This chapter provides concise details of the clinical features, immediate management, key investigations, and further management of all of the common acute medical presentations. Other scales, charts, and reference tables are also provided where relevant. These emergency presentations are clearly organized in the following sections: cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, metabolic and endocrine, neurological, infectious diseases, psychiatric, and ‘other’ (disseminated intravascular coagulation, extremes of temperature, and sickle cell crises). Links throughout the chapter also point back into the detailed discussion of each relevant presentation that the Oxford Textbook of Medicine provides.