scholarly journals Nature vs policy: drought and famine in the northeast of Brazil, 1877-79

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
James Augusto Pires Tiburcio
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Political Theories

Droughts followed by famines were common in Brazil, mainly in Northeast Brazil, until the 1980s and were frequently devastating, destroying livelihoods. A succession of droughts resulted in harvest failure, triggering famines in some cases. Famine-like conditions prevailed mainly in the 1877-79 Grande Seca (Great Drought), in which many died of malnutrition-related causes. In subsequent droughts, famine-like conditions reoccurred, but the extent of starvation-induced deaths declined to almost zero. Do only available political theories and known natural and socio-political factors, such as climate, topography, and market viability, provide sufficient data to investigate the causes of the drought of 1877-1879? The author concludes that there is little or no research, accumulated knowledge and information on the possible factors that satisfactorily explain why the drought and famine episodes were so impactful in that period.

The perspective planning under NEP

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Yury M. Goland
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Perspective Planning ◽  
Sharp Criticism

The article reviews the implementation of the perspective planning in the USSR during the period of the New Economic Policy — NEP, from methodological discussions to the development of five-year plans — sectoral and for the entire national economy. The article analyzes the discussion of the proposal of the first five-year plan submitted by S. Strumilin at the congress of planning bodies in March, 1927. It is shown that the sharp criticism of this plan for being imbalanced by the leading economists of the country, in particular, V. Bazarov and N. Kondratiev, is valid. The author points out the influence of political factors on the planning process. The popular cliche that the forced industrialization in the five-year plan was necessary to prepare for the war is refuted.

RENDIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.) SUBMETIDAS À DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianini Peixoto Bezerra Lima ◽  
José Vanglesio de Aguiar ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa ◽  
Vital Pedro da Silva Paz
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caixa Postal ◽  
Water Depths

RENDIMENTO DE CULTIVARES DE CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata L Walp.) SUBMETIDAS À DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1       Gianini Peixoto Bezerra Lima José Vanglesio de Aguiar Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa Universidade Federal do Ceará – Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola. Campus do Pici. Bloco 804. CEP 60455-760 – Fortaleza-CE Vital Pedro da Silva Paz Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz – Departamento de Engenharia Rural, bolsista da FAPESP. Av. Pádua Dias, 11 – Caixa Postal 11. 13418-900 – Piracicaba-SP       1 RESUMO       O caupi é um dos cultivos mais tradicionais do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, constituindo alimento básico nestas regiões. Com este trabalho foi possível estabelecer relações entre a quantidade de água aplicada e produtividade de grãos, para três variedades de feijão caupi submetidas a diferentes lâminas de água. Para caracterização das lâminas de água foi utilizado um sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional em linha. O controle da irrigação foi realizado a partir de tensiômetros instalados à 15 cm de profundidade. Os resultados mostraram que: i) a cultivar João Paulo II apresentou melhores resultados de produtividade para as lâminas de água aplicadas que variaram de T1 = 291,8 mm a T5 = 141,2 mm; ii) sob condições de reduzida disponibilidade de água, ou seja, menor lâmina aplicada, não ocorreu diferença estatística  para a produtividade entre as cultivares estudadas; e iii) para as condições do estudo, a cultivar Setentão apresentou a menor taxa de redução do produto marginal.       UNITERMOS: caupi, irrigação, função de produção       LIMA, G. P. B., AGUIAR, J. V., COSTA, R. N. T., PAZ, V. P. S. Responses OF cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata L Walp) at differents irrigation deficits     2 ABSTRACT       The caupi is one of the most traditional cultivation of the north and northeast - Brazil, constituting a basic food in these areas. With this work it was possible to establish relationships between the amount of water applied and productivity of grains, for three caupi varieties submitted to different irrigation sheets. To diferentiate water depths in the irrigation system, the aspersion in line was used. The control of the irrigation was accomplished using tensiometers installed to 15 cm of depth. The results showed that: i) the João Paulo II variety presented better productivity for the applied water depths; ii) under reduced conditions of water avai lability for study conditions, these was no significant difference in the productivity reached among the cultivars studied; and iii) for the conditions of the study, the variety Setentão presented the smallest rate of reduction of the marginal product.       KEYWORDS: cowpea, irrigation, production function  

