scholarly journals Semantic primes in historical languages. The identification of the Old English exponent for DO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Mateo Mendaza
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Lexical Database ◽  
Prime Exponent ◽  
Prime Identification

This journal article follows the research line opened on the search for semantic primes’ exponents in Old English within the frame of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage theory (Goddard 1997, 2012; Goddard and Wierzbicka 2002). The aim of this study is to complete the line of research on prime identification opened on the category Actions, Events, Movement, Contact by establishing the Old English exponent of the prime DO. With this purpose, this paper discusses the adequacy of different OE verbs as possible prime exponent on the basis of textual frequency, morphology, semantics and syntactic complementation. Relevant data of analysis have been retrieved mainly from the lexical database of Old English Nerthus, the Dictionary of Old English (Healey et al. 2018) and the Dictionary of Old English Corpus (Healey et al. 2009).  

scholarly journals The Bases of Derivation of Old English Affixed Nouns: Status and Category

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Torres
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Lexical Database ◽  
Single Base ◽  
Compound Nouns

The Bases of Derivation of Old English Affixed Nouns: Status and Category The aim of this journal article is to carry out a complete analysis of the category, status and patterns of the bases of derivation of Old English affixal nouns. The results of the analysis are discussed in the light of the evolution from stem-formation to word-formation. The corpus of analysis of this research is based on data retrieved from the lexical database of Old English Nerthus, which contains 30170 predicates. 16694 out of these are nouns, of which 4115 are basic and 12579 qualify as non-basic. Within non-basic nouns there are 3488 affixed nouns (351 by prefixation and 3137 by suffixation) and 9091 compound nouns. The line of argumentation is that, under certain circumstances, the existence of more than one base available for the formation of a derivative does not reinforce the explanation of invariable bases; on the contrary, it goes in the direction of variable bases produced by inflectional processes and made ready for derivation. The following conclusions are reached. In the first place, the importance is underlined of formations on stems in Old English, involving, at least, nouns. Secondly, the analysis evidences that the importance of stem-formation in Old English might be higher than has been acknowledged by previous studies. If Old English made extensive use of words as bases of derivation, a single base should be available; if, on the contrary, Old English is still dependent on stem-formation, more than one base is likely to be found for a single derivative. Such alternative bases of derivation reflect stemformation that may result from inflectional means and be eventually used for derivational purposes.

scholarly journals Identifying the Old English exponent for the semantic prime LIVE

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-107
Author(s):  
Raquel Mateo Mendaza
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Lexical Database ◽  
English Verb ◽  
Prime Exponent

The aim of this article is to identify the Old English exponent for the semantic prime LIVE following the principles of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage theory (Wierzbicka 1996, Goddard & Wierzbicka 2002, Goddard 2011). The methodology applied in the study is based on previous research in Old English semantic primes. In these terms, a search for those Old English words conveying the meaning of the semantic prime LIVE is made. This search selects the verbs (ge)buan, drohtian, (ge)eardian, (ge)libban, and wunian as candidate words for prime exponent. Then, these verbs are analysed in terms of morphological, textual, semantic, and syntactic criteria. With this purpose, relevant information on these words has been gathered from different lexicographical and textual sources in Old English, such as the Dictionary of Old English, the Dictionary of Old English Corpus, and the lexical database of Old English Nerthus. After the analysis of these verbs, the conclusion is drawn that the Old English verb (ge)libban is selected as prime exponent, as it satisfies the requirements proposed by each criterion.

