scholarly journals Comparison of trifocal toric and bifocal toric intraocular lens implantation in patients with cataract and high corneal astigmatism

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1876-1881
Author(s):  
Merve Bozkurt Gencer ◽  
◽  
Erdogan Yasar ◽  
Ozkan Onal ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Toric Iols ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

AIM: To investigate and compare the quality of life, satisfaction, contrast sensitivity, glare, depth perception, and intraocular lens (IOL) rotation in patients who underwent trifocal toric and bifocal toric IOLs. METHODS: A total of 80 eyes of 40 patients were included in this prospective study. Twenty patients in each group were implanted with trifocal toric and bifocal toric IOL, respectively. Preoperative and postoperative 6-month measurements were recorded for both patient groups. Comprehensive anterior and posterior segment examinations, distance-intermediate-near visual acuity values and the visual function scale questionnaire results were evaluated at these examinations. Patient satisfaction, contrast sensitivity, glare, intermediate-near and distance stereopsis and IOL rotation were also evaluated. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of distance and near visual acuities (P=0.269, P=0.451). Intermediate visual acuity was significantly increased in the trifocal toric group (P<0.001). The visual function scale results were increased after surgery in both groups (P=0.001 and P<0.001), with no difference determined between them (P=0.158 and P=0.691). The number of patients wearing glasses was low in both groups and there was no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). The overall satisfaction in the trifocal toric group was significantly higher than in the bifocal toric group (P=0.03). The highest sensitivity was observed at 6 cpd spatial frequency in all patients under photopic conditions (1.80±0.24 logU, 1.74±0.20 logU). Distance-intermediate-near binocular depth perception results in both groups were higher in the trifocal toric group (P=0.02, 0.048, 0.003, respectively). Although there was no significant difference for 3 meters stereopsis, the trifocal toric group had higher depth perception (P=0.577). Mean rotation was 5.76°±3.93° in the trifocal toric group and 12°±7.1° in the bifocal toric group. CONCLUSION: Better results in the middle distance are obtained in the trifocal toric group and less IOL rotation due to digital system-coordinated surgery. Moreover, the overall satisfaction in the trifocal toric group is significantly higher than in the bifocal toric group.

scholarly journals Clinical outcomes with a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge L Alió ◽  
Ana B Plaza-Puche ◽  
Jorge L Alió del Barrio ◽  
Pedro Amat-Peral ◽  
Vicente Ortuño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Near Vision ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Defocus Curve ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

Purpose: To evaluate clinical and visual outcomes, quality of near vision, and intraocular optical quality of patients bilaterally implanted with a trifocal PanOptix intraocular lens. Methods: In this prospective consecutive case-series study, 52 eyes of 26 bilateral patients (mean age, 60.2 ± 7.4 years) were implanted with the AcrySof IQ Panoptix intraocular lens. Visual acuity, defocus curve, contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson test), near activity visual questionnaire, and internal aberrations with Osiris were evaluated. A prototype light-distortion analyzer was used to quantify the postoperative light-distortion indices. The follow-up was 6 months after surgery. Results: Uncorrected, corrected distance, and uncorrected near visual acuities improved with the surgery (p ≤ 0.02). Distance corrected near visual acuity was 0.13 ± 0.10, 0.13 ± 0.13, and 0.13 ± 0.08 at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, respectively (p = 0.82). Distance corrected intermediate visual acuities were 0.09 ± 0.13, 0.13 ± 0.15, and 0.12 ± 0.12 at 1, 3, and 6 months, postoperatively. Binocular contrast sensitivity was 1.86 ± 0.15 Log Units. Defocus curve provided a visual acuity equal or better to 0.30 LogMAR between defocus levels of +0.50 to −3.00 D. The near activity visual questionnaire scores improved significantly with the surgery (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The AcrySof IQ Panoptix intraocular lens is able to restore visual function with an acceptable intermediate and near vision after cataract surgery with good contrast sensitivity and an improvement in the near activity visual questionnaire.

