The Effect of Insect Defoliation on the Presence and Severity of Fusarium Crown-Rot in Alfalfa

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Lee ◽  
P. D. Colyer ◽  
S. S. Quisenberry
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Insect Defoliation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Alfalfa Medicago sativa L. (‘Fla. 77’) was inoculated with three different isolates of Fusarium and defoliated to varying levels with yellowstriped armyworms, Spodoptera ornithogalli (Guenée), to determine the effect of insect defoliation on the development of crown-rot under greenhouse conditions. There were no significant interactions between short-term insect defoliation and Fusarium crown-rot on forage quality, yield, or root carbohydrate reserves. Although insect defoliation alone did reduce plant height, yield, and maturity (18, 33, and 30% respectively) at the first harvest, no significant effects were observed at two subsequent harvests. Of the three isolates tested, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht was the most virulent. Short-term defoliation did not increase the severity of Fusarium crown-rot in alfalfa.

Development of Fusarium Crown-rot in Alfalfa Stressed by Multiple Defoliations by the Yellowstriped Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Lee ◽  
S. S. Quisenberry ◽  
P. D. Colyer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Insect Defoliation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants (var ‘Florida 77’ and ‘Cimarron’) were injected with Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., and stressed for four consecutive harvests by yellowstriped armyworms, Spodoptera ornithogalli (Gueneé), under greenhouse conditions. No significant interactions existed between insect defoliation and inoculation with F. oxysporum. Insect defoliation alone had significant effects on dry matter yield, stem height, and maturity, but forage quality, root weight, and root carbohydrate levels were not significantly affected. In vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentration in Cimarron was the only forage parameter affected by F. oxysporum.

Combining Ability of Coumestrol Content and its Association with Uterotropic Activity, Yield, and Plant Height in Medicago sativa L. 1

Crop Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Stuthman ◽  
I. S. Chorush ◽  
W. E. Nyquist ◽  
R. L. Davis ◽  
Martin Stob
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Activity Yield ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

scholarly journals Quantitative trait locus mapping of yield and plant height in autotetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei He ◽  
Ruicai Long ◽  
Tiejun Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Locus ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Locus Mapping

Phosphorus seed coatings for pasture species. II. Comparison of effectiveness of phosphorus applied as seed coatings, drilled or broadcast, in promoting early growth of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Scott ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
P Sources

The relative efficiency of phosphorus (P) seed coatings and drilled and broadcast applications of P was investigated in a glasshouse experiment conducted with phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in P-deficient soil. Two P sources (monocalcium phosphate [MCP] and dicalcium phosphate [DCP]) were used at three rates in seed coatings (0, 5 and 10 kg P ha-1) or at six rates each of drilled or broadcast applications (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 kg P ha-1). MCP coatings severely reduced lucerne emergence and hence yield, but had little effect on phalaris emergence. No other fertilizer treatment affected emergence. The height of phalaris plants at 27 days after sowing (d.a.s.) was increased as much by seed coatings containing MCP at 5 kg P ha-1 as by drill or broadcast applications of MCP at 20 kg P ha-1. Plant height of the MCP seed coating treatments was also less variable than the other application methods, suggesting that the coatings provided more uniform access to P. Seed coatings containing DCP at 10 kg P ha-1 increased phalaris plant height more than did drilled or broadcast applications at 40 kg P ha-1, but there was no effect of any DCP treatment on lucerne growth at 27 d.a.s. The relatively large differences observed in plant height between different application methods at 27 d.a.s. diminished over time until, at 57 d.a.s., only small differences were evident. The dry matter yield and P content of both species were increased by increasing rates of MCP, but DCP had little effect at any rate. The reduced differences between the seed coating treatments and the other application methods at harvest may have been due to the limited soil volume of the pots used; further work is necessary in larger soil volumes to determine the significance of the early growth advantage conferred on phalaris by the phosphorus seed coatings, and to find ways of protecting lucerne from soluble P sources during germination.

Rhizobium symbiosis contribution to short-term salt stress tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 402 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafang Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Yuman Cao ◽  
Tianming Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

AC Nordica alfalfa

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Goplen ◽  
B. D. Gossen
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AC Nordica alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was developed by the Agriculture Canada Research Station at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. It is similar to Beaver alfalfa in having a broad crown and a tap root with many branches. AC Nordica is 1–2 d earlier in maturity than Beaver. It is shorter than Beaver at 10% bloom, is slightly slower in regrowth following harvest, and displays less spring vigor. However, it excels in winter hardiness, rating similar to Anik and Drylander alfalfa. AC Nordica is highly resistant to bacterial wilt (Clavibacter michiganense subsp. insidiosum [McCulloch] Davis, Gillaspie, Vidaver & Harris), and moderately resistant to snow mold (Coprinus psychromorbidus Redhead & Traquair). AC Nordica is intended as a special-purpose cultivar for the northern prairies, the Peace River area of Alberta, and other high snowfall areas where snow mold (winter crown rot) may occur and where extreme winter hardiness is required. Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago sativa, winter hardiness, winter crown rot, snow mold, cultivar description

Forage Quality Components in Grazing-Type Lucerne (Medicago sativa L. complex)

2001 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pecetti ◽  
N. Berardo ◽  
M. Odoardi ◽  
E. Piano
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

GENETIC VARIATION FOR FORAGE QUALITY OF ALFALFA STEMS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. BUXTON ◽  
G. C. MARTEN ◽  
J. S. HORNSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

When normally harvested for hay, the basal portion of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stems is low in forage quality. This study was conducted to determine whether genetic variation for in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and crude protein (CP) concentration of stems of perennial Medicago spp. could be identified and whether morphological and chemical traits were associated with variation in these characteristics of stems. The lower six nodes and internodes of stems and total herbage from 64 Plant Introduction (PI) accessions and five cultivars of field-grown plants were harvested twice when most plants were at the early seed-pod stage of maturity. Several morphological and growth traits were measured, and both stems and total herbage were evaluated for IVDDM and CP concentration. Covariant analysis was used to adjust in IVDDM and CP concentration of stems for differences in plant maturity. Significant variation for IVDDM and CP concentration in stems existed among the cultivars and among the accessions. Some accessions had significantly higher stem IVDDM or CP concentration than control cultivars. The M. sativa accession, PI 440496, had the fourth highest stem IVDDM and third highest stem CP, with concentrations of 374 and 79 g kg−1, respectively. The number of ridges on stems (stem shape) was significantly correlated with stem IVDDM and CP concentration with average correlation coefficients of 0.30 and 0.35, respectively. Cell-wall concentration and lignin concentration per unit cell wall of stems were both negatively correlated with stem IVDDM and CP concentration. Selection for improved nutritive value of stems may have potential for improving the nutritive value of alfalfa herbage.Key words: Alfalfa, forage quality, crude protein, in vitro digestibility, Medicago sativa L.

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