scholarly journals Assessment of the use of impregnated bed nets in prevent and control sand fly bites in endemic area with visceral leishmaniasis, Eastern Sudan-2013

2016 ◽  
pp. 3151-3156
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mustafa ◽  
Nagwa Ahammed ◽  
Ustaz Alkareem ◽  
Imad Elgack ◽  
Nazar Abdalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
And Control ◽  
Eastern Sudan

scholarly journals Lutzomyia longipalpis behavior and control at an urban visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Soledad Santini ◽  
Oscar Daniel Salomón ◽  
Soraya Alejandra Acardi ◽  
Enrique Adolfo Sandoval ◽  
Lilian Tartaglino
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

During the earlier stages of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in Posadas City, Misiones, both the night activity and attraction to humans of Lutzomyia longipalpis were assessed, in order to provide preliminary recommendations. The impact of peridomestic deltamethrin spraying performed by local officials was also evaluated. Although Lu. longipalpis were found in traps located over a dog the entire night, 90% of the females were captured from 20.30h to 1.30h, and only landed on a human when he was at a distance of 1.5 m from the dog. Peridomestic spraying of deltamethrin (25 mg/m²) reduced the sand fly capture up to seven days post-intervention without dispersion in the border of the sprayed areas. These results support the recommendations about time-space focus of the protection measures: first half of the night, in the backyard, with pets and domestic animals kept at least 5 m from humans. The deltamethrin as it was used did not seem very effective in this scenario; neither did the eventual use of bed nets, at least in adults, due to the place/hour of sand fly higher activity. This study strengthens the need for a multidisciplinary approach to develop prevention strategies based both on biological and anthropological studies.

Spatial analysis for identification of priority areas for surveillance and control in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in Brazil

Acta Tropica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Soeiro Barbosa ◽  
Vinícius Silva Belo ◽  
Maurício Eduardo Salgado Rangel ◽  
Guilherme Loureiro Werneck
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Assessment of sand fly (Diptera, Psychodidae) control using cypermethrin in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2117-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Andrade Barata ◽  
Erika Monteiro Michalsky ◽  
Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara ◽  
João Carlos França-Silva ◽  
Marília Fonseca Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Transmission Area

Montes Claros in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was considered an intense transmission area for visceral leishmaniasis. This study evaluated sand fly fauna after insecticide application. Captures were performed in 10 districts from September 2005 to August 2006 with CDC light traps inside and outside each residence. Cypermethrin was sprayed in two cycles during November/2005 and May/2006. The 636 specimens collected, belonging to 10 species, were predominantly Lutzomyia longipalpis (79%), and most frequently males (70%). The highest percentage of specimens were captured in areas surrounding domiciles (85.8%). The main species were observed to be sensitive to treatment with the insecticide. The results showed a reduction in the number of sand flies collected after use of cypermethrin in homes and annexes, and with residual effect lasting from two to four months.

scholarly journals Outbreak investigation of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, November 2019: A Case Control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belay Regassa ◽  
Negussie Deyessa ◽  
Adamu Addissie ◽  
Abdulnasir Abagaro ◽  
Gemechu Shumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
And Control

AbstractVisceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a protozoan disease caused by Leishmania parasites that infect mammals transmitted by Phlebotomine sand-flies and mostly affects the poorest. VL distributed worldwide and prevalent in Ethiopia particularly in six regions. Knowing the occurrence of the disease and risk factor is a remedy for prevention and control. The aim of study was to identify factors associated with VL. Case control was carried out during October-November 2019 in Borena. A 1:2 Cases and controls were identified by case definition and 33 cases were included in the study. Participants ≥18years interviewed and caregivers of <18 were questioned. Epi-info and SPPS were used for data entry and analysis. Primarily predictors were identified using chi-square at significant level P≤0.05 with 95%CI, then candidate predictors were analysed using bivariate and multivariate analysis to identify associated factors. Among 153 suspected cases, 9 suspected deaths reported; 33 (22%) cases and 3 deaths were verified for VL. Among 33 verified cases 15(45.5%) were in July 2019, in comparison of 4years data, there is surge cases in July-August 2019, 26(79%) of cases were from Dire, AR=15/100,000, CFR=1.4/100,000. Among all, 15-64year were highly affected with AR=19.3. A case control engaged 99(100%) respondents and among all 93(93.9%) were male, 68(68.8%) were 15-64years. Adult education AOR=30.438(2.378,389.602), bed-net AOR=9.024 (1.763,46.205) and walling AOR=0.052(0.004,0.739) were associated factors with VL at 95%CI with p-value≤0.05. Male 15-64years were highly susceptible. Level of education, ITNs and walling were associated factors with VL. Formulating policies and guidelines pastoralists related vector control and awareness creation regarding feeding habit of sand fly, prevention and control were recommended. Awareness of community on prevention method; using repellents, ITNs utilization, and safe sleeping mechanisms are mandatory. Further investigation on the issue is best remedy to overcome future VL outbreak occurrence.

