Oligohydramnios and fetal outcome in term pregnancy

Background and objective: Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index less than 5th centile for gestation. It presents a threat to the fetus and has been correlated with increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation, meconium aspiration syndrome, severe birth asphyxia, low APGAR scores, and congenital abnormalities. It is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal morbidity in a significant number of cases. Therefore, early detection of oligohydramnios and its management is important. This study aimed to determine the perinatal and maternal outcomes in oligohydramnios. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil from March 2018 to March 2019. A total of 300 patients were recruited, including 150 pregnant women with oligohydramnios and 150 with normal amniotic fluid index. Results: There was a significant difference between the oligohydramnios group and the comparison group in relation to parity and gestational age. Oligohydramnios was more among primigravids. The rate of cesarean section was higher in oligohydramnios group compared to the comparison group. Intrauterine growth retardation among oligohydramnios group was 13%. Oligohydramnios was associated with birth weight <2500 gm (21.3%). Conclusion: Antepartum diagnosis of severe oligohydramnios at term was associated with an increased cesarean section rate, a higher rate of admission of neonatal care unit, and low birth weight. Therefore, antepartum oligohydramnios is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Amniotic fluid index; Maternal outcome; Fetal outcome; Oligohydramnios.

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Prevalence of overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction among women and its effects on maternal and fetal outcome

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181988 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 2123

Author(s):

Puja Kumari ◽

Sadhana Singh

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Intrauterine Growth

Background: Objective of present study was to determine the current prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in normal pregnant women and to study the impact of thyroid dysfunction on maternal and fetal outcome.Methods: 400 pregnant women between 13 and 26 weeks of gestation were registered for the study. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, TSH tests were done. Free T4 and anti-TPO antibody tests were done in patients with deranged TSH. Patients were followed up till delivery. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was and 1.25%, respectively. Adverse maternal effects in overt hypothyroidism included preeclampsia (16.6 vs. 7.8%) and placental abruption (16.6 vs. 0.8%). Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with preeclampsia (22.3 vs. 7.8%) as compared to the euthyroid patients. Adverse fetal outcome in overt hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (16.6 vs. 2.39%), preterm birth (33.3 vs. 5.8%), low birth weight (50 vs. 12.11%), intrauterine growth retardation (25 vs. 4.9%), and fetal death (16.6 vs.7%) as compared to the euthyroid women. Adverse fetal outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (5.5 vs. 2.39%), preterm delivery (11.2 vs. 5.8%), low birth weight (25 vs. 12.11%), and intrauterine growth retardation (8.4 vs. 4.9%) as compared to the euthyroid women.Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid disorders was high in our study with associated adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Routine screening of thyroid dysfunction is recommended to prevent adverse fetal and maternal outcome.

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Relation of the Renal Artery Color Doppler With the Umbilical Artery and Amniotic Fluid Index in Fetuses Affected by Intrauterine Growth Retardation

International Journal of Women s Health and Reproduction Sciences ◽

10.15296/ijwhr.2020.63 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 396-400

Author(s):

Neda Shoari ◽

Shamci Abbasalizadeh ◽

Zahra Faridiazar ◽

Sanaz Mousavi ◽

Farnaz Sahhaf

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Renal Artery ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽

Umbilical Artery ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Treatment Center ◽

Diagnostic Study ◽

Amniotic Fluid Index ◽

Intrauterine Growth

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the renal artery color Doppler with the umbilical artery and amniotic fluid index (AFI) in fetuses affected by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional diagnostic study and the target population included pregnant mothers who were diagnosed to have fetuses with IUGR referring to the Al-Zahra treatment center in Tabriz. At least 40 samples were referred between October 2019 and May 2020. The patients were evaluated using the transabdominal ultrasound of the umbilical artery and fetal renal artery, and then using the color Doppler values of the umbilical artery and fetal renal artery. Results: The present research was performed on 40 pregnant females with an IUGR fetus with umbilical artery percentile upper that 95% whose minimum to maximum age range was 22-38 years. There is no relationship between umbilical artery and renal artery color Doppler. In addition, umbilical artery color Doppler is not related to amniotic fluid, also renal artery color Doppler demonstrated no significant correlation with amniotic fluid index. Conclusions: Based on our results, the PI of the umbilical artery had no significant correlation with that of the renal artery. In addition, there was no significant correlation with the PI of the renal artery and AFI.

