spacing, competitive cultivars, etc. can help in enhancing the productivity. With the world entering the precision-farming era, more emphasis is being put on the use of post-emergence herbicides. Application of two or more herbicide at the same time or as a double knockdown and integrating with hand-weeding provides desirable control of different weed species besides reducing the hazard of chemical weed control.

Assessment of Weed Management Practices and Problem Weeds in the Midsouth United States—Soybean: A Consultant's Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilpreet S. Riar ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
Daniel O. Stephenson ◽  
Thomas W. Eubank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
On Farm

Soybean consultants from Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee were surveyed by direct mail and by on-farm visits in fall 2011 to assess weed management practices and the prevalence of weed species in midsouth U.S. soybean. These consultants represented 15, 21, 5, and 10% of total soybean planted in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee, respectively, in 2011. Collectively, 93% of the total scouted area in these four states was planted with glyphosate-resistant (RR) soybean. The adoption of glufosinate-resistant (LL) soybean was greatest in Arkansas (12%), followed by Tennessee (4%), Mississippi (2%), and Louisiana (< 1%). Only 17% of the RR soybean was treated solely with glyphosate, compared with 35% of LL soybean treated solely with glufosinate. Across four states, average cost of herbicides in RR and LL soybean systems was US$78 and US$91 ha−1, respectively. Collectively across states, total scouted area under conventional tillage was 42%, stale seedbed was 37%, and no-tillage was 21%. Palmer amaranth and morningglories were the most problematic weeds in all four states. Additionally, barnyardgrass and horseweed were the third most problematic weeds of Arkansas and Tennessee, respectively, and Italian ryegrass was the third most problematic weed in Louisiana and Mississippi. Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth infested fewer fields in Louisiana (16% of fields) than it did in the remaining three states (54% collectively). Average Palmer amaranth hand-weeding costs in the midsouth was US$59 ha−1. Three-fourths of the midsouth consultants stipulated the need for continued research and education focused on management of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant weed species.

Weed Seed Population Response to Tillage and Herbicide Use in Three Irrigated Cropping Sequences

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Ball ◽  
Stephen D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Hairy Nightshade ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Herbicide Use

Research was conducted to evaluate the effects of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and chisel plowing), secondary tillage (row cultivation), and herbicides on weed species changes in the soil seed bank in three irrigated row cropping sequences over a 3-yr period. The cropping sequences consisted of continuous corn for 3 yr (CN), continuous pinto beans for 3 yr (PB), and sugarbeets for 2 yr followed by corn in the third year (SB). A comparison between moldboard and chisel plowing indicated that weed seed were more prevalent near the soil surface after chisel plowing. The density of certain annual weed seed over the 3-yr period increased more rapidly in the seed bank after chisel plowing compared to moldboard plowing. Species exhibiting the most pronounced increase included hairy nightshade and stinkgrass in the PB cropping sequence and redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters in the SB sequence. Conversely, kochia seed density in the SB sequence decreased more rapidly in chisel-plowed plots. Row cultivation generally reduced seed bank densities of most species compared to uncultivated plots. Herbicide use in each cropping sequence produced a shift in the weed seed bank in favor of species less susceptible to applied herbicides. In particular, seed of hairy nightshade became prevalent in the PB cropping sequence, and seed of kochia, redroot pigweed, and common lambsquarters became prevalent in the SB sequence.

Effect of weed management practices and organic sources of nitrogen supplementation on weed density and yield of wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Santosh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Hand Weeding

The different weed control methods (two hand weeding at 25 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) and one hand weeding at 25 DAS along with unweeded control ), organic sources of nitrogen (vermicompost, poultry manure, city manure and FYM) and their interaction were compared for their efficiency on various weed species and yield of wheat. Two hand weeding (W2) gave significantly maximum weed control. This was followed by one hand weeding at 25 DAS and control. These weed control methods significantly enhanced the yield and yield components of wheat. Among organic sources of nitrogen vermicompost (M1) recorded minimum weed density, weed dry weight and maximum yield, followed by poultry manure, city manure and FYM.

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