Labour force participation rate and unemployment rate Labour force (LF) participation rate and unemployment rate by sex (percent)

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-265
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate

scholarly journals Education and Unemployment in Israel, 1976-1994: Reducing the Anomaly

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob (Yaacov) Weisberg ◽  
Noah M. Meltz
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Low Educated

In industrialized economics, unemployment rates are inversely related to education levels. Data from 1963 to 1994 show that Israël is an anomaly exhibiting an inverted U-shaped relationship. Workers with 9-12 years of schooling consistently experienced a higher level of unemployment than the schooling groups with less and more education. Multivariate regression analysis of data for Israël during the 1976-1994 period indicates that this inverted U-shaped relationship is moderating. The national unemployment rate and a time trend variable had positive and significant effects tending to strengthen the inverted U-shaped relationship. However, an increase in the unemployment rate within the 0-8 education group relative to the 9-12 group and a decline in the labour force participation rate of the 0-8 group overrode these factors, resulting in a flattening of the inverse relationship. The major factor responsible for the anomaly in the education-unemployment relationship in Israël appears to be government policies intended to protect low-educated immigrants with large familles. A reduction in government support over recent years seems to have increased the exposure of the least educated to labour market forces.

scholarly journals GENDER GAP INDEX FOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Shweta Tewari ◽  
Rajshree Chouhan ◽  
Sanjeev
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate

Women account for nearly half of the human resources of a nation and play an important role in the socio-economic development of a country. In India, in spite of focus on women empowerment, condition of women at the work place is not very encouraging. Women often face greater barriers than men in terms of securing a decent jobs, wages and conducive working conditions. Provisions relating to women’s work were introduced in 1891, with amendment of the Factories Act, 1881. After independence, number of provisions has been made in the constitutions to protect the welfare of women workers. Number of protective legislations have also been made and implemented by the government for the interest of women workers. The basic objective behind implementation of these legislation are to provide equal and a decent level of remuneration, proper child care center , maternity relief and decent working conditions to women workers. Despite these constitutional and legislative arrangements to reduce gender gap, women in India are facing discrimination at work place and suffer from harassment. The present paper critically reviewed the effectiveness of government policies and legislations framed and enacted for the welfare of women workers. It also examines the gender dimensions of the trends in various aspects of labour market viz. labour force participation rate, workforce participation rate, unemployment rate and wage rate. An attempt has been made to capture the discrimination at work by computing Gender Gap Index using major indicators of labour market. For computing the index, data for the last four decades has been used. The analysis shows that there are gaps in effective enforcement of relevant laws and implementation of women responsive policies. The gender gap index for employment opportunities and the analysis of major employment indicators showed that gender gap is increasing in many aspects. Major indicators of employment such as Labour Force participation rate, Worker population ratio, Unemployment rate and wages now have larger gender gaps than before.

scholarly journals How Does Government Spending Affect Labour Force Participation and Unemployment Within the WAMZ Countries?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Abdulaleem Moyosore Isiaka
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Long Run

This study utilizes static and dynamic models in examining the short run and long run impacts of government spending on labour force participation and unemployment within the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) over the period 1991-2018. While the static models are estimated using the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) technique and the Least Squares Dummy Variables (LSDV) technique, the dynamic models are estimated using the GMM-IV technique. The GMM-IV technique better addresses endogeneity issues relative to the other techniques utilized and also, the parameters obtained from the technique are confirmed to be consistent by the Arellano-Bond test for zero autocorrelation. Accordingly, this technique is given preference in this paper. The results from the technique reveal that government spending increases the labour force participation rate but has an ambiguous impact on unemployment rate. In the long run, the parameter estimates largely remain unchanged in terms of their sign and significance; however, they increase in size. Based on these findings, this paper firstly recommends that policy makers intensify efforts in increasing government spending; as a reduction may impact negatively on the labour force participation rate. Secondly, this paper recommends the formulation and implementation of fiscal policies that are robust enough to reduce the unemployment rate as they increase the labour force participation rate.

scholarly journals Is the Labour Force Participation Rate Non-Stationary in Romania?

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-426
Author(s):  
Aviral Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Mihai Mutascu
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Nonlinear Process ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to test hysteresis of the Romanian labour force participation rate, by using time series data, with quarterly frequency, covering the period 1999Q1-2013Q4. The main results reveal that the Romanian labour force participation rate is a nonlinear process and has a partial unit root (i.e. it is stationary in the first regime and non-stationary in the second one), the main breaking point being registered around year 2005. In this context, the value of using unemployment rate as an indicator for capturing joblessness in this country is debatable. Starting from 2005, the participation rate has not followed long-term changes in unemployment rate, the disturbances having permanent effects on labour force participation rate.

scholarly journals Fertility and socio-economic determinants: evidence from co-integration and multivariate Granger casualty tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Prakash Kengnal ◽  
Asha Bullappa
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
National Income ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Gross National Income ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Per Capita

Background: The empirical work on fertility determinants widely discusses the role of socio-economic factors like female labour force participation rate, urban population and per capita gross national income in determining fertility rates. The India’s high fertility rate began to decline gradually after late 1950s and continued to fall since then. India achieved almost 31 per cent decline in fertility rate from 1990 to 2012. The objective was to examine the relationship between fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income for India.Methods: This study covers the sample period from 1990-2012. Moreover, the direction of causality between fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income in India using Granger Causality test within the Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM) are examined.Results: As a summary of the empirical results, we found that fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income in India are co-integrated and there is unidirectional Granger Causality between the four variables in long and short-run.Conclusions: The growth in urban population, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income are responsible for the decrease in fertility rate in India.

The Australian labour market in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Birch ◽  
Alison Preston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Part Time

1 This article provides an overview of the key features of the labour market in 2019, with historical data providing insight into recent trends. In 2019, the female labour force participation rate reached an all-time high of 61.3%, 10 percentage points lower than the male rate. Disaggregated analysis shows this growth stems from rising participation amongst older women. This, in turn, is underpinned by a growth in feminised sectors of the labour market, notably the Health Care and Social Assistance sector. Since 2000 this sector has contributed 22.6% to total employment growth and at 2019 accounted for 13.5% of the Australian workforce. There has also been a growth in part-time and casual employment over recent years, with the latter now accounting for 25% of all employees. These are concerning developments, with estimates showing that 58.6% of casuals are not guaranteed a minimum number of hours of work in their job. The article notes that wages growth remains below that required to stimulate employment growth, and that a continued focus on conventional labour market indicators has the potential to lead to misguided policy formulation.

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