The Old English adjectival affixes ful- and -ful

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Mateo Mendaza
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Lexical Database

The aim of this article is to measure the indexes of productivity of the prefix ful- and the suffix -ful in Old English adjective formation. This analysis is based on Baayen’s framework, which comprises different measures on productivity. The major sources of the analysis are The Dictionary of Old English Corpus and the lexical database of Old English Nerthus. This study of productivity allows for a diachronic perspective on the evolution of these affixes from the Old English period to the present. The main conclusion drawn from this analysis is that the suffix -ful is more productive than its prefixal counterpart, which implies that more productive patterns are still maintained in Present-day English in contradistinction to the less productive ones.

scholarly journals The lemmatization of Old English Verbs from the second weak class on a lexical database

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Marta Tío Sáenz
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Lexical Database ◽  
Second Person ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Participle ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Weak Verbs

This article compiles a list of lemmas of the second class weak verbs of Old English by using the latest version of the lexical database Nerthus, which incorporates the texts of the Dictionary of Old English Corpus. Out of all the inflecional endings, the most distinctive have been selected for lemmatization: the infinitive, the inflected infinitive, the present participle, the past participle, the second person present indicative singular, the present indicative plural, the present subjunctive singular, the first and third person of preterite indicative singular, the second person of the preterite indicative singular, the preterite indicative plural and the preterite subjunctive plural. When it is necessary to regularize, normalization is restricted to correspondences based on dialectal and diachronic variation. The analysis turns out a total of 1,064 lemmas of weak verbs from the second class.

scholarly journals CLOSING SUFFIXES IN OLD ENGLISH: A STUDY BASED ON RECURSIVE AFFIXATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 27-54
Author(s):  
Roberto Torre Alonso ◽  
Darío Metola Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
English Word ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Lexical Database ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Productive Process

ABSTRACT This paper takes issue with the lexicon of Old English and, more specifically, with the existence of closing suffixes in word-formation. Closing suffixes are defined as base suffixes that prevent further suffixation by word-forming suffixes (Aronoff & Furhop 2002: 455). This is tantamount to saying that this is a study in recursivity, or the formation of derivatives from derived bases, as in anti-establish-ment, which requires the attachment of the prefix anti- to the derived input establishment. The present analysis comprises all major lexical categories, that is, nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs and concentrates on suffixes because they represent the newest and the most productive process in Old English word-formation (Kastovsky 1992, 2006), as well as the set of morphemes that has survived into Present-day English without undergoing radical changes. Given this aim, the data retrieved from the lexical database of Old English Nerthus (www.nerthusproject.com) comprise 6,073 affixed (prefixed and suffixed) derivatives, including 3,008 nouns, 1,961 adjectives, 974 adverbs and 130 verbs. All of them have been analysed in order to isolate recursive formations.

scholarly journals A corpus-based approach to the lemmatisation of Old English superlative adverbs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosra Hamdoun Bghiyel
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Old English ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
Lexical Database ◽  
Old English Poetry ◽  
English Prose ◽  
First Time

This article aims to discuss the lemmatisation process of Old English adverbs inflected for the superlative from a corpus-based perspective. This study has been conducted on the basis of a semi-automatic methodology through which the inflectional forms have been automatically extracted from The York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose and The York Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Poetry whereas the task of assigning a lemma has been completed manually. The list of adverbial lemmas amounts to 1,755 and has been provided by the lexical database of Old English Nerthus. Additionally, the resulting lemmatised list has been checked against the lemmatised forms compiled by the Dictionary of Old English and Seelig’s (1930) work on Old English comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs. Through this comparison, it has been possible to verify doubtful forms and incorporate new ones that are unattested by the YCOE. This pilot study has implemented for the first time a methodology for the lemmatisation of a non-verbal class and can be further applied to those categories that are still unlemmatised, namely nouns and adjectives.

Matching productivity indexes and diachronic evolution: The Old English affixesful-, -isc, -cund, and-ful

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Mateo Mendaza
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Lexical Database ◽  
Type Frequency

AbstractThis article measures the productivity index of the Old English suffixes-cund, -ful,and-iscas well as the prefixful-and checks the results against the diachronic evolution of the affixes. The frameworks brought to the discussion includeType frequencymeasurement, as well as productivity indexes proposed by Baayen (1992, 1993, 2009) and Trips (2009). The sources are both textual(The Dictionary of Old English Corpus)and lexicographical (the lexical database of Old EnglishNerthus).The conclusion drawn is that Baayen's (1992, 1993, 2002) index ofGlobal Productivityprovides the most consistent results with the diachronic evolution of the affixes.

Sources and steps of corpus lemmatization

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura García Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Lexical Database ◽  
Progressive Improvement ◽  
Remarkable Degree ◽  
Manual Adjustment ◽  
Spelling Variation ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract This article describes the steps and results of the lemmatization of the derived anomalous verbs of Old English. The data have been retrieved from The Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus, searched through the lexical database from the Nerthus Project called Norna. The methodology comprises several steps combining automatic searches on the lemmatizer and manual revision. Part of the results, including the verbs starting with the letters A to H, are compared with the Dictionary of Old English, while the rest of the lemmas are checked with the standard Old English dictionaries (Clark-Hall, Sweet and Bosworth-Toller). The discussion leads to the conclusion that the lemmatization of the verbs of Old English, a language with a remarkable degree of spelling variation, requires considerable manual revision. However, the progressive improvement of automatic searches, based on the comparison of the initial results with the available lexicographical sources, minimizes the need for manual adjustment.

scholarly journals Pautas teóricas y metodológicas para determinar la productividad de los predicados afijales en una base de datos léxica del inglés antiguo

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa González Torres
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
The One ◽  
Hapax Legomena

ResumenEste artículo establece las bases teóricas y metodológicas para el estudio de la productividad de los predicados afi jales en una base de datos del inglés antiguo. Tras un breve análisis del estado de la cuestión en productividad léxica, se propone distinguir la productividad cualitativa de la cuantitativa. La productividad cualitativa se analiza desde el punto de vista de la distribución y el comportamiento de los predicados afi jales. De manera tentativa, los predicados afi jales a-, æ-, be-, for-, ofer- y to- se consideran cuantitativamente productivos. También se propone y se ilustra la diferencia entre el fenómeno de hapax legomena absoluto y relativo. Tras un análisis de unos mil trescientos predicados verbales derivados, los predicados afi jales for-, on- y to- se confi rman como productivos.Palabras clave: Inglés antiguo, gramática, morfología, derivación, afijos.AbstractThis journal article establishes the theoretical and methodological bases for the study of the productivity of affi xal predicates in a database of Old English. After revising critically the state of the art about lexical productivity, we propose to distinguish between qualitative and quantitative productivity. Qualitative productivity, on the one hand, is analised from the point of view of distribution and the behaviour of affi xal predicates. In a tentative way, the affi xal predicates a-, æ-, be-, for-, ofer- y to- are considered quantitatively productive. Besides, it is proposed and illustrated the difference between the hapax legomena phenomenon absolute and relative. After an analysis of about one thousand three hundred derived verbal predicates, the affi xal predicates for-, on- and to- qualify as productive.Keywords: Old English, grammar, morphology, derivation, affixes.

scholarly journals Distribución, comportamiento y transparencia léxica en inglés antiguo

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Martín Arista ◽  
Laura Caballero González
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Morphological Processes

Resumen: Este artículo se ocupa de la transparencia de la derivación léxica anglosajona. Un examen de la analizabilidad de los predicados afijales y la sistematicidad de los procesos morfológicos de la derivación anglosajona, tanto desde el punto de vista del comportamiento como de la distribución de los predicados, indica que el término transparencia debe aplicarse de manera muy matizada a la derivación léxica del inglés antiguo, cuyo léxico es claramente homogéneo y asociativo pero no siempre transparente en lo que a sus derivaciones se refiere.Abstract: This journal article bears on the transparency of Old English lexical derivation. An analysis of the analysability of affixal predicates and the regularity of the morphological processes of Anglo-Saxon derivation, from the point of view of both the behaviour and distribution of predicates, shows that the term transparency must be applied cautiously to the lexical derivation of Old English, whose lexicon is clearly homogeneous and associative but not always transparent as far as lexical derivation is concerned.

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