scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid Effect on Morphine Withdrawal Symptoms in Rats

Author(s):  
Abdollah Farhadi Nasab ◽  
Safoura Raoufi ◽  
Naghmeh Bahrami

Introduction: Today, drug addiction is an important healthcare issue. Any helps to drug withdrawal may decrease its prevalence in the society. Ascorbic acid is a component, which can affect neurotransmitter systems as a regulator along with its cofactor role. Noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems are two important neurotransmitter systems in the opiate withdrawal syndrome. It seems that ascorbic acid can decrease the symptoms of opiate withdrawal through regulating the related systems. In this regard, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid on the symptoms of morphine withdrawal in Syrian mice. Materials and Methods: Male Syrian mice in eight experimental groups received incremental doses of morphine as 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg within the first, second, third, and fourth days of the experiment, respectively, through intraperitoneal injection, twice a day, and the control group received and equal amount of saline. On the fifth day, six groups of morphine addicts received ascorbic acid with six doses of 10, 50, 100, 200,400 and 800 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection. Then, naloxone 2 mg/kg was injected to all groups including morphine alone and morphine with acute does of ascorbic acid. Then, withdrawal symptoms were evaluated for 30 minutes. Results: Administration of an acute dose of ascorbic acid reduced dose dependent withdrawal symptoms in such a way that 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg doses of ascorbic acid reduced “writhing” symptom, 200 mg/kg reduced “jumping” symptom, and 400 and 800 mg/kg reduced “climbing, jumping, and standing” symptoms. Conclusion: It seems that ascorbic acid administration can improve the symptoms of opiate withdrawal syndrome. More studies on human population can also indicate the therapeutic effect of ascorbic acid on drug withdrawal.

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grania T. Phillips ◽  
Michael Gossop ◽  
Brendan Bradley

Psychological and drug-related variables and their effect on the severity of withdrawal symptoms were examined in a group of addicts being withdrawn from opiates on an in-patient drug dependence unit. Two psychological factors—neuroticism and the degree of distress expected by the patient—were related to subsequent severity of symptoms. Both are anxiety-related, and may serve to amplify withdrawal symptoms. Surprisingly, drug dose was unrelated to symptom severity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Rabiei ◽  
Zahra Lorigooini ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian Kopaei

<p class="Abstract">The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of <em>Borago officinalis</em> on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice. Morphine-dependent group received morphine for nine days and then received naloxone via intraperitoneal injection.  Control group received saline for nine days. Post-treated group received <em>B. </em>officinalis extract intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg) on the day 10 before naloxone injection. Co-treated group received <em>B. </em>officinalis extract intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg) and morphine for nine days and then received naloxone. Extract-treated group received extract for nine days and then received naloxone. Naloxone injection significantly increased the frequency of jumping, blinking, ptosis, defecation, paw trembling, and two-legged standing in comparison to the control group. Co-treatment and post-treatment with <em>B. officinalis</em> extract significantly decreased the withdrawal symptoms. In conclusion, hydroalcoholic extract of <em>B. </em>officinalis significantly attenuated the symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome.</p><p><strong>Video Clip</strong>:</p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/TCNzTxZeGjw">Part 1</a>: 8 min 11 sec </p>


2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1697-1697
Author(s):  
A. Alijarahi ◽  
M. Amini ◽  
M.H. Esmaeili

BackgroundRecent studies indicate that the glutamatergic and Dopaminergic systems are also involved in morphine tolerance and dependence on morphine and in morphine withdrawal syndrome. Ascorbic acid (ascorbate) which is an antioxidant vitamin released from glutamatergic neurons and modulate the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate as well as behavior. Since Ascorbate modulate the synaptic action of dopamine and glutamate, in this study the effect of Ascorbate on morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats has been investigated.Objectiveto determine the effects of Ascorbic acid on morphine withdrawal syndrome.Methods30 Male rats (250–300 gr) were tested in this study in two group, The first group as the control group received 3% sucrose in tap water(n = 6) and the second group as the dependent group received morphine (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg/ml each one for 48 h, and 0.4 mg/ml remaining days to 21st days) and 3% sucrose in tap water (n = 24) , this group divided in to 4 sub groups: ((1) morphine group, [2,3,4] morphine-Ascorbic acid groups which received AA (100,500,1000 mg/kg I.P) every 48h and in the end (21st day) 30 min before naloxone administration for evaluation effects of AA on withdrawal signs.FindingOur results show that: Ascorbate (100, 500, 1000 mg/kg I.P) can greatly attenuates most of morphine withdrawal syndrome(but not all) dose dependently.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Keshavarzi ◽  
Ali Hassanalizade ◽  
Akram Ranjbar ◽  
Ali Ghaleiha ◽  
Seyed Yaser Vafaei ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Opioid withdrawal can induce oxidative stress in opioid addicts. This interventional study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on the oxidative profile of patients with an opioid withdrawal syndrome. Methods In the current study, 40 patients aged 18 to 65 years with opioid withdrawal syndrome were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups, each with 20 subjects. In addition to standard treatment, the intervention group received 30 mg of zinc daily, while the control group was given a placebo for one month. They were evaluated using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) for withdrawal symptoms. Moreover, other parameters included catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol groups (TTG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results The rate of withdrawal symptoms (COWS) was statistically significantly lower in the treated group in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). In the treatment group, the levels of TAC, CAT, SOD, and GPx increased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In the treatment group compared to the control group, there was a statistically significant decrease in hs-CRP, MDA, and TNFα (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results revealed that zinc supplementation could effectively reduce withdrawal symptoms by increasing antioxidant activity and reducing the lipid peroxidation index.


Author(s):  
Т.П. Ветлугина ◽  
Е.В. Матафонова ◽  
Н.А. Бохан ◽  
В.Б. Никитина ◽  
А.И. Мандель ◽  
...  

Цель исследования: изучение динамики показателей иммунитета и уровня кортизола у больных опийной наркоманией в процессе терапии синдрома отмены. Методика. В исследование включено 136 больных опийной наркоманией (инъекции экстракта опия) с сформировавшейся физической зависимостью. Пациенты получали в стационаре стандартную терапию с полной отменой наркотика. Исследование проводилось на следующих этапах: при поступлении в стационар (опийный абстинентный синдром - ОАС); на 5-7-е сут. терапии (переход в постабстинентное состояние - ПАС); на 25-28-е сут. лечения (становление терапевтической ремиссии - СТР). Лабораторные методы включали определение количества лимфоцитов с рецепторами CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); содержание иммуноглобулинов М, G, А, уровня кортизола и циркулирующих иммунных комплексов (ЦИК) в сыворотке крови. Результаты. Основной иммуноэндокринный паттерн на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены характеризуется дефицитом субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов CD3, CD4, СD8; увеличением числа лимфоцитов с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); активацией гуморальных факторов иммунитета (IgM, IgG, ЦИК); высокой концентрацией кортизола. На этапе ОАС и ПАС эти изменения были наиболее выражены; на 25-28-е сут. лечения отмечена позитивная динамика Т-лимфоцитов СD3 и цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов (СD8); хелперы/индукторы CD4 оставались устойчиво сниженными; D-RFC лимфоциты, параметры гуморального иммунитета и концентрация кортизола - повышенными. Длительный срок наркотизации при употреблении высоких доз наркотика связан с большей выраженностью нарушений. Заключение. Установленная дизрегуляция параметров иммуноэндокринной системы у больных опийной наркоманией на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены в наблюдаемые сроки (25-28 сут.) свидетельствует о неустойчивости достигнутой терапевтической ремиссии и необходимости проведения дальнейших реабилитационных мероприятий. The purpose: investigