scholarly journals Influence of wet vs. dry by-product ingredients and addition of branched-chain volatile fatty acids and valerate to dairy diets. 2. Rumen fermentation and milk production.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-458
Author(s):  
P.H. Robinson ◽  
S. Tamminga ◽  
A.M. van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Methyl Butyrate ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Gluten Feed

Four dairy cows with large rumen cannulae were fed totally mixed diets twice daily. Diets contained equal amounts of hay crop silage and maize silage to a total of about 43% of DM intake. About 35% of DM intake was derived from the by-product ingredients maize gluten feed, beet pulp, and brewers' grains, and the balance was mixed ingredients. Diets were formulated to contain either wet (WET) or dry (DRY) by-product ingredients with (PLUS) or without (MINUS) a supplement containing isobutyrate, 2-methyl butyrate, 3-methyl butyrate, and valerate. Measurements were made from wk 12 to 28 of lactation to determine effects of treatments on feed intake, parameters of rumen fermentation, and milk yield and composition. Milk yield and composition were not influenced by treatments. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Influence of wet vs. dry by-product ingredients and addition of branched-chain volatile fatty acids and valerate to dairy diets. 3. Kinetics of rumen ingesta turnover, whole tract digestibility, and some plasma hormone concentrations.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-471
Author(s):  
P.H. Robinson ◽  
S. Tamminga ◽  
A.M. van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Methyl Butyrate ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Gluten Feed ◽  
Kinetics Of

Four cows with rumen cannulae were fed twice daily on totally mixed diets containing equal amounts of hay crop silage and maize silage plus a mixture of maize gluten feed, beet pulp and brewers' grains. Diets contained wet ensiled (WET) or dry (DRY) byproduct ingredients without (MINUS) or with (PLUS) a supplement (ISOPLUSReg.) containing the branched-chain volatile fatty acids (isoacids) isobutyrate, 2-methyl butyrate, and 3-methyl butyrate, as well as valerate. Measurements were made from weeks 12 to 28 of lactation to determine effects of treatments on whole tract digestibility, kinetics of rumen ingesta turnover, and plasma concentrations of insulin and somatotropin. Whole tract apparent digestibility of organic (OM) and most OM components was higher with WET diets. Estimated true digestion of dietary nitrogen and OM were also higher (P

Intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniimodulated rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qendrim Zebeli ◽  
Sarah J Terrill ◽  
Alberto Mazzolari ◽  
Suzanna M Dunn ◽  
Wen Z Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Profile

This study evaluated the effects of intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniion ruminal fermentation patterns, the profile of plasma metabolites, and milk yield and composition of mid-lactation dairy cows. Eight primiparous, ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were arranged in a paired 2×2 crossover design. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) intraruminal inoculation of 35 ml suspension per day ofM. elsdeniiATCC 25940 (MEGA), containing 108cfu/ml of bacteria, dissolved in 35 ml of saline (0·15m), or 2) carrier alone (35 ml saline; CTR). Both postprandial and preprandial rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and plasma metabolite measurements were analysed. Postprandial VFA patterns were affected the most, with butyrate (P<0·01) and valerate (P<0·01) proportions increasing, and acetate (P<0·01), isobutyrate (P=0·05) and isovalerate (P<0·01) decreasing in MEGA cows. Preprandial data measured at various days showed that MEGA dosage tended to increase the molar proportion of propionate (P=0·09) and lower the acetate to propionate ratio (P=0·07) in the rumen fluid. There was no effect of treatment on rumen pH and on the concentration of lactate in the rumen as well as on selected preprandial plasma metabolites. Postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol tended to increase (P=0·07) in MEGA cows compared with CTR. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the plasma were lower in MEGA cows after the morning feeding (P<0·01). Sampling hour also affected plasma NEFA in this study. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were not affected by the treatment (P>0·05); however, after the morning feeding BHBA concentration was increased in both groups of cows. Dry matter intake and milk yield and composition were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, results indicate thatM. elsdeniihas the potential to modulate the rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation Holstein cows, but these effects were only slightly reflected in changes in plasma metabolites and milk composition.

