Study of drug use in outdoor pediatric patients of upper respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care hospital

Abstract BackgroundUpper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. Most URTIs have been shown to be of viral origin. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance. The problem of unnecessary antibiotic use among children is a concern for antibiotic resistance in low- and middle-income developing countries.MethodsOur study is a cross-sectional survey study. It was carried out between 14 December 2020 and 1 April 2021 for parents over 18 years of age with a child under 18 years’ old who applied to the general pediatrics outpatient clinics of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Department of Pediatrics.Results554 parents responded to the questionnaire. A total of 15.7% of parents stated to use antibiotics in any child with fever. 37% of parents believed that antibiotics could cure infections caused by viruses. 6.3% of parents declared that they put pressure on pediatricians to prescribe antibiotics. 85.6% of the parents stated that they never gave their children non-prescription antibiotics when they had a high fever. 80.9% of them declared that they never used past antibiotics in the presence of a new infection. Female gender, high level of education, high income level and low number of antibiotics used in the last 1 year were found to be statistically significant with the better knowledge level of the parents (p <0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results of our study of parents' lack of knowledge about antibiotics in Turkey, though generally it shows proper attitude and behavior. It shows that some of the restrictions imposed by the National Action Plan are partially working. However, it is still necessary to continue to inform parents, pediatricians and pharmacists about the use of antibiotics, and to be more sensitive about the prescribing of antibiotics, and if necessary, sanctions should be imposed by the state in order to prevent unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

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Prescribing pattern of antibiotics and susceptibility of pathogens in upper respiratory tract infections: a study from a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1221

Author(s):

Sashwath Srikanth ◽

Satyajit Mohapatra ◽

P. Tharunya ◽

R. Jamuna Rani

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Essential Drug List ◽

Drug List ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections are mostly caused by viruses and are self-limiting. But it is seen that drug therapy is restored to many of them without adequate justifications. Sometimes multiple drug therapy imposes high cost burden on patients. Use of antibiotics in URTI patients have led to rise in bacterial resistance. So, this study was aimed to analyse the prescription pattern in upper respiratory tract infections and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated organisms.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for a period of three months. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria sixty patients were selected. Prescriptions of these patients were collected and analysed for the various WHO prescription indicators like average number of drugs per encounter, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names, percentage of drugs prescribed as injection, drugs form the essential drug list etc. The swabs were collected from the site of infections and were analysed for the bacterial growth. Also, the antibiotic susceptibility of these organisms was tested.Results: A total of sixty prescriptions were collected and analysed. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.21. Antimicrobials were prescribed in 90% of cases. Approximately 50% cases the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was prescribed. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 87% and 68% drugs were form the essential drug list. The culture report of the specimen collected from the swabs showed that only 50% of cases were of some bacterial origin. And the organisms isolated were less susceptible to the antibiotics that were prescribed.Conclusions: This study of prescribing patterns in patients gives appropriate feedback and awareness among health care providers. Rationale prescribing practice will prevent antibiotic resistance and reduction in the adverse drug reactions.

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Antibiotic prescribing pattern among inpatients with upper respiratory tract infections at a Tertiary Care Hospital

International Journal of Medical Toxicology & Legal Medicine ◽

10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00027.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1and2) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Enti Hariadha ◽

Ravinderen Pichan ◽

M. Ahsan Iftikhar Baig

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Prescribing Pattern ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

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Evaluation of parental knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use in acute upper respiratory tract infections in children under 18 years of age: a cross-sectional study in Turkey

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-03020-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aslınur Albayrak ◽

Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş ◽

Bensu Karahalil

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. Antibiotics still continue to be prescribed although most URTIs are of viral origin. This is inappropriate use and this unnecessary administration contributes or may cause antibiotic resistance. The problem of unnecessary antibiotic use among children is a concern for antibiotic resistance in low- and middle-income developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of parents of children with upper respiratory tract infections regarding antibiotic use and their antibiotic administration practices in a tertiary care hospital in Turkey. Methods Our study is a cross-sectional survey study. It was carried out between 14 December 2020 and 1 April 2021 for parents over 18 years of age with a child under 18 years’ old who applied to the general pediatrics outpatient clinics of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Department of Pediatrics. Results Five hundred fifty-four parents responded to the questionnaire (93.2% rate of response). A total of 15.7% of parents stated to use antibiotics in any child with fever. 37% of parents believed that antibiotics could cure infections caused by viruses. 6.3% of parents declared that they put pressure on pediatricians to prescribe antibiotics. While 28% of the parents who thought that the use of inappropriate antibiotics would not change the effect and resistance of the treatment, 41% thought that new antibiotics could be developed continuously. 85.6% of the parents stated that they never gave their children non-prescription antibiotics when they had a high fever. 80.9% of them declared that they never used past antibiotics in the presence of a new infection. Conclusion According to the results of our study of parents’ lack of knowledge about antibiotics in Turkey, though generally it shows proper attitude and practices. It shows that some of the restrictions imposed by the National Action Plan are partially working. However, it is still necessary to continue to inform parents, pediatricians and pharmacists about the use of antibiotics, and to be more sensitive about the prescribing of antibiotics, and if necessary, sanctions should be imposed by the state in order to prevent unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

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Trend of antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from respiratory tract infections in tertiary care hospital in south Karnataka

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v11i1.698 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anupam Berwal ◽

Kiran Chawla ◽

Seema Shetty ◽

Ashu Gupta

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Streptococcus pyogenes is recognized as an important pathogen of respiratory tract infections. The rapidly, emerging problem of antibiotic resistant Streptococcus pyogenes is a major issue nowadays. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from upper respiratory tract infections in tertiary care hospital of south Karnataka. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over a period of two years. The specimens were processed by Gram staining and aerobic culture. The bacteria were isolated as per standard protocols. The minimum inhibitory values and extent of antibiotic resistance of commonly used antimicrobials were analysed for the isolated strains. Results: A total of 2123 specimens were received from patients with respiratory tract infections, among which, 50 Strep- tococcus pyogenes isolates were obtained. Out of these, 8% were not sensitive to penicillin. Using VITEK 2 system, the prevalence of resistances to cefotaxime, erythromycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, clindamycin and ceftriaxone were 4.2%, 83%, 51%, 8.9%, 40% and 5.3% respectively. Conclusion: It is important to know about the prevalence of resistance and rising MIC values of commonly used antibiotics regarding Streptococcus pyogenes to avoid therapeutic failures.

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