scholarly journals A Review of Chlorine in Indoor Swimming Pools and its Increased Risk of Adverse Health Effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Angione ◽  
Heather McClenaghan ◽  
Ashley LaPlante
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
Year 2000

Background: Chlorine is a commonly used agent for water disinfectant in swimming pools. Inadequate ventilation in indoor swimming pools and chlorination disinfectant by-products (DBP’s) caused by organic matter promote the increased risk of adverse health effects. Water quality and proper ventilation must be monitored to avoid health risks in youth and adolescents. Methods: Studies were researched on children and adolescents from 2-18 years old who swim indoors. Articles were limited by only including journals from the year 2000 through 2010 and contain global statistics. Peer reviewed scientific articles were reviewed and a meta-analysis of three different scientific research databases, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, was conducted. Results and Conclusions: Children under five years of age, lifeguards and elite swimmers are at an increased risk of upper and lower respiratory symptoms, such as asthma, when exposed to chlorinated swimming frequently. Recreational swimmers who swim moderately are at a lower risk for developing occupational asthma. Implications: Reducing exposure to chlorine from indoor swimming pools may limit the risk of developing upper and lower respiratory infections. 

scholarly journals Vaginal douching and adverse health effects: a meta-analysis.

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 1207-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Zhang ◽  
A G Thomas ◽  
E Leybovich
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vaginal Douching ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

scholarly journals A review of health effects associated with exposure to jet engine emissions in and around airports

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja M. Bendtsen ◽  
Elizabeth Bengtsen ◽  
Anne T. Saber ◽  
Ulla Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Diesel Exhaust Particles ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exhaust Particles

Abstract Background Airport personnel are at risk of occupational exposure to jet engine emissions, which similarly to diesel exhaust emissions include volatile organic compounds and particulate matter consisting of an inorganic carbon core with associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. Diesel exhaust is classified as carcinogenic and the particulate fraction has in itself been linked to several adverse health effects including cancer. Method In this review, we summarize the available scientific literature covering human health effects of exposure to airport emissions, both in occupational settings and for residents living close to airports. We also report the findings from the limited scientific mechanistic studies of jet engine emissions in animal and cell models. Results Jet engine emissions contain large amounts of nano-sized particles, which are particularly prone to reach the lower airways upon inhalation. Size of particles and emission levels depend on type of aircraft, engine conditions, and fuel type, as well as on operation modes. Exposure to jet engine emissions is reported to be associated with biomarkers of exposure as well as biomarkers of effect among airport personnel, especially in ground-support functions. Proximity to running jet engines or to the airport as such for residential areas is associated with increased exposure and with increased risk of disease, increased hospital admissions and self-reported lung symptoms. Conclusion We conclude that though the literature is scarce and with low consistency in methods and measured biomarkers, there is evidence that jet engine emissions have physicochemical properties similar to diesel exhaust particles, and that exposure to jet engine emissions is associated with similar adverse health effects as exposure to diesel exhaust particles and other traffic emissions.

scholarly journals Adverse health effects associated with household air pollution: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and burden estimation study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e1427-e1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan Ken Lee ◽  
Rong Bing ◽  
Joanne Kiang ◽  
Sophia Bashir ◽  
Nicholas Spath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to trichloramine and trihalomethanes: adverse health effects among personnel in habilitation and rehabilitation swimming pools

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Westerlund ◽  
Ing-Liss Bryngelsson ◽  
Håkan Löfstedt ◽  
Kåre Eriksson ◽  
Håkan Westberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

scholarly journals An overview of the adverse effects of cannabis use for Canadian physicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. E17-E34
Author(s):  
Heather Leduc-Pessah ◽  
Samuel K. Jensen ◽  
Christopher Newell
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance and one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances in the world, preceded only by alcohol, tobacco and caffeine. Recent changes in legislation regarding cannabis use in Canada and potential upcoming changes worldwide may have a further impact on the prevalence of cannabis use. Thus, it is critical to understand the risks and potential adverse health effects of acute and long-term cannabis use. Current literature is lacking in many areas surrounding cannabis use, and for the most part is unable to provide clear associations once confounding variables are considered. Here we provide a general overview of the history of cannabis, the physical and mental health consequences, and the risks to specific groups. Source: A scoping search of published articles in PubMed from the start date (1946) until 2018. Principal finding: Current evidence supports an association between cannabis use and mild respiratory and cardiac effects, but no clear increased risk of cancer. Psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and anxiety, show associations with cannabis use; however, a causal effect of cannabis use is unclear. While no evidence for increased risk in pregnancy has been found, risk is still undetermined. Youth may be at a greater risk as earlier initiation of use increases the risk of adverse health effects. Conclusion: Overall, evidence for direct and long-term adverse effects of cannabis use is minimal and additional longitudinal studies will be required to better delineate unidentified effects.

The Widowhood Effect–mortality and Adverse Health Effects When Losing a Spouse in Old Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S656-S656
Author(s):  
C.B. Kristiansen ◽  
A.B. Bojesen ◽  
P. Munk-Jørgensen ◽  
K. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

IntroductionLosing one's spouse is a major life event which is associated to an increased risk of mental health problems as depression and sleep-disorders. There is also an increased risk of adverse effects on physical health, and even an increased risk of mortality. A phenomena called “the widowhood effect” Though this is well-known clinically, few studies have established the extent of the problem in old age.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the risk of mortality associated to widowhood in old age, and adverse health effects both regarding physical and mental health.MethodsA nationwide register-based case control study. All Danish people aged 65 years and above who became widowed in the period of 2000–2010 are included. A background population sample of 4:1 is matched on age and gender. By using the personal identification number a linkage between registers containing information regarding health service use, pharmacologic use and demographic information is made. Mortality is analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimate and the statistical comparison between the groups is done by Cox-regression. Adverse health effects are assessed by the health care use and pharmacological use, and are compared between the two groups by t-test, linear and logistic regression depending on the variables.ResultsThe study is under conduction, results will be presented.ConclusionsWidowhood in old age has been associated to an increased risk of mortality and adverse health effects. This study assesses the outcome of this in a nationwide register-based sample.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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