scholarly journals Visual and Refractive Outcomes following Bilateral Implantation of Extended Range of Vision Intraocular Lens with Micromonovision

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Ganesh ◽  
Sheetal Brar ◽  
Archana Pawar ◽  
Kirti J. Relekar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Reading Acuity ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Iol Implantation ◽  
Refractive Outcomes ◽  
Intermediate Vision ◽  
Defocus Curve ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

Purpose. To evaluate the outcomes following bilateral ERV intraocular lens implantation with micromonovision.Methods. 25 subjects underwent bilateral Tecnis Symfony IOL implantation with micromonovision. The dominant eye was targeted for emmetropia and the nondominant eye for myopia of −0.75 D. Uncorrected and corrected distance (UDVA, CDVA), intermediate (UIVA, CIVA), and near visual acuity (UNVA, DCNVA); reading performance; defocus curve; and contrast sensitivity were studied. Follow-ups were conducted at 1 week and 1 and 6 months postoperatively.Results. At 6 months postoperatively, the mean binocular UDVA, CDVA, UNVA, and DCNVA were −0.036 ± 0.09, −0.108 ± 0.07, 0.152 ± 0.11, and 0.216 ± 0.10 logMAR, respectively. Binocular UIVA and DCIVA were 0.048 ± 0.09 and 0.104 ± 0.08 logMAR, respectively, at 60 cm and −0.044 ± 0.09 and 0.012 ± 0.09 logMAR, respectively, at 80 cm. All patients had ≥0.2 logMAR UDVA and UNVA. Reading acuity and reading speeds showed improvement over time. Between defocus range of −2.50 and +1.00 D, the visual acuity remained ≥0.2 logMAR. Contrast sensitivity scores were within the normal range. 4 patients used reading glasses for very fine print.Conclusion. Bilateral ERV IOL implantation leads to excellent outcomes for far and intermediate vision, satisfactory outcomes for near vision, and good tolerance to micromonovision at the end of the 6 months. This trial is registered withCTRI/2015/10/006246.

Visual Function and Subjective Quality of Life in Chinese Cataract Patients after Implantation with Aspheric Intraocular Lenses

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-740
Author(s):  
Yanwen Fang ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Xinhua Wu ◽  
Aizhu Miao ◽  
Yi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cataract Patients

Purpose. To evaluate and compare the objective and subjective visual function after implantation of 2 aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs) in Chinese cataract patients. Methods. Forty-one eyes of 28 patients with cataract were randomly assigned to receive either the MC X11 ASP IOL or the AcrySof IQ IOL. Three months postoperatively, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, wavefront aberrations, and subjective visual quality were measured. The degree of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was recorded at last follow-up. Results. Postoperative mean monocular BCVA was 0.05±0.13 logMAR in the MC X11 group and 0.05±0.08 logMAR in the IQ group. There was no significant difference in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, subjective visual quality, and degree of PCO between the 2 groups. For a 6-mm pupil diameter, the mean spherical aberration (Z40) was 0.075±0.076 μm in the MC X11 group and 0.056±0.111 μm in the IQ group. However, 45.5% and 57.9% of the eyes in the MC X11 and IQ groups had values >0.10 μm, respectively. The mean RMS values of the high-order aberrations were similar between the 2 groups except the higher fifth- and sixth-order aberrations, which were significantly higher in the MC X11 group. Conclusions. Both IOLs provided similar and good visual outcomes. However, the data suggest that the amount of negative spherical aberration generated by current available aspheric IOLs might not be optimal for Chinese eyes.

scholarly journals Rotational Asymmetric Multifocal Intraocular Lens - Use in Patient Undergoing Cataract Surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
P Ziak ◽  
J Halicka ◽  
P Mojzis ◽  
M Kralik ◽  
J Nikel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Visual Rehabilitation ◽  
Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Multifocal Iol ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