scholarly journals Influence of wet vs. dry by-product ingredients and addition of branched-chain volatile fatty acids and valerate to dairy diets. I. Feed intake, milk production and milk composition.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
H. de Visser ◽  
S. Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Methyl Butyrate ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Dry Diet ◽  
Gluten Feed ◽  
By Products

A feeding trial was carried out with 56 dairy cows during 1st 18 weeks of lactation. Rations consisted of 40% grass and maize silage (in a 50:50 ratio) and 60% concentrates based entirely on by-products (beet pulp, maize gluten feed and brewers' grains) and were offered ad lib. 60% (on DM basis) of concentrates were given either ensiled (WET) or dehydrated (DRY). Half of the cows receiving WET or DRY diets also received an additive containing approx. 80 g of calcium salts of iso-butyrate, 2-methyl butyrate, 3-methyl butyrate and valerate. No significant effects of additive on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition were found. Feed, energy and protein intake and milk protein production were significantly lower after feeding WET diet compared with DRY diet. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Dried beet pulp, pressed beet pulp and maize silage as substitutes for concentrates in dairy cow rations. 2. Feed intake, fermentation pattern and ruminal degradation characteristics.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
H. de Visser ◽  
H. Huisert ◽  
R.S. Ketelaar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Branched Chain

In a 3 x 4 Latin square design with periods of 5 weeks rumen cannulated cows were fed on mixed diets supplemented with dried beet pulp (DP) pressed beet pulp (PP) and maize silage (M) at 15 kg DM and 25 kg DM (low, LL1 or high, HL1), respectively. Measurements were made of organic matter degradation (nylon bag) of diet ingredients, while during 48-h periods the pattern of intake, pH and osmolality, and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactic acid (HL) and ammonia (NH3) were determined. The pH and concentration of the major VFA's were similar between treatments. The concentration of the branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), valerate and ammonia were significantly higher with M. The level of intake significantly influenced the pH, concentration of the major VFA's, 2-methyl-butyrate and valerate. The feed intake pattern differed between intake levels, but were similar between diets. Degradability of treatments were calculated from individual degradability measurements of diet ingredients. The undegradable fraction was highest for diet M. The water-soluble fraction was lowest for treatment DP, and the rate of degradation (kd) was lowest for treatment M. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Relationship between rumen odd and branched chain fatty acids and fermentation characteristics as studied in vitro

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
B. Vlaeminck ◽  
V. Fievez ◽  
H. van Laar ◽  
D. Demeyer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Rumen microbes contain a high proportion (20 to 50%) of their fatty acids (FA) as odd and branched chain fatty acids (OBCFA; C15:0, iso C15:0, anteiso C15:0, C17:0; iso C17:0; anteiso C17:0 and C17:1) and different bacterial classes have distinctive OBCFA ‘fingerprints’. As OBCFA make up around 5% of FA in milk, it has been suggested that there is scope for these compounds to be used in on-farm diagnostic milk-based tests in relation to the rumen fermentation pattern. Correlations of milk OBCFA with rumen fermentation pattern were recently shown (Vlaeminck et al., 2002). In the current in vitro study, the potential of rumen OBCFA to predict the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was evaluated.

Utilisation of white clover silage fed alone or with maize silage by lactating dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Auldist ◽  
K. L. Atkinson ◽  
D. W. Dellow ◽  
M. J. Silvapulle ◽  
G. H. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
High Yields

Six lactating dairy cows in mid lactation were fed either white clover silage or a mixture of white clover and maize silages (70 : 30, dry matter basis). Milk yields (about 20 L/day) and compositions were similar when cows were fed either diet. Although the mixed diet was less digestible and provided less energy and crude protein than white clover, rumen fermentation may have been improved relative to that when white clover silage was fed alone. Flow rates of fluid from the rumen were faster, pH values for rumen liquor were higher and concentrations of ammonia in rumen liquor were lower when cows were fed the mixed diet than white clover silage. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and the proportions of the major volatile fatty acids in rumen liquor were similar for both diets. The efficiency of utilisation of dietary nitrogen for liveweight gain and milk production also appeared to be similar for both diets. Plasma concentrations of key metabolites were consistent with the cows being well nourished when fed both diets. Overall, it was evident that white clover silage may be used effectively in combination with lower quality maize silage to meet the nutrient requirements of cows with reasonably high yields of milk during mid lactation.

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