scholarly journals Characterization of Ni-Cd Nanostructured System Obtained by Chemical Reduction of Salts

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Pugachev ◽  
Yu.A. Zaharov ◽  
A.S. Valnyukova ◽  
V.G. Dodonov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Fcc Lattice ◽  
High Alkalinity

<p>The process of obtaining of highly dispersed metal powders of Ni-Cd system by reduction of their salts by hydrazine in aqueous medium at high alkalinity was investigated. The possibility of production metal powders containing up to 50 mol% of cadmium is established and conditions for their synthesis are optimized. Phase composition, structural parameters, dispersity of solid products during the reduction process were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SAXS. The formation of metal solid solutions with FCC lattice contradicts to the known phase diagram for Ni-Cd and may be explained by increasing the energy of the particles in the nanostate. The formation of intermetallide NiCd<sub>5</sub> in the studied compositions area is caused by sequential character of reduction process; as a result the metal product on the initial stage of reduction is significantly enriched with cadmium.</p>

Study of Low-Grade Nickel Laterite Processing Using Palm Shell Charcoal as Reductant

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 436-446
Author(s):  
Bambang Suharno ◽  
Nolzha Primadha Ilman ◽  
Achmad Shofi ◽  
Deni Ferdian ◽  
Fajar Nurjaman
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Nickel Grade

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of palm shell charcoal reductant in the selective reduction of nickel ore with the addition of additive at various temperatures and times. In this present work, 10 wt. % of sodium sulfate as additive and 5, 10, 15 wt. % of palm shell charcoal as reductants were used. The reduction of nickel ore was performed at 950oC, 1050oC, and 1150oC for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. A wet magnetic separation method was then carried out to separate the concentrates and tailings. Characterization of reduced ore was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), while the composition of ferronickel in concentrate was identified by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The result showed that the higher temperature reduction, the higher of nickel grade, and its recovery at the concentrate. Nevertheless, the longer reduction time and the more reductant in nickel ore lowering the nickel grade and its recovery in the concentrate. The optimum condition in this selective reduction process was obtained with the addition of 5 wt. % of reductant and 10 wt. % of sodium sulfate in nickel ore, which was reduced at 1150oC for 60 minutes. It resulted in 4.60% and 73.23% for nickel grade and its recovery, respectively.

The Synthesis and Characterization of Oxide Free Tin Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Zhi Long Pan ◽  
Shi Liang Ao ◽  
Jian Ping Jia
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Method ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Reduction Method ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Tin Nanoparticles

Oxide free Tin nanoparticles were synthesized from a chemical reduction method. Their morphological and thermal characterizations were studied in this paper. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that no oxides of Tin nanoparticles were formed. The thermal characterization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) exhibited the size dependency of the melting points. The melting point was as low as 202.16°C.

Copper Coated Iron Powder Prepared by Chemical Reduction Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
Xiao Yun Zhu ◽  
Zhong Cheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Iron Powder ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reduced Iron Powder ◽  
Plating Solution

Using reduced iron powder as raw material, Copper coated iron powder(CCIP) is prepared by electroless alkaline-based plating. We discuss the impacts of reductant concentration, plating solution temperature and main salt concentration on the properties of CCIP. Surface morphology and composition are studied by using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that after coating, the iron powder surface is rougher and the copper layer is uniform in its simple metallic form without any oxide states.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Anchored on Montmorillonite via Chemical Reduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica Louise S. Bonga ◽  
Ma. Manna Farrel B. Pinto ◽  
Mary Fatima T. Tayad
Keyword(s):  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mean Size

Montmorillonite clay particles were decorated with silver (Ag) nanoparticles by chemical reduction of Ag nitrate with sodium citrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) confirmed the presence of metallic Ag on the surface of montmorillonite. The average crystallite size of the Ag nanoparticles obtained from the broadening of the 111 Ag peak ranged at 13-16 nm. On the other hand, the apparent particle sizes obtained from the SEM images were about 79-128 nm, suggesting that the nanoparticles are polycrystalline and possibly agglomerated. The increase in the concentration of reducing agent produced smaller Ag nanoparticles with narrower size distribution. The antibacterial test showed that the Ag nanoparticles, with mean size of 79 nm, adsorbed on montmorillonite were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with an antimicrobial index of 0.4.

