scholarly journals Oportunidades de aprender matemática no Brasil, Chile e Estados Unidos

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (68) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Paula Louzano ◽  
Ariane Faria dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Student ◽  
Mathematics Curriculum ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opportunities To Learn ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Pisa 2012 ◽  
Brazilian Students

<p>Este trabalho utiliza dados do Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 do Brasil, Chile e Estados Unidos para analisar a oportunidade de os alunos de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos em aprender matemática, medida pela exposição a conceitos e problemas dessa disciplina. Os alunos brasileiros apresentam grandes desvantagens em relação aos demais na cobertura curricular e mesmo os alunos mais ricos apresentam baixa probabilidade de exposição curricular frente aos seus colegas dos outros países. Além disso, a probabilidade de nunca terem sido expostos a conceitos e problemas matemáticos aumenta à medida que os conceitos ficam mais complexos, assim como cresce a desigualdade entre os mais pobres e os mais ricos. Portanto, não só observamos grandes desigualdades entre ricos e pobres em suas oportunidades de aprender matemática, mas também baixa exposição curricular dos alunos brasileiros de modo geral.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Oportunidade de Aprendizagem; Pisa; Ensino de Matemática; Currículo.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Oportunidades de aprender Matemáticas en Brasil, Chile y Estados Unidos</strong></p><p>Este trabajo utiliza datos del Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 de Brasil, Chile y Estados Unidos para analizar la oportunidad de que alumnos de distintos niveles socioeconómicos aprendan matemáticas, medida por la exposición a conceptos y problemas de tal disciplina. Los alumnos brasileños presentan grandes desventajas en relación a los demás en la cobertura curricular e incluso los alumnos más ricos presentan baja probabilidad de exposición curricular con relación a sus colegas de los demás países. Por otra parte, la probabilidad de que nunca hayan sido expuestos a conceptos y problemas matemáticos aumenta a medida que los conceptos se hacen más complejos, así como crece la desigualdad entre los más pobres y los más ricos. Por lo tanto, no solo observamos grandes desigualdades entre ricos y pobres en sus oportunidades de aprender matemáticas, sino también una baja exposición curricular de los alumnos brasileños en general.</p><p><strong>Palabras-clave:</strong> Oportunidad de Aprendizaje; Pisa; Enseñanza de Matemáticas; Currículo.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Opportunities to learn Mathematics in Brazil, Chile and the United States</strong></p><p>This paper uses data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 of Brazil, Chile and the United States to analyze the opportunity of students from different socioeconomic backgrounds to learn Mathematics, assessed by the exposure to concepts and problems of this discipline. The Brazilian students present major disadvantages compared to the others in terms of curriculum coverage and even the richest students have a low probability of curriculum exposure compared with their peers from other countries. In addition, the likelihood of never having been exposed to mathematical concepts and problems increases as the concepts become more complex, and as inequality increases between the poorest and the richest. Therefore, not only do we observe large inequalities between rich and poor regarding their opportunities to learn Mathematics, but also a low curriculum exposure of Brazilian students as a whole.</p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Learning Opportunity; Pisa; Teaching of Mathematics; Curriculum.

scholarly journals Can students themselves narrow the socioeconomic-status-based achievement gap through their own persistence and learning time?

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haigen Huang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Achievement Gap ◽  
International Student ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Time ◽  
International Student Assessment

Despite decades of educational reforms, the achievement gap based on socioeconomic status (SES) persists in the United States. Not only does the SES-based achievement gap persist, it has also been widening. This study focused on the role of students, hypothesizing that students might reduce the SES-based achievement gap by increasing their learning time and persistence. I used both ANOVA and two-level hierarchical linear models (HLM) to analyze the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) United States data. The findings suggested that students viewing themselves to be persistent were likely to perform better than those viewing themselves to be less persistent. Also increased time learning in school was associated with increased achievement. However, high-SES students generally spent more time learning in school and viewed themselves to be more persistent. Thus learning time and persistence were not likely to address the SES constraint on achievement for a majority of low-SES students unless schools provided them extra classes and learning opportunities.

scholarly journals School Climate in American Secondary Schools: A Psychometric Examination of PISA 2009 School Climate Scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Letao Sun ◽  
Kenneth D. Royal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Climate ◽  
International Student ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Climate Scale ◽  
Psychometric Quality

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)2009 school climate survey instrument and evaluate perceptions of secondary school principals' located in the UnitedStates about school climate using an Item Response Theory (IRT) methodological approach. In particular, this studysought to determine if the instrument’s items are of sufficient psychometric quality to effectively measure schools'climate status in the United States. Collectively, results indicate the School Climate Assessment (SCA) scale is ofsufficient psychometric quality to effectively measure schools' climate status in the United States. However, there areareas for which the instrument can be improved. Recommendations for improvement are provided.