Towards Coherent European Crime Victims Policies and Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Dobrinka Chankova ◽  
Gergana Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Victim Protection ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Protection Order ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Policies And Practices

Abstract This study explores the latest developments on the European scale of the policies and practices towards victims of crime. Due to many economic and political factors a lot of people are in movement and exposed to the risk of becoming victims of crime. During the last decade the statistics already records enhanced victimization of the global European society. These have provoked numerous legislative actions and practical initiatives in order to ensure safety, to prevent falling victims to crime and to protect better victim’s rights and needs. The European Protection Order Directive, Victims’ Directive and Convention against domestic violence, are among the most advanced legal acts worldwide. However, it is observed that their implementation in Europe is asymmetric and sometimes problematic. This paper explores the role of the national governments and specialized agencies and mainly the deficits in their activities leading to the non-usage of victims of all the existing opportunities. The newest supra-national acts aiming at the acceleration of transposition and ratification of these important for the building of victim-friendly environment documents, are discussed. Practical recommendations for a more effective victim protection are developed.

INTERPRETATION OF THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR IN MODERN POLITICAL THEORIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Sayyora Saidova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
Religious Aspect

In the Middle East, the processes for leadership among religious and democratic progress in North Africa require that the state pursue secular policy on a scientific and dialectical basis. Because religious beliefs have become so ingrained in secular life that it is difficult to separate them. Because in the traditions and customs of the people, in various ceremonies, there is a secular as well as a religious aspect. Even the former Soviet Constitution, based on atheism, could not separate them. Religious faith has lived in the human heart despite external prohibitions. National independence has given freedom to religious belief, which is now breathing freely in the barrel. The religious policy of our state strengthens and expands this process and guarantees it constitutionally.

Gender Diversity in Computing: An Environmental Perspective

10.28945/3248 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecille Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Female Household Head ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
Computer Confidence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Research Questions

Previous research conducted by the author investigated the socio-political backgrounds of two groups of female students studying computer-related university programmes. They came from distinctly different backgrounds and were enrolled at two institutions with very different legacies. The author found that socio-political factors, in particular the role of a dominant female household head and aggressive governmental affirmative action, had a significant effect on the girls’ levels of confidence and subsequently on their decision to study computer-related courses. Based on this insight, the researcher undertook to look further into gender diversity with respect to self-perceived general computer confidence and self-perceived ability to program a computer. A sample of both female and male Information T echnology students from very similar disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds was surveyed. The sample of 204 students was drawn from all three years of the National Diploma in Information Technology. The author considered the following research questions: (i) Do males and females studying computer-related courses have differing computer selfefficacy levels? (ii) Do males and females studying computer programming have differing attitudes towards their ability to program? (iii) Do males and females differ in their attitudes towards the programming learning environment?

Per Pinstrup-Anderson, Alan Berg and Martin"Forman (eds.). International Agricultural Research and Human Nutrition. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute, and Rome: UN Administrative Committee on Coordination/ Sub-Committee on Nutrition. 1984. xvii+326 pp.Paperback edition.

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-224
Author(s):  
Sohail Jehangir Malik
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Land Saving

During the last few decades there has been a sharp transition in economic doctrine, within the context of economic growth, on the relative contributions of agriculture and industrial development. There has been a shift away from the earlier 'industrial fundamentalism' to an emphasis on the significance of growth in agricultural productivity and production. The focus, especially in the context of the present-day less developed countries like Pakistan, has sharpened with the rapid growth in demand for food, resulting from the increasing growth in population and the high income-elasticities of the demand for food. Coupled with this is the transition from resource-based agriculture to science-based agriculture. Agricultural economists are unanimous in the view that by the end of this century all increases in world food production will come from higher yields, i.e. increased output per hectare. This increasing emphasis on 'land-saving' technology to increase productivity and production has resuited from the growing population pressures on land and declining land-man ratios. Agricultural research has come to the fore in providing technologies that increase productivity and production. However, these technologies do not explicitly take into account the equity aspects of the problem. The extent to which the poor gain or lose from the introduction of a new agricultural technology depends on a host of complex and interrelated socio-economic and political factors such as the existing distribution of productive resources, access to modem inputs, the structure of the market, etc.

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