Eurasian Super Grid for 100% Renewable Energy Power Supply: Generation and Storage Technologies in the Cost Optimal Mix

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bogdanov ◽  
Christian Breyer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Renewable energy sources and storage batteries for electrification of Russian decentralized power supply systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2061 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
D Karamov ◽  
I Volkova ◽  
Suslov ◽  
I Dolmatov
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Storage Batteries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Decentralized Power Supply

Abstract The use of renewable energy sources (RES) and storage batteries (SB) in decentralized power systems is a cost-effective way to supply power to consumers. In this case, storage batteries are one of the most important system components. The significance of storage batteries is conditioned by a stabilizing effect obtained at generation from RES that are defined by stochastic oscillating functions. However, it is worth noting that storage batteries also improve the cost-effectiveness of such systems by reducing consumption of diesel fuel. This is particularly noticeable at night when load is the least and the use of diesel generators is inefficient. One of the most important points is the determination of potential internal processes of aging and breakdowns that occur in storage batteries during operation. The use of a tested model for categorization of storage batteries according to the operating conditions makes it possible to take account of these factors at the stage of a system design. The paper presents a detailed analysis of decentralized power supply system Verkhnyaya Amga. The focus is made on the cost-effectiveness of a combined use of RES with storage batteries, annual saving of diesel fuel, operating parameters. The research reveals hidden problems that represent various uncertainties that affect greatly the economic and operation parameters of the system.

scholarly journals Potential for anaerobic digestion of dairy farm effluent in New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Milet J.S. Rowarth ◽  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Energy Profile ◽  
Potential Environmental Impact ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Reducing Potential

Efficient effluent management allows capturing of nutrient benefits while reducing potential environmental impact. In New Zealand research has focussed on ponds and land disposal, whereas digesters are being implemented overseas. When biogas produced by anaerobic digestion is collected, it can be used to produce heat and electricity; this has been done in some countries trying to increase their renewable energy profile (e.g., France), but the cost is not always offset by the benefits. Analysis of policies concerning power supply in France and New Zealand revealed very large differences between the two countries, which, in combination with differences in population density, availability of co-digestion products and dairy shed effluent type, means that the establishment of biodigesters is unlikely in New Zealand unless there are changes in policy to encourage greater renewable energy via implementation assistance. Keywords: Biodigester, co-digestion, energy

Assessment of the economic efficiency of renewable energy sources in the Khabarovsk territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
S. G. Pankratyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Full Cost ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
The Cost

The study presents a brief description and problems of power supply of the Khabarovsk territory. The problems and prospects of the development of renewable energy sources, in particular in the Khabarovsk territory, are considered. There are three main approaches that exist in the scientific community for comparing energy objects. The first approach is based on comparing the technical indicators of power facilities, the second on calculating the normalized cost of electricity, and the third is based on monetizing the environmental and climatic consequences of power facilities. During the study, it was found that these approaches differ in the number of indicators included in the calculation of the cost of electricity. In accordance with the selected approaches, evaluation of economic efficiency of three operating power plants of the Khabarovsk territory – coal, diesel and solar – was carried out, monetized estimates of the full cost of three alternatives for the production of electricity in the region were given, taking into account the environmental component. The analysis made it possible to conclude that under the current market conditions, renewable energy sources are most profitable in decentralized areas, and quantitative evaluations have shown that with the introduction of payments for carbon monoxide emissions, renewable energy sources become an economically effective way of organizing energy supply in the region, including in the regions with centralized power supply.

Blue Hydrogen Economy - A New Look at an Old Idea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Ehlig-Economides ◽  
Dimitrios G. Hatzignatiou
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Core Skills ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Previous efforts to promote hydrogen as an energy carrier described a Utopian world in which renewable resources provided all energy for heating, electricity, transportation, and industrial needs. The elegance of this vision overlooked the cost and the footprint represented by the renewable energy resources required to generate so much electricity, and the additional cost required to employ electrolysis to generate hydrogen for energy storage not possible for electricity. Today an abundance of natural gas offers an option for hydrogen generation from methane that can include capturing and storing CO2 produced from the generation process. This results in blue hydrogen, effectively as ecologically attractive as the green hydrogen from electrolysis, and considerably less expensive. This paper evaluates a New Hydrogen Economy employing blue hydrogen as a bridge to net zero greenhouse gas emissions. Of particular interest is the observation that depleted natural gas reservoirs offer pore space sufficient to store about 1.5 times the CO2 coming from hydrogen generation from the produced natural gas. The implication of this observation is that blue hydrogen generation need not rely on saline aquifer storage or on CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery. We find that blue hydrogen cost is comparable to the cost of current crude oil-based transportation fuels. Further, electricity generated using blue hydrogen is less expensive than decarbonized electricity generated from natural gas with post combustion CO2 capture and storage. The infrastructure required for this energy transition can leverage existing natural gas transport and storage and existing petroleum industry skills. Energy companies committed to net zero emissions need not rely only on renewable energy sources or nuclear power. Further, switching to blue hydrogen reduces or eliminates combustion related pollution including nitrogen and sulfur oxides. Finally, the Blue Hydrogen Economy makes efficient and cost effective use of petroleum engineering core skills, as well as the core skills championed by the petroleum industry.

Multi-functional photocatalytic activity of transition-metal mtetraaza[14]annulene frameworks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Zhang ◽  
Hongxia Bu ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Lanling Zhao ◽  
Yuanyuan Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
And Storage

Multi-functional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are highly desired in the development of renewable energy conversion and storage technologies. Using...

Methodology for Calculating the Ability of Renewable Energy Systems to Manufacture Themselves

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey W. King ◽  
Michael E. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Sustainable Energy Systems ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
And Storage

Renewable energy and storage technologies are often thought of as sustainable energy systems and several life cycle analyses point to the positive energy return on energy invested for individual renewable systems. However, in order to power the various life cycle processes such as manufacturing, refining, and installation, fossil fuels are used to generate the required heat and electricity. Thus, there remains a question as to how the whole suite of renewable technologies, as considered in isolation from fossil fuels, can power their own life cycles. Because most renewable technologies have intermittent outputs due to intermittent inputs such as the sun, wind, and waves, it is unclear how compatible those power outputs are for our constant and high-power industrial processes. Storage technologies can possibly play a key role in providing dispatchable power, and storage systems are often quoted as being necessary to promote widespread use of renewable energy. This paper presents a methodology to measure innovation in renewable and storage technologies by using a time-varying renewable energy only energy return on energy invested – rEROI(t). Innovative technologies will therefore be those that make rEROI(t) increase over time. The methodology assumes that the power outputs of existing renewable systems would be the only source of power for the life cycle processes of making the next set of renewable and storage technologies. Thus, renewable systems are required to manufacture themselves.

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