Microwave-Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 917-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Hui Xiao ◽  
Shui Sheng Wu ◽  
Yan Lin Sun ◽  
Yu Lin Zhao ◽  
Ya Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Hydrothermal ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Scanning Electron

Graphene was synthesized by microwave-hydrothermal chemical reduction of graphite oxide using hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent. Graphene was characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectrum, FT-IR spectrum and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that the as-prepared graphene was wrinkled and comprised fewer graphenes with a highly crystalline structure.

scholarly journals Characterization of Nanophase Materials by X-Ray Diffraction and Computer Simulation

1989 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Eastman ◽  
L. J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Interplanar Spacing ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanophase Materials ◽  
Boundary Width ◽  
Model Structures

AbstractX-ray diffraction experiments on nanophase Pd have been performed with the primary goal of determining the nature of grain boundary structures in nanophase materials. A kinematical diffraction analysis has been developed to interpret x-ray θ-2θ data by comparing actual scans with scans produced by computer simulation. This simulation program has been used to explore the effects on diffracted intensity of a variety of microstructural and grain boundary structural parameters such as void concentration, grain size, grain boundary width, and changes in interplanar spacing and density in grain boundary regions. It has been found that a reasonable match to experimental data is produced by at least two model structures; in one, the material contains randomly positioned voids or vacancies, while in the other, the interplanar spacings in grain boundary regions are varied with respect to the spacings found in the grain interiors.

Preparation and Characterization of Core-Shell γ-Fe2O3/Au Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 722-726
Author(s):  
Wen Chang Zhuang ◽  
Yu Xiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Uv Visible

Composites have achieved much attention because of their excellent qualities. Core-shell γ-Fe2O3/Au nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction. Their optical properties and morphology were characterized by UV-visible spectrum (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the average particle size and interface structure were also analyzed using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).

scholarly journals Graphene-Silver Nanocomposite: Synthesis, and Adsorption Study of Cibacron Blue Dye from Their Aqueous Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mahdi Rheima ◽  
Dhia Hadi Hussain ◽  
Muntadher M. Alwan Almijbilee
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cibacron Blue ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Silver Nanocomposite ◽  
Pot Technique

Graphene and graphene-silver nanocomposites have been prepared by the Hummers modified method and chemical reduction process in a simple one-pot technique. The electronic microscopes (scanning and transmutation), have been used to diagnose morphology and topography of nanocomposites, and X-ray diffraction is used to characterize the structure of the nanocomposites. The results reveal that the silver nanoparticles were effectively composited onto the nanosheets of the graphene within the diameter of silver particles, ranging from 10 to 22 nanometers. In present study, the synthesized nanocomposites are used as an adsorbent for Cibacron Blue P-6B dye from its aqueous solutions through diverse temperatures (15, 25, 35, 45, and 55 ◦C). Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters (ΔS, ΔH, ΔG) and the order of the adsorption process were calculated.

Squeezing out and Characterization of Silicon from Sand by Mg-Thermite Reduction Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shoriful Islam ◽  
M. A. Sattar ◽  
M. A. Halim ◽  
Md. Asadul Hoque ◽  
Abdul Quader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Silicon Content ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Padma River

Background: Sand is one of the efficient sources of Silicon. We get quite easily the plethora of sand from the river side, Bangladesh. Utilization of the superfluous sand can be assisted to enhance our economy. Methods: In this work, silicon is extracted from sand by metal–thermite reduction process and the sample of sand is collected from padma river Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The process is environmentally benign and low cost. The reduction of the sand was performed with Mg powder, and purification was done by leaching out with HCl and HF. We have studied the structural properties, chemical nature and physical morphology. Results and conclusion: X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the presence of elemental Si in the samples produced by Mg-thermite reduction process and the particle size was found 25.72±1.3 nm in an average. Surface morphology has been studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the particle size seemed around 30 to 40 nm which was comparable to the obtained particle size from XRD. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the presence of Si-Si bonding in the investigating materials. The chemical nature of the sand has been studied by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Silicon content of sand was found about maximum 80%.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles for Diverse Sensing Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3915-3917
Author(s):  
S. Akhtar ◽  
Z. Farid ◽  
H. Ahmed ◽  
S. A. Khan ◽  
Z. N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions

Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized and characterized by a low-cost chemical reduction method. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have pre-occupied the consideration of the scientific community due to their wide range of functions, utility and industrial applications, particularly in the fields of sensing technologies and medicine (particularly their efficiency against microbes, the ability of healing the wound and anti-inflammatory properties). Ag NPs are synthesized by a low-cost fabrication method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX) and photometry techniques are used in this work to identify their nature and potentiality for diverse applications in sensing technologies.

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