Performance, Emission and Combustion Analysis of Biodiesel Extracted from Acidic oil: A By-product of Soybean Oil Refining Process

The impact of the olive oil refining process on major antioxidant compound levels was evaluated by means of UHPLC analysis of lampante olive oils collected at different stages of the refining procedure (degumming, chemical and physical flash neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization). For this purpose, the evolution of the tocopherol fraction was investigated by means of the UHPLC-FL method, while the influence of the refining process on the total hydrolyzed phenolic content was assessed by measuring hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol levels after acid hydrolysis of the phenolic extracts. Refining was found to have a marked effect on total hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol contents, as they are completely removed in the early steps of the refining procedure. In contrast, the variation trends of tocopherols are not always clear-cut, and significant decreases in content from 7% to 16% were only revealed during refining in four out of nine samples. In addition, five of the nine refined oils showed final tocopherol concentrations higher than 200 mg/kg, the limit imposed by international standards regarding the content of such compounds in commercial olive oils. This study supports the need for a revision of the International Olive Oil Council (IOC) standard relative to the limit established for tocopherol addition to refined oils to avoid possible legal and economic trade issues.

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Influence of the vegetable oil refining process on free and esterified sterols

Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society ◽

10.1007/s11746-002-0585-4 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 79 (10) ◽

pp. 947-953 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

T. Verleyen ◽

U. Sosinska ◽

S. Ioannidou ◽

R. Verhe ◽

K. Dewettinck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oil ◽

Refining Process ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Esterified Sterols ◽

Vegetable Oil Refining

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Effects of Neutralization, Decoloration, and Deodorization on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons during Laboratory-Scale Oil Refining Process

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2017/7824761 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuxiang Ma ◽

Longkai Shi ◽

Yulan Liu ◽

Qiyu Lu

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Refining Process ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Security Risk ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Deodorized Oils

The influence of technological operations during oil refining process on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in neutralized, bleached, and deodorized oils was investigated on the basis of laboratory-scale study. Under the best experimental conditions, benzo[a]pyrene decreased by 85.1%, 99.7%, and 40.8% in neutralized, bleached, and deodorized oils, respectively. Total of 16 analytes decreased by 55.7%, 87.5%, and 47.7%, respectively. Bleaching with activated charcoal was the most efficient procedure to reduce PAHs in crude oil. Neutralization had a modest influence on sixteen analytes; however, deodorization was only responsible for a slight decrease in the light PAHs and heavy PAHs contents. Data obtained in this study suggest that the use of activated carbon during oil refining process is highly recommended; moreover, these results provide a useful guidance for oil refining plant to reduce security risk and ensure the quality of the vegetable oil products.

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Premium quality hydraulic oils

10.18690/978-961-286-513-9.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Milan Kambič

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

American Petroleum Institute ◽

Refining Process ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Base Oil ◽

Hydraulic Oil ◽

Base Oils

The base of the final product is the base oil. The final product is ready for use and is a mixture of base oil (or several base oils) and additives. Additives improve the properties of the base oil. Base oils can be mineral or synthetic based. Base oils or base stocks are created from separating and cleaning up crude oil. They are one of several liquid components that are created from crude oil. The crude oil refining process will be briefly described. The American Petroleum Institute implemented a system for describing various base oil types. The result was the development and introduction of base oils group numbers. The API numbers of various base oil groups and the main differences between them will be explained. At the end, premium quality hydraulic oil and its main characteristics will be presented.

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Products distribution and hazardous elements migration during pyrolysis of oily sludge from the oil refining process

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132524 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 288 ◽

pp. 132524

Author(s):

Gan Wan ◽

Lei Bei ◽

Jie Yu ◽

Linlin Xu ◽

Lushi Sun

Keyword(s):

Refining Process ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Oily Sludge ◽

Hazardous Elements

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Optimisation of Bleaching Conditions for Soybean Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/1082013205060677 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 443-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Ortega-García ◽

L. A. Medina-Juárez ◽

N. Gámez-Meza ◽

J. A. Noriega-Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Response Surface ◽

Contact Time ◽

Tocopherol Content ◽

Refining Process ◽

Edible Oil ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Partial Vacuum

The refining process applied to soybean oil (SBO) in order to obtain the desirable purity characteristics as edible oil, produces chemical changes by partially removing desirable components such as tocopherols. In this study, the effect of temperature (76.4-143.6°C), contact time (6.4-73.6min) and clay amount (0.16-1.84% w/w) on tocopherol content and quality of SBO were evaluated. Neutralised soybean oil was subjected to bleaching using different clay amounts (Tonsil Optimum 320 FF), stirring (250rpm), and partial vacuum (60mmHg). A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to find the parameters that produce bleached oil with minimum peroxide value (PV), maximum tocopherol retention (TOCR) and light colour. The optimal bleaching conditions for SBO were: temperature, 96°C; time, 23min; clay amount, 1.4% w/w oil. Under these conditions, a bleached soybean oil with 0.1meq/kg of PV, 91.74% of TOCR, and colour 1.53 Lovibond red value units was obtained.

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