scholarly journals Relative Frequency of Blood-Borne Viruses in Hemodialysis-Dependent and Kidney Transplant Recipients in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh HATATIAN ◽  
Farzad BABAKHANI ◽  
Hoda GUDARZI ◽  
Navid MOMENIFAR ◽  
Mehdi NOROUZI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients and kidney transplant (KT) recipients are exposed to be infected by blood-borne viruses (BBVs). Current study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of BBVs in HD and KT patients in the whole Iranian population. Methods: From Jan 2016 to Dec 2017, 174 hemodialysis and 139 kidney transplant recipients enrolled in this survey. After blood sampling, serum samples were detected for HBV, HCV, HCMV, HIV and HTLV antibodies. Seropositive samples confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Overall, 6 (3.44%) and 3 (2.15%) of hemodialysis-dependent and transplantation patients had evidence of HCV infection, whereas no patients were HIV and HBV positive, two cases (1.14%) of hemodialysis and one case (0.71%) of transplantation patients demonstrated the HTLV-1 infection. 52 (37.4%) of patients received graft were positive for HCMV antibody. In addition, our study showed a co-infection of HCMV with HCV (3 patients, 2.15%) in transplantation patients. Conclusion: Prevalence of BBVs infection was lower in comparison to the previous studies. The current strict infection control practices in Iran appear to be effective in limiting dialysis and related infections after transplantation. Because BBVs infections constantly occur especially in dialysis and after transplantation units, our data will be useful to build a new strategic plan for the elimination of BBVs infection in kidney therapycenters.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-355
Author(s):  
R. O. Kantariya ◽  
Ya. G. Moysyuk ◽  
E. I. Prokopenko ◽  
A. R. Karapityan ◽  
A. A. Ammosov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Age ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction. The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Kidney transplant recipients are at high risk of a more severe course of coronavirus infection due to ongoing immunosuppression, a high comorbidity index, and elder age.Aim. To investigate the features of the clinical course, the treatment applied and also the outcomes of the new coronavirus infection in patients after kidney transplantation.Material and methods. The retrospective study included 69 adult kidney transplant recipients continuously followed-up by our transplant nephrology service and who fell ill with COVID-19 from April 2020 till February 2021. The comparison study of the clinical pattern, laboratory and instrumental test results, treatment features and outcomes was made.Results. The most common clinical symptoms were hyperthermia (85.5%, n= 59), weakness (65.2%, n=45) and cough (52.2%, n=36), other symptoms were significantly less common. In 89.5% of cases (n=60), the virus ribonucleic acid was detected at least once by polymerase chain reaction; in 10.5% of cases (n=7), the polymerase chain reaction results were negative. According to CT, the extent of lung tissue lesion was identified as CT1 stage in 28 patients (46.7%), CT2 stage in 24 (40%); and only in 8 (13%) patients the lesion was assessed as CT3. Later on the number of patients with more than 50% lung damage increased to 16 (26.7%) and in 1 case the severity of lung tissue damage was consistent with CT4. Typical features for all patients were anemia and lymphopenia of varying severity, hypoproteinemia, increased serum creatinine and urea, C-reactive protein, ferritin, procalcitonin and D-dimer in the laboratory test results. The treatment included antiviral, antibacterial, anticoagulant therapy, corticosteroids, biological anti-cytokine drugs. In 95% of cases (n=66), the maintenance immunosuppressive therapy was changed up to complete withdrawal of the certain components. The patient survival rate with a functioning graft was 76.8% (n=53), the graft loss was observed in 4.3% of cases (n=3), and the lethal outcome was reported in 18.8% (n=13). The cause of death was a severe respiratory distress syndrome with multiple organ dysfunction complicated by sepsis and septic shock in 8 patients (61.5%). Invasive ventilation and hemodialysis were associated with 17.2 (p<0.00001) and 21.5 (p<0.0006) times higher risk of death, respectively.Conclusions. Severe lymphopenia is associated with a clinical worsening of the COVID-19 course. Predictors of fatal outcome were identified as follows: bacterial sepsis, invasive ventilation, the need for renal replacement therapy (p<0.00001). Immunosuppression adjustment should be personalized considering the severity of infection, age, comorbidities, post-transplant timeframe, and the risk of rejection.><0.00001). Immunosuppression adjustment should be personalized considering the severity of infection, age, comorbidities, post-transplant timeframe, and the risk of rejection.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF INFECTION IN RABBITS CHALLENGED WITH L. interrogans SEROTYPE hardjo

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Živoslav Grgić ◽  
Bosiljka Đuričić ◽  
Branka Vidić ◽  
Sara Savić ◽  
Ivan Pušić
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Keeping up-to-date with modern diagnostic techniques for leptospirosis as well as continuous improvement of laboratory diagnostic methods resulted in abundant knowledge on the nature and consequences of this infection and its importance in both human and veterinary medicine. In that respect, development and introduction of novel diagnostic tests and procedures have become the paramount issue in the diagnostics of leptospirosis and related infectious diseases. Thus, the goal of this research was to investigate the application of diverse laboratory methods and to evaluate their validity in the diagnostics of leptospirosis. Eleven rabbits were artificially infected with live cultures of L. interrogans serovar hardjo by the method of skin scarification. Blood and blood serum samples of challenged animals were collected every other day throughout the 3-week period (i.e. until day 21), and then once weekly during following five weeks. Blood sera were tested for the presence of L. interrogans serovar hardjo specific antibodies applying the methods of microscopic agglutination (MA) test and ELISA. Blood samples were examined using the method of cultivation in liquid medium by Johnson supplemented with 200μg/1ml 5- fluorouracil (5-FU). Presence/absence of L.interrogans serovar hardjo was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. In this reaction, a pair of primers separated from the basic structure of the Leptospira interrogans rrs (16S) gene. In MA test, the presence of specific antibodies against L. hardjo in rabbits was confirmed in 67 (36.61%) of 183 investigated sera. Initial positive specific antibody finding was recorded on day 9 post challenge, and it persisted until day 17. In ELISA test, positive and suspect findings were confirmed in 67 and 18 samples, respectively. Initial ELISA-positive finding was observed on day 15, showing increasing tendency throughout the monitoring period and reaching its maximum value on day 42. Method of blood sample cultivation resulted in isolation of L. interrogans serovar hardjo in 33 (18.03%) on day 3 at the earliest, whilst highest isolation rate was observed on day 17 post challenge. Applying polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, genome or genome sequences of L. interrogans serovar hardjo were detected in 67 (56.30%) out of 119 blood serum samples. PCR method revealed positive finding as early as on day 1 post challenge, whereas the highest rate of positive findings was recorded on day 19. Comparison of the results obtained by methods of cultivation and PCR during the period from experimental day 1 to 21, i.e. period prior to administration of chemotherapeutic agents, demonstrated high level of linear correlation of r = 0.8105 at the 0.01 significance level. After dihydrostreptomycin therapy administered from day 21 post infection, L. interrogans serovar hardjo could not be isolated using the method of blood sample cultivation. Contrary to that, PCR method revealed the presence of L. interrogans serovar hardjo genome in 23 samples.

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