Absence of Wharton's jelly around an umbilical artery

Wharton's jelly is a mucoid, avascular and connective tissue which plays the role of umbilical vessels protection. Its absence exposes to poor neonatal outcomes or fetal death. We report a rare case of Absence of Wharton’s Jelly, diagnosed by examination of the placenta the examination with a live fetus.

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Identify the role of Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells in repairing injured uterine of rat

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research ◽

10.1111/jog.14526 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 320-328

Author(s):

Hezhu Wang ◽

Xiaoqing Yang ◽

Xiaojing Chen ◽

Huihui Xie ◽

Junxia Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Wharton’S Jelly ◽

Wharton's Jelly

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Human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate concanavalin A-induced fulminant hepatitis by repressing NF-κB signaling and glycolysis

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-021-02560-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lijie Pan ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Qiuli Liu ◽

Yanli Li ◽

Cong Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Fulminant Hepatitis ◽

Wharton’S Jelly ◽

T Cell Immunity ◽

Human Umbilical Cord ◽

Con A ◽

Wharton's Jelly ◽

Cell Immunity

Abstract Background Fulminant hepatitis is a severe life-threatening clinical condition with rapid progressive loss of liver function. It is characterized by massive activation and infiltration of immune cells into the liver and disturbance of inflammatory cytokine production. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed potent immunomodulatory properties. Transplantation of MSCs is suggested as a promising therapeutic approach for a host of inflammatory conditions. Methods In the current study, a well-established concanavalin A (Con A)-induced fulminant hepatitis mouse model was used to investigate the effects of transplanting human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (hWJ-MSCs) on fulminant hepatitis. Results We showed that hWJ-MSCs effectively alleviate fulminant hepatitis in mouse models, primarily through inhibiting T cell immunity. RNA sequencing of liver tissues and human T cells co-cultured with hWJ-MSCs showed that NF-κB signaling and glycolysis are two main pathways mediating the protective role of hWJ-MSCs on both Con A-induced hepatitis in vivo and T cell activation in vitro. Conclusion In summary, our data confirmed the potent therapeutic role of MSCs-derived from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord on Con A-induced fulminant hepatitis, and uncovered new mechanisms that glycolysis metabolic shift mediates suppression of T cell immunity by hWJ-MSCs.

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To Estimate the Importance of Wharton’s Jelly in the Growth of the Foetus – A Light Microscopic Study

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/617 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (35) ◽

pp. 3024-3029

Author(s):

Sreekumar Rajasekharan ◽

UmesanKannanvilakom Govindapillai ◽

Manju Madhavan C. ◽

Suja R. S. ◽

Swapna T ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Umbilical Cord ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Umbilical Artery ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Wharton’S Jelly ◽

External Diameter ◽

Single Umbilical Artery ◽

Wharton's Jelly ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

BACKGROUND Human umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein with their tunica intima and tunica media layers. The role of tunica adventitia is fulfilled by Wharton’s jelly, a mucoid connective tissue. The function of Wharton’s jelly is to prevent the vessels from compression and torsion which is essential for foetal development. The purpose of the study was to estimate the importance of Wharton’s jelly in the growth of the foetus. METHODS Umbilical cord tissue collected from each case was immediately put in 10 % formalin for fixation. Slides were then stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. These slides were then read under light microscopy and measurements were taken using a photomicrograph. Wharton’s jelly area was calculated by subtracting the total vessel area from the umbilical cord area. RESULTS The histological measurements of umbilical vessels include the external diameter, lumen diameter, wall thickness, thickness of tunica intima and tunica media, and the area. The mean area of the umbilical cord was 35.73 ±23.04 mm2 (Mean ± SD) and the mean area of the Wharton’s jelly was 29.74 ± 19.26 mm2. There was a significant difference in the external diameter and wall thickness of the umbilical artery. Analyses showed that there was a significantly (P < 0.01) increased external diameter and wall thickness of umbilical artery in normal cases, compared to single umbilical artery cases. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant positive correlation between the gestational age and the external diameter of the umbilical cord. There was a significant difference in the external diameter of the umbilical cord between SUA cases (4.45 mm) and the other foetuses with normal umbilical cord (6.53 mm). There was a significantly increased external diameter, lumen diameter, wall thickness and area of umbilical vein in normal cases, compared to single umbilical artery cases. There was a significantly increased area of umbilical cord and area of Wharton’s jelly in normal umbilical cord foetuses than foetuses with a single umbilical artery. KEY WORDS Foetus, Umbilical Cord, Wharton’s Jelly, Umbilical Artery, Umbilical Vein, Light Microscopy

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