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Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and impact on maternal and fetal outcome in Central Indian pregnant women

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174461 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 4666

Author(s):

Joysee Pokhanna ◽

Urvi Gupta ◽

Madhuri Alwani ◽

Shruti Pathak Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Fetal Outcomes ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

In Pregnancy

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunctions have become common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt, but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are very few data from India about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. In this study, we determined the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome in Central Indian Indore Pregnant Women.Methods: Total 300 pregnant women between the 13 and 26 weeks of gestation were recruited for this study who is residing in Indore. In all patients routine obstetrical investigations, TSH tests were done. Anti-TPO antibody tests and Free T4 were done in patients with deranged TSH. The obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were recorded. Almost all the patients were followed up to delivery.Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was 13 and 4%, respectively. Adverse maternal effects in overt hypothyroidism included preeclampsia (22.2 versus 11.6%) and placental abruption (22.2 versus 2.0%). Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with preeclampsia (30.0 versus 11.6%) as compared to the euthyroid patients. Adverse fetal outcomes in overt hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (22.2 versus 6.6%), preterm birth (44.4 versus 30.0%), low birth weight (66.6 versus 30.0%), intrauterine growth retardation (33.3 versus 10.0%), and fetal death (22.2 versus 0%) as compared to the euthyroid women. Adverse fetal outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism included spontaneous abortion (2.0 versus 6.6%), preterm delivery (5.2 versus 30.0%), low birth weight (11.2 versus 30.0%), and intrauterine growth retardation (4.4 versus 10 %) as compared to the euthyroid women.Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid disorders was high in our study with associated adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Routine screening of thyroid dysfunction is recommended to prevent adverse fetal and maternal outcome.

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Prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weight: risk factors in a malaria-endemic area in southern Benin

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/trt099 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 108 (2) ◽

pp. 77-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. Padonou ◽

A. Le Port ◽

G. Cottrell ◽

J. Guerra ◽

I. Choudat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽

Malaria Endemic Area ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Southern Benin

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Intrauterine Growth and Gestational Duration Determinants

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.80.4.502 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 502-511

Author(s):

Michael S. Kramer

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽

Causal Effect ◽

Public Health Intervention ◽

Future Research ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Gestational Duration ◽

Quantitative Importance

Despite the general recognition that low birth weight can be caused by many factors, confusion and controversy remain about which factors have independent causal effects, as well as the quantitative importance of those effects. Previous research findings have often been conflicting because of a failure to distinguish intrauterine growth retardation from prematurity, differences in focus (means v rates), inadequate control for confounding variables, and insufficient statistical power. This review of the English and French language medical literature published between 1970 and 1984 is based on a critical assessment and meta-analysis of 895 studies concerning 43 potential determinants of intrauterine growth or gestational duration. Based on methodologic standards established a priori for each candidate determinant, the best studies were used to assess the existence and magnitude of an independent causal effect on birth weight, gestational age, prematurity, and intrauterine growth retardation. Factors with well-established direct causal impacts are identified, and their relative importance is indicated for "typical" developing and developed country settings. Modifiable factors with large effects are targeted for public health intervention in the two settings. Finally, factors of potential quantitative importance, but for which data are either unavailable or inconclusive, are highlighted as priorities for future research.

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Maternal and fetal outcome in oligohydramnios after 34 weeks of gestation

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184515 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 4604

Author(s):

Mahantappa A. Chiniwar ◽

Joe Kaushik M. ◽

Sharada B. Menasinkai

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Research Centre ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Study Group ◽

Perinatal Morbidity ◽

Amniotic Fluid Index ◽

Chi Square

Background: Oligohydramnios is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is a clinical condition characterized by Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) ≤5 cm by sonographic assessment. The aim of present study is to know the maternal and fetal outcome in oligohydramnios after 34 weeks of gestation compared with women who had normal volume of amniotic fluid.Methods: Study was done for the period of 21 months from November 2014-July 2016 at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Hospital and Research Centre Bellur. 50 antenatal cases with > 34 weeks of gestation with AFI ≤5 cm by ultrasonographic estimation were included as study group and 50 women with normal AFI were included as control group. Maternal and fetal outcome of the women with oligohydramnios were analyzed and compared with control group.Results: Results were analyzed statistically using parameters like mean, SD, Chi Sq test, P value. Amniotic fluid was clear in 32% in study and 78% in control group, thin meconium stained in 30% in study group and 14%in control group and was thick meconium stained in 38% in study group and 8% in control group (Chi square =22.31, p<0.0001). Induction of labour was done in 54% in study group and 20% in control group. Cesarean delivery was done in 58% in study group women and 28% in control group women. Regarding the birth weight of babies 62% were < 2.5 kg in study group and 18% in control group with p<0.001. 10% of babies in study group required NICU admission and perinatal mortality was 2%.Conclusions: Due to increased perinatal morbidity and mortality and increased rate of LSCS, timely decision during labour is important to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality.

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HUMAN FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION: I. CLINICAL FEATURES OF SAMPLE WITH INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.50.4.547 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 547-558

Author(s):

J. Urrusti ◽

P. Yoshida ◽

L. Velasco ◽

S. Frenk ◽

A. Rosado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽

Fetal Growth Retardation ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Normal Term

Intrauterine growth was assessed in a series of 128 cases. Thirty-six infants were small for gestational age, and showed the usual signs of intrauterine growth retardation (IUM). The head circumference of these infants was small, with reference to normal term babies (FT) and comparable to premature infants, appropriately sized for a gestational age (ACA) five weeks less than that of the IUM's. There were 12 neonatal deaths, three among IUM infants within 24 hours and nine in the low birth weight AGA group within 72 hours. The mothers of these three groups of infants were similar with respect to age, weight, height, nutritional patterns, and prior pregnancy histories.

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