Abstract Introduction: A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision. Cataracts are the cause of half of blindness and 33% of visual impairment worldwide. Surgery with phacoemulsification followed by implantation of intraocular lens (IOL) is gold standard treatment for cataract. In some cases multifocal IOLs are used. This is the first published use of rotational asymmetric multifocal IOL in cataract surgery in Slovakia. Method: In the study 78 eyes of 58 patients (mean age 62.3 years) were implanted for a cataract with the rotational asymmetric multifocal IOL. Corrected and uncorrected distance and near visual acuities were analysed preoperatively, 1 month and 6 months postoperatively. Contrast sensitivity was tested at 6 months postoperatively. The Friedman Two -Way Analysis of Variance and Multiple Comparison Test were used for all parameter comparisons, in all cases, the same level of statistical significance (p < 0.05) was considered significant. Results: Average preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity has increased from 0.32 to 0.87 and 0.93 respectively in 1 month and 6 months after surgery (p < 0.05, n = 78). Average preoperative uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) has increased from 0.2 to 0.77 and 0.79 respectively in 1 month and 6 months after surgery (p < 0.05). Average preoperative best corrected distance visual acuity has increased from 0.65 to 0.95 and 1.03 respectively in 1 month and 6 months after surgery (p < 0.05). Significant improvement was found also between preoperative best corrected near visual acuity and UCNVA 1 and 6 month after surgery (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the rotational asymmetric multifocal IOL LS-313 MF 30 provides good visual rehabilitation for near and distance vision after cataract surgery. Contrast sensitivity outcomes account for the patient satisfaction with this innovative IOL technology.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of extended depth of focus intraocular lenses in cataract surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yi Dong ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Depth Of Focus ◽  
Extended Depth Of Focus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

Abstract Background : This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lenes (IOLs) in cataract surgery. Methods: All comparative clinical trials that involved bilaterally implanting EDOF IOLs in patients with cataract were retrieved from the literature database. We used random effects models to pool weighted mean differences (WMD) and risk ratio (RR) for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. Results: Nine studies with a total of 1336 eyes were identified. The subgroup analysis was conducted according to the type of IOLs used in the control group. Compared with monofocal IOLs, EDOF IOLs produced better uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (WMD: -0.17, 95% CI: -0.26 to -0.08, P = 0.0001) and uncorrected near visual acuity (WMD: -0.17, 95% CI: -0.21 to -0.12, P < 0.00001). EDOF IOLs resulted in reduced contrast sensitivity, more frequent halos, however, higher spectacle independence (RR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.06 to 7.46, P = 0.04) than monofocal IOLs. Compared with trifocal IOLs, EDOF IOLs produced worse near visual acuity (MD: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.13, P<0.0001). EDOF IOLs performed better than trifocal IOls in contrast sensitivity, and there were no significant difference in halos and spectacle independence. Serious postoperative complications were rare, with no adverse events were reported in most studies. Conclusions: Increasing the risk of contrast reduction and more frequent halos, EDOF IOLs provided better intermediate and near VAs than monofocal IOLs. At the expense of near vision, patients receiving EDOF IOLs have better contrast sensitivity than those receiving trifocal IOLs. Halo incidence and spectacle independence of EDOF IOLs were similar to those of trifocal IOLs.

scholarly journals Effect of Yellow-Tinted Lenses on Visual Attributes Related to Sports Activities

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimitsu Kohmura ◽  
Shigeki Murakami ◽  
Kazuhiro Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Dynamic Visual Acuity ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Visual Attributes ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination ◽  
Sports Activities

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of colored lenses on visual attributes related to sports activities. The subjects were 24 students (11 females, 13 males; average age 21.0 ±1.2 years) attending a sports university. Lenses of 5 colors were used: colorless, light yellow, dark yellow, light gray, and dark gray. For each lens, measurements were performed in a fixed order: contrast sensitivity, dynamic visual acuity, depth perception, hand-eye coordination and visual acuity and low-contrast visual acuity. The conditions for the measurements of visual acuity and low-contrast visual acuity were in the order of Evening, Evening+Glare, Day, and Day+Glare. There were no significant differences among lenses in dynamic visual acuity and depth perception. For hand-eye coordination, time was significantly shorter with colorless than dark gray lenses. Contrast sensitivity was significantly higher with colorless, light yellow, and light gray lenses than with dark yellow and dark gray lenses. The low-contrast visual acuity test in the Day+Glare condition showed no significant difference among the lenses. In the Evening condition, lowcontrast visual acuity was significantly higher with colorless and light yellow lenses than with dark gray lenses, and in the Evening+Glare condition, low-contrast visual acuity was significantly higher with colorless lenses than with the other colors except light yellow. Under early evening conditions and during sports activities, light yellow lenses do not appear to have an adverse effect on visual attributes.

