scholarly journals Chronic rhinosinusitis - clinico microbiological profile: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3262
Author(s):  
Manish Munjal ◽  
Shubham Munjal ◽  
Devyani Gupta ◽  
Siddharth Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Microbiological Profile ◽  
Sinus Mucosa ◽  
Extremes Of Temperature

The inhaled air at extremes of temperature or sometimes laden with animate aero-pathogens or maybe inanimate aero-allergens, induces a mechanical, thermal or infective trauma respectively, on the nasal and the sinus mucosa. The rhino-sinusitis acute or chronic has multiple underlying aetiologies and presentations. The aetiological factors and primarily the microorganisms show a shift with time. Viruses, aerobic and anerobic bacteria are cultured in individuals with varying levels of immunity.

Assessment of Biomarker Heterogeneity in Sinus Versus Inferior Turbinate Tissue in Patients Without Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242110128
Author(s):  
Taylor R. Carle ◽  
Tara J. Wu ◽  
Vivian Wung ◽  
Jeffrey D. Suh ◽  
Marilene B. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Control Specimen ◽  
Luminex Assay ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sinonasal Mucosa ◽  
Sinus Mucosa

Background Currently, no consensus exists on the appropriate control specimen site to utilize in studies evaluating for biomarkers in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Studies thus far have utilized tissue from various anatomic sites despite regional heterogeneity. Objective We set out to quantify the differences in biomarker levels present in inferior turbinate versus sphenoid sinus mucosa in paired healthy control patients. We hypothesize that statistically significant differences in cytokine/chemokine expression exist between these two distinct sites. Methods A 38-plex commercially available cytokine/chemokine Luminex Assay was performed on 54 specimens encompassing paired inferior turbinate and sphenoid sinus mucosa samples from 27 patients undergoing endoscopic anterior skull base surgery. Patients with a history of CRS were excluded. Paired sample t-tests and Fisher’s exact tests were performed. Results Twenty-seven patients were included in the study, including 10 male and 17 female patients with an average age of 48 years. The following 8 biomarkers had statistically significant concentration differences between inferior turbinate mucosa and sphenoid mucosa sites: Flt-3L, Fractalkine, IL-12p40, IL-1Ra, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and VEGF, with all P-values <0.01. Conclusion No consensus exists regarding the optimal choice of control specimen for CRS research. We present statistically significant quantitative differences in biomarker levels between paired inferior turbinate and sphenoid mucosa samples. This confirms the presence of heterogeneity between different subsites of sinonasal mucosa and highlights the need for standardization in future CRS research.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional State of the Maxillary Sinus Mucosa in Patients After Endoscopic Infundibulotomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Djuraev Jamolbek Abdukakharovich ◽  
◽  
Makhsitaliev Mukhammadbobur Ibrokhimovich, Ibrokhimovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Sinus Mucosa ◽  
Morphological State

The work carried out made it possible to substantiate the need to apply a method for studying the frequency of beating of cilia of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis when choosing treatment tactics in an ENT hospital. Analysis of the study of data on the functional and morphological state of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus allows us to judge the severity of the pathological process before surgery, which is the fundamental factor in the algorithm for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the Etiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: An Immune Barrier Hypothesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Kern ◽  
David B. Conley ◽  
William Walsh ◽  
Rakesh Chandra ◽  
Atsushi Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Barrier Failure ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Sinus Mucosa ◽  
A Current

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been defined as persistent symptomatic inflammation of the nasal and sinus mucosa resulting from the interaction of multiple host and environmental factors. Recent studies have implicated Alternaria fungi or toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus as critical agents in CRS pathogenesis. The emphasis on environmental agents in CRS etiology has focused interest toward elimination of those agents as the prime mechanism of therapy. This viewpoint is in marked contrast to the current perspective on some other chronic inflammatory epithelial disorders that afflict the skin, lungs, and gut, wherein host factors are believed to predispose to disease expression in the presence of ubiquitous environmental agents. Methods The current review evaluates CRS etiology from this perspective and considers that CRS develops, in part, as an outcome of a dysfunctional host response. Specifically, evidence from our laboratory and others will be reviewed indicating that CRS is associated with a failure of the mechanical and immunologic barriers across the nasal mucosa. The hypothesis would further propose that genetic and epigenetic variation predisposes susceptible individuals to barrier failure in the presence of environmental stress leading to CRS. Results From this unifying perspective, bacteria and fungi are seen as disease modifiers rather than primary etiologic agents. Conclusion The goal is to place concepts of CRS pathophysiology in a framework consistent with a current understanding of chronic inflammation in general and epithelial disease in particular.

scholarly journals Lysozyme expression is increased in the sinus mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Woods ◽  
V.S. Lee ◽  
D.J. Hussey ◽  
S. Irandoust ◽  
E.H. Ooi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Sinus Mucosa

Eosinophilia in the Ethmoid Mucosa and Its Relationship to the Severity of Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Szucs ◽  
Saied Ravandi ◽  
Anita Goossens ◽  
Mieke Beel ◽  
Peter A.R. Clement
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Eosinophilia ◽  
Eosinophilic Infiltrate ◽  
Preoperative Ct ◽  
Sinus Mucosa

Background The aim of this study was to analyze histopathologically mucosal inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. In addition, we assessed tissue eosinophilia in relation to the severity of inflammation and to the computer tomographic (CT) findings. Methods Forty-eight pathological sinus mucosa specimens obtained during functional endoscopic sinus surgery were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Total inflammatory cells and eosinophils were quantified. The preoperative CT scans were scored by the staging system of Lund-MacKay. Results The grade of the eosinophilic infiltration in the diseased sinus mucosa correlated significantly with the severity of the mucosal inflammation. Allergy or asthma had no effect on the proportion of the eosinophilic infiltrate. The CT scan scores assessed by the Lund-MacKay system correlated significantly with the severity of the inflammatory cellular infiltrate. The correlation between the CT scan scores and the eosinophilic infiltrate of the mucosa was close to significant. Conclusion Eosinophilic mucosal inflammation represents the most severe inflammatory changes of the mucosa. Twenty to forty percent of the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis had no eosinophilic inflammation of the mucosa. The CT-staging system of Lund-Mackay correlated with the extent of mucosal inflammation.

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