The Many Faces of Special Education Within RTI Frameworks in the United States and Finland

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piia M. Björn ◽  
Mikko T. Aro ◽  
Tuire K. Koponen ◽  
Lynn S. Fuchs ◽  
Douglas H. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Policy Paper ◽  
The Many ◽  
The U.S

Response to intervention (RTI) can be considered an everyday practice in many parts of the United States, whereas, in Finland, only recently has a new framework for support in learning taken shape. Choosing Finland as the comparative partner for this policy paper is justified as its educational system has been widely referenced on the basis of good Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results. The results of the present comparative article showed first, that the U.S. RTI was primarily intended for diagnosing and preventing learning disabilities whereas the Finnish RTI is mainly an administrative structure for support. Second, the U.S. RTI includes clear definitions regarding the intensity, duration, and content of support provided within each tier whereas the Finnish version contains no explicit guidelines for support. Third, the U.S. RTI assumes no special educational services in the first two tiers, but the Finnish framework includes special educational services from the onset of support. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Fabrication of interview data

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Blasius
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Pisa 2012 ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Copy And Paste ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Evidence from past surveys suggests that some interviewees simplify their responses even in very well-organized and highly respected surveys. This paper aims to demonstrate that some interviewers, too, simplify their task by at least partly fabricating their data, and that, in some survey research institutes, employees simplify their task by fabricating entire interviews via copy and paste. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the principal questionnaires in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 and the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) data, the author applies statistical methods to search for fraudulent methods used by interviewers and employees at survey research organizations. Findings The author provides empirical evidence for potential fraud performed by interviewers and employees of survey research organizations in several countries that participated in PISA 2012 and PIAAC. Practical implications The proposed methods can be used as early as the initial phase of fieldwork to flag potentially problematic interviewer behavior such as copying responses. Originality/value The proposed methodology may help to improve data quality in survey research by detecting fabricated data.

scholarly journals Gender differences in the pathways to higher education

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (25) ◽  
pp. 14073-14076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijsbert Stoet ◽  
David C. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
International Student ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Reading Proficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
International Student Assessment

It is well known that far fewer men than women enroll in tertiary education in the United States and other Western nations. Developed nations vary in the degree to which men are underrepresented, but the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average lies around 45% male students. We use data from the OECD Education at a Glance statistical reports, the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), and the World Values Survey to explain the degree to which men are underrepresented. Using a multiple regression model, we show that the combination of both the national reading proficiency levels of 15-y-old boys and girls and the social attitudes toward girls attending university can predict the enrollment in tertiary education 5 y later. The model also shows that parity in some countries is a result of boys’ poor reading proficiency and negative social attitudes toward girls’ education, which suppresses college enrollment in both sexes, but for different reasons. True equity will at the very least require improvement in boys’ reading competencies and the liberalization of attitudes regarding women’s pursuit of higher education. At this time, there is little reason to expect that the enrollment gap will decrease, given the stagnating reading competencies in most countries.

scholarly journals Defasagem idade-série e letramento científico no Pisa

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (77) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Andriele Ferreira Muri Leite ◽  
Alicia Maria Catalano de Bonamino
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Grade Repetition ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Brazilian Students