Visual Function after Implantation of Aniridia Intraocular Lens for Traumatic Aniridia in Vitrectomized Eye

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moghimi ◽  
M. Riazi Esfahani ◽  
M. Maghsoudipour
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Secondary Glaucoma ◽  
Posterior Chamber ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens ◽  
Previous Trauma

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aniridia posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) in traumatic aniridia and aphakia in vitrectomized eyes. Methods Four aphakic patients with traumatic aniridia and previous pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) due to posterior segment trauma enrolled in the study, and had secondary implantation of an aniridia PCIOL. Two patients were men and two women with mean age of 39.25 years. Complete ophthalmic examinations, including preoperative and postoperative visual acuity in dark and light, glare disability, visual function (using VF-9 questions modified from VF-14), stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity in 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycle per degree frequencies, were done for all patients. Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), IOL centration, and intraocular inflammation were monitored. Mean follow-up was 12.25 months (range 7 to 15 months). Results Visual acuity improved in all four patients, especially in the light. Glare was subjectively reduced in all of them. Stereopsis was measurable in three of them postoperatively. Contrast sensitivity improved in all patients, especially in brightness and lower frequencies. All four eyes had improved VF-9. All eyes achieved the desired anatomic results. Two cases developed elevated IOP early after surgery. In one eye, IOP elevation was transient and controlled with antiglaucoma medication, but the other eye, which had secondary glaucoma from previous trauma, required cyclophotocoagulation for the IOP to be controlled. No patient developed chronic uveitis or redetachment. Conclusions The aniridia PCIOL can overcome aphakia, reduce glare, and increase visual function, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis in vitrectomized eyes with traumatic aniridia. Although this kind of IOL appears safe, some disadvantages are secondary glaucoma and reduced visibility of peripheral fundus, and caution should be used in its implantation until more patients with longer follow-up are studied.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Visual Performance and Optical Quality with a Rotationally Asymmetric Multifocal Intraocular Lens and an Apodized Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lens

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Haixia Tu ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Multifocal Intraocular Lens ◽  
Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose. To compare the short-term visual outcomes and intraocular optical performance of a rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) (SBL-3, Lenstec, Inc., Christ Church, Barbados) and an apodized diffractive MIOL (the Acrysof IQ ResTOR SN6AD1, Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, United States). Methods. A prospective, comparative, nonrandomized, and single-center study. Sixty-eight age-related cataract patients (81 eyes) after phacoemulsification cataract surgery and in-the-bag MIOL implantation were enrolled. Thirty-eight eyes received SBL-3, and 43 eyes received SN6AD1. Ophthalmological evaluation included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), modulation transfer function (MTF), Strehl ratio (SR), intraocular aberrations (4 mm optical zone), and defocus curve at 3 months postoperatively. The Chinese version of the visual function index-14 (VF-12-CN) and spectacle independence were assessed in all patients. Results. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in postoperative UDVA (p=0.186). Postoperative UIVA and UNVA were significantly better for the SBL-3 group than for the SN6AD1 group (p<0.01). Statistically significant differences were revealed in defocus levels from –3.50 D to −4.00 D with better visual acuities for the SBL-3 group (p<0.01). For intraocular optical quality outcomes, statistically significant differences between groups were observed in RMS of intraocular total aberrations, coma, and trefoil high-order aberrations, presenting significantly higher values of these parameters in the eyes of the SBL-3 group (p < 0.01). Statistically significant differences were revealed in the MTF values at spatial frequencies of 5 and 10 cycles/degree between groups. There were no significant differences in scores of VF-12-CN, and spectacle independence between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions. Both MIOLs were able to successfully restore visual function after cataract surgery. SBL-3 provided better UIVA and UNVA with a wider range of intermediate vision.

scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes after Binocular Implantation of a New Trifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lens

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian T. A. Kretz ◽  
Detlev Breyer ◽  
Vasilios F. Diakonis ◽  
Karsten Klabe ◽  
Franziska Henke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Iol Implantation ◽  
Refractive Outcomes ◽  
Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Trifocal Iol ◽  
Defocus Curve ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

Purpose.To evaluate visual, refractive, and contrast sensitivity outcomes, as well as the incidence of pseudophakic photic phenomena and patient satisfaction after bilateral diffractive trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.Methods. This prospective nonrandomized study included consecutive patients undergoing cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of a diffractive trifocal IOL (AT LISA tri 839MP, Carl Zeiss Meditec). Distance, intermediate, and near visual outcomes were evaluated as well as the defocus curve and the refractive outcomes 3 months after surgery. Photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity, patient satisfaction, and halo perception were also evaluated.Results.Seventy-six eyes of 38 patients were included; 90% of eyes showed a spherical equivalent within ±0.50 diopters 3 months after surgery. All patients had a binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity of 0.00 LogMAR or better and a binocular uncorrected intermediate visual acuity of 0.10 LogMAR or better, 3 months after surgery. Furthermore, 85% of patients achieved a binocular uncorrected near visual acuity of 0.10 LogMAR or better.Conclusions.Trifocal diffractive IOL implantation seems to provide an effective restoration of visual function for far, intermediate, and near distances, providing high levels of visual quality and patient satisfaction.

scholarly journals Prospective assessment of plate-haptic rotationally asymmetric multifocal toric intraocular lens with near addition of + 1.5 diopters

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuro Oshika ◽  
Kazuno Negishi ◽  
Toru Noda ◽  
Hiroyuki Arai ◽  
Mikio Inamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Rotational Stability ◽  
Intermediate Vision ◽  
Toric Iols ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Prospective Assessment ◽  
Defocus Curve ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

Abstract Background To prospectively evaluate surgical results following implantation of rotationally asymmetric, plate-haptic, refractive segmented multifocal toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) with near addition of + 1.5 diopters (D) (Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15T, Oculentis GmbH). Methods In 59 eyes of 41 patients, ocular examinations were conducted before and 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, uncorrected (UIVA) and distance-corrected (DCIVA) intermediate visual acuity at 70 cm, and uncorrected (UNVA) and distance-corrected (DCNVA) near visual acuity at 30 cm were tested. A defocus curve was drawn, and the degree of disturbing photic phenomena were questioned. Results The IOL showed excellent rotational stability; the average absolute rotation was 1.66 ± 1.17 degrees from 1 day 1 to 6 months postoperatively, and 98.1 and 100% of eyes yielded rotation of less than 5 and 10 degrees, respectively. Postoperative distance and intermediate visual acuity were highly satisfactory; UDVA, CDVA, UIVA, and DCIVA were about 20/20, 20/16, 20/25, 20/25, respectively. Near visual acuity was suboptimal; UNVA and DCNVA were at approximately 20/60. The defocus curve analysis showed that 20/25 and 20/40 uncorrected visual acuity was attained at as close as 60 and 40 cm, respectively. Contrast sensitivity was within a normal range, and subjective photic phenomena were minimum. Conclusions The refractive segmented, rotationally asymmetric multifocal toric IOLs with + 1.5 D near addition showed superb rotational stability and highly satisfactory distance and intermediate vision. Contrast sensitivity was high and incidence of photic symptoms was very low. Trial registration This study was registered at JAPIC Clinical Trials Information, ID: JapicCTI-183,877, https://www.clinicaltrials.jp/cti-user/trial/Search.jsp (February 5, 2018).

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