Evaluation of the Outcome of Antiviral Therapy among Individuals Infected HIV-1 in Suqian District of Jiangsu Province, China

Background: To evaluate the condition of antiviral therapy (ART) for individuals infected HIV-1 in Suqian district of Jiangsu Province, China. Methods: Altogether, 561 HIV-positive patients who received antiviral therapy in Suqian district in 2019 were recruited. EDTA anticoagulated blood was collected and separated to obtain the plasma samples. Viral load (VL) were tested for evaluating the outcome of ART. Then samples with VL beyond 1000IU/mL were used to conduct the molecular test in order to master the characters of HIV-1 and the prevalence of resistance strains. Results: VL results showed that the virus in 91.1% of the patients who received continuous antiviral treatment for more than 6 months were effectively inhibited (VL ≤ 1000 IU / ml). Among the 50 patients who failed in the treatment, 46 HIV-1 pol gene sequences were obtained, and the positive rate was 92.0%. The most prevalent strain was CRF_ 07bc (32.6%), and new epidemic strains, such as 67_01B、79_0107、87_cpx, were popular in this district. Drug resistance test results showed that 56.5% of the patients failed in antiviral treatment due to drug resistance, mainly resistant to the national first-line antiviral drug 3TC. Drug-resistant strains were not found in 43.5% of the patients. Conclusion: ART achieved a satisfied result in Suqian district, but the main cause resulting in ART-failure was resistant, so it is very necessary to enhance the education of adherence prior to the initiation of ART.

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High frequency of antiviral drug resistance and non-b subtypes in HIV-1 patients failing antiviral therapy in Cuba

Journal of the International AIDS Society ◽

10.7448/ias.17.4.19754 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 19754 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vivian Kouri ◽

Yoan Alemán ◽

Lissette Pérez ◽

Jorge Pérez ◽

Carlos Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antiviral Therapy ◽

High Frequency ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Antiviral Drug Resistance ◽

Hiv 1

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High frequency of antiviral drug resistance and non-B subtypes in HIV-1 patients failing antiviral therapy in Cuba

Journal of Clinical Virology ◽

10.1016/j.jcv.2012.08.019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 348-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Vivian Kourí ◽

Yoan Alemán ◽

Lissette Pérez ◽

Jorge Pérez ◽

Carlos Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antiviral Therapy ◽

High Frequency ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Antiviral Drug Resistance ◽

Hiv 1

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HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and antiviral drug resistance. Part 1

Current Opinion in Virology ◽

10.1016/j.coviro.2013.03.012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 111-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

Kalyan Das ◽

Eddy Arnold

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Antiviral Drug Resistance ◽

Hiv 1

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Multiple Influenza A (H3N2) Mutations Conferring Resistance to Neuraminidase Inhibitors in a Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.03667-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (12) ◽

pp. 7188-7197 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Alireza Eshaghi ◽

Sarah Shalhoub ◽

Paul Rosenfeld ◽

Aimin Li ◽

Rachel R. Higgins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Antiviral Therapy ◽

Influenza A ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Marrow Transplant ◽

Viral Fitness ◽

H3n2 Virus ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Resistant Strains

ABSTRACTImmunocompromised patients are predisposed to infections caused by influenza virus. Influenza virus may produce considerable morbidity, including protracted illness and prolonged viral shedding in these patients, thus prompting higher doses and prolonged courses of antiviral therapy. This approach may promote the emergence of resistant strains. Characterization of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor (NAI)-resistant strains of influenza A virus is essential for documenting causes of resistance. In this study, using quantitative real-time PCR along with conventional Sanger sequencing, we identified an NAI-resistant strain of influenza A (H3N2) virus in an immunocompromised patient. In-depth analysis by deep gene sequencing revealed that various known markers of antiviral resistance, including transient R292K and Q136K substitutions and a sustained E119K (N2 numbering) substitution in the NA protein emerged during prolonged antiviral therapy. In addition, a combination of a 4-amino-acid deletion at residues 245 to 248 (Δ245-248) accompanied by the E119V substitution occurred, causing resistance to or reduced inhibition by NAIs (oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir). Resistant variants within a pool of viral quasispecies arose during combined antiviral treatment. More research is needed to understand the interplay of drug resistance mutations, viral fitness, and transmission.

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Intron-containing RNA from the HIV-1 provirus activates type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines

10.1101/128447 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sean Matthew McCauley ◽

Kyusik Kim ◽

Anetta Nowosielska ◽

Ann Dauphin ◽

Leonid Yurkovetskiy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Antiviral Therapy ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Cell Types ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Type I ◽

Infected People ◽

Innate Immune Signaling ◽

Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽

Hiv 1

ABSTRACTHIV-1-infected people who take drugs that suppress viremia to undetectable levels are protected from developing AIDS. Nonetheless, these individuals have chronic inflammation associated with heightened risk of cardiovascular pathology. HIV-1 establishes proviruses in long-lived CD4+memory T cells, and perhaps other cell types, that preclude elimination of the virus even after years of continuous antiviral therapy. Though the majority of proviruses that persist during antiviral therapy are defective for production of infectious virions, many are expressed, raising the possibility that the HIV-1provirus or its transcripts contribute to ongoing inflammation. Here we found that the HIV-1 provirus activated innate immune signaling in isolated dendritic cells, macrophages, and CD4+T cells. Immune activation required transcription from the HIV-1 provirus and expression of CRM1-dependent, Rev-dependent, RRE-containing, unspliced HIV-1 RNA. Ifrevwas providedin trans, all HIV-1 coding sequences were dispensable for activation except thosecis-acting sequences required for replication or splicing. These results indicate that the complex, post-transcriptional regulation intrinsic to HIV-1 RNA is detected by the innate immune system as a danger signal, and that drugs which disrupt HIV-1 transcription or HIV-1 RNA metabolism would add qualitative benefit to current antiviral drug regimens.

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