DETECTION OF LEISHMANIA INFECTION IN STRAY DOGS IN HUMAN LEISHMANIASIS ENDEMIC AREA IN MYMENSINGH DISTRICT WITH ITS POSSIBLE PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hossen
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Strip Test

Background: Leishmaniasis is primarily caused by two species of Leishmania (L. donovani and L. infantum) of which clinical infection with L. infantum has been recognized in both humans and dogs as zoonotic disease with dogs as the main reservoir hosts in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Asia and South America. Although L. donovani has been associated with both clinical and asymptomatic infection in humans but it is still associated with asymptomatic infection in dogs in Indian sub-continent without any evidence of zoonotic infection. Objectives: The objective of this research was to investigate the potentiality of dog as reservoir host for visceral leishmaniasis in the human leishmaniasis endemic regions in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 stray dogs in the human VL endemic areas of Mymensingh district were captured for the detection VL during the period of November 2010 to May 2011. The dipstick test rK39 (Bios International; n = 20), Giemsa’s stained impression smears of liver and spleen (n = 6) and PCR with the tissue of liver and spleen (n = 6) were tested as per manufacturer instructions and conventional standard methods. Results: Out of 20 stray dogs examined, 4 (20.0%) were positive for L. donovani infection with rK39 strip test. Of the six randomly selected dogs tested with Modified Giemsa’s stained of impression smears of spleen and liver showed 2 (33.33%) positive whereas PCR technique detected 5 (83.33%) positive for L. donovani. Results of PCR showed 145bp amplicon, specific for L. donovani infection in 83.33% stray dogs. Conclusions: This study reveals that a high percentage of L. donovani asymptomatic carrier infections occur in dogs and evidence indicates that dogs and humans may potentially serve as a source of infection to sand fly vectors and accordingly dogs can be recognized as a probable animal reservoir for the Leishmania infection in the endemic region in Bangladesh. However, further studies are required to determine the ability of dogs to transmit the L. donovani to the vector sand fly in nature and its evidence on ‘One Health’ perspectives. Keywords: Visceral leishmaniasis, Endemic region, Stray dogs, rK39 strip test, Giemsa’s stained liver and spleen impression smears, PCR, Reservoir host, Mymensingh

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratory profiles of visceral leishmaniasis among adult patients admitted to Felege Hiwot Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110367
Author(s):  
Berhanu Tarekegn ◽  
Ayanaw Tamene
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Endemic Areas

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania donovani transmitted by sand fly species. It is the third most common vector-borne disease globally. Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in Ethiopia with an estimated annual incidence ranging from 3700 to 7400 cases. This research aimed to assess the clinical presentations and laboratory profiles of visceral leishmaniasis for early diagnosis and timely initiation of management. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory manifestation and diagnostic modalities of visceral leishmaniasis among adult patients admitted to Felege Hiwot Hospital, from 1 September 2016 to 30 August 2019. Method: Institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 141 patients admitted to Felege Hiwot Hospital from 1 September 2016 to 30 August 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the clinical presentation and laboratory profiles of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Results: Among a total of 141 enrolled patients in the study, males were affected 13-fold. Most of them were travelers to endemic areas during the winter season for labor work. The mean duration of illness was 48 days. Common symptoms were fever (96.5%), weightless (82.5%), jaundice (18.4%), vomiting/diarrhea (13.5%), and bleeding episodes (11.3%). Splenomegaly was seen in 98.6%, ascites in 35.5%, and lymphadenopathy in 9.9%. Lymphadenopathy was seen significantly in HIV patients (40%). Anemia was seen in 95%, thrombocytopenia in 90.2%, leukopenia in 86.4%, and pancytopenia in 79.4%. Half of the patients had coinfection. Neutropenic sepsis was seen in 21.3%. The diagnosis was made by tissue aspiration in 65% of patients. Conclusion: The majority of patients who were diagnosed to have visceral leishmaniasis were young male adults who traveled to the endemic areas seasonally. Fever and splenomegaly were seen as the commonest clinical presentation. Lymphadenopathy occurred in high frequency among HIV co-infected patients. Anemia was the commonest hematologic finding.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of Leishmania in dogs from an endemic area of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane V. Lopes ◽  
Érika M. Michalsky ◽  
Fabiana de O. Lara Silva ◽  
Ana Cristina V.M.R. Lima ◽  
Daniel M. de Avelar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis
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