<p>O artigo analisa a preparação científica de estudantes brasileiros participantes do Pisa (Programme for International Student Assessment – em português Programa Internacional de Avaliação dos Estudantes), considerando a defasagem idade-série. Foram realizadas uma análise exploratória dos resultados e uma regressão linear para investigar o efeito da variável repetência sobre o desempenho em ciências dos estudantes brasileiros. O estudo mostra que: os estudantes brasileiros estão em desvantagem em relação aos estudantes dos países da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE); a maioria dos estudantes brasileiros não é capaz de realizar as tarefas mais simples estabelecidas pelo Pisa; a diferença entre estudantes brasileiros defasados e estudantes da OCDE alcança 150 pontos em algumas competências; apenas os estudantes brasileiros das séries finais do ensino médio atingem os níveis esperados pelo Pisa.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Pisa, Brasil, Letramento Científico, Defasagem Idade-série.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Distorsión de grado y edad y la competencia científica en Pisa</strong></p><p>El artículo analiza la preparación científica de los estudiantes brasileños que participan en el PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment – en español, Programa Internacional de Evaluación de Estudiantes), teniendo en cuenta la distorsión de grado y edad. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio de los resultados y una regresión lineal para investigar el efecto de la variable de repetición en el rendimiento en ciencias de los estudiantes brasileños. El estudio muestra que: los estudiantes brasileños están en desventaja en comparación con los estudiantes de los países de la Organización para Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico (OCDE); la mayoría de los estudiantes brasileños no puede realizar las tareas más simples establecidas por el PISA; la diferencia entre estudiantes brasileños que presentan distorsión de grado y edad y estudiantes de la OCDE alcanza a 150 puntos en algunas competencias; solo los estudiantes brasileños en los años finales de la escuela secundaria alcanzan los niveles esperados por el PISA.</p><p><strong>Palabras clave: </strong>Pisa, Brasil, Competencia Científica, Distorsión de Grado y Edad.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Age-grade distortion and scientific literacy in Pisa</strong></p><p>The article analyzes the scientific preparation of Brazilian students participating in PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), taking into account the age-grade distortion. An exploratory analysis of the results and a linear regression were carried out to investigate the effect of the grade repetition variable on Brazilian students’ performance in Science. The study shows that: Brazilian students are at a disadvantage compared to students from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries; the majority of Brazilian students are not able to perform the simplest tasks defined by PISA; the difference between Brazilian over-age students and OECD students reaches 150 points in some competencies; only Brazilian students in the final grades of secondary education reach the levels expected by PISA.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Pisa, Brazil, Scientific Literacy, Age-grade Distortion.</p>

scholarly journals Examining school variables affecting PISA 2012 math achievement in Turkey and Shanghai-China

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kale
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Pisa 2012 ◽  
Math Scores ◽  
Model Research ◽  
School Variables ◽  
Research Population ◽  
The Difference

The main purpose of the research is to examine school variables that have effect on Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 math achievement in Turkey and Shanghai-China. The research was designed in casual comparison model. Research population was constituted by student in age group of 15 in Turkey and Shanghai-China in 2012.The sample consists of 4848 students and 170 schools in Turkey and 5177 students and 155 schools in  Shanghai-China that participated in PISA 2012. Two-leveled Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) was used to analyze data because the data collected in PISA 2012 had a hierarchical data structure. As a result of analysis, variability in math scores, 63% in Turkey and  47% in Shanghai-China, was found due to the difference between the mean math scores of schools. It was determined that  MACTIV, SCMATEDU and TCMORALE in Turkey and MACTIV, in Shanghai-China statistically affect on math achievement. Keywords: PISA, school administration, school variables, HLM

scholarly journals Repetência e indisciplina: evidências de Brasil e Portugal no Pisa 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (161) ◽  
pp. 614-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Abud Seabra Matos ◽  
Maria Eugénia Ferrão
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Pisa 2012

Resumo Este trabalho objetiva analisar o fenômeno da repetência escolar no Brasil e em Portugal, por meio dos dados do Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes [Programme for International Student Assessment] - Pisa 2012, e aplicar um modelo de regressão logística multinível tendo a repetência como variável dependente, no sentido de identificar características dos estudantes e das escolas que estejam associadas à probabilidade de repetência para estimar a variabilidade entre escolas. Dentre os principais resultados, a contribuição mais significativa deste estudo é explicitar uma clara associação entre repetência e indisciplina escolar. Pesquisas adicionais baseadas em dados longitudinais são necessárias para investigar aprofundadamente as características dos estudantes e das escolas que estejam associadas à mudança das condições de educação e que influenciam a probabilidade de repetência.

A Note on Construct Validity of the Anchoring Method in PISA 2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazar Stankov ◽  
Jihyun Lee ◽  
Matthias von Davier
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Achievement Scores ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Anchoring Vignettes ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Pisa 2012 ◽  
Country Level

We examine construct validity of the anchoring method used with 12 noncognitive scales from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 project. This method combines individuals’ responses to vignettes and self-rated scores based on Likert-type items. It has been reported that the use of anchoring vignettes can reverse country-level correlations between academic achievement scores and noncognitive measures from negative to positive, and therefore align them with the typically reported individual-level correlations. Using the PISA 2012 data, we show that construct validity of this approach may be open to question because the anchored scales produce a different set of latent dimensions in comparison with nonanchored scales, even though both scales were created from the same set of individual responses. We also demonstrate that only one of three vignettes may be responsible for the resolution of the “paradox” highlighting that the choice of vignettes may be more important than what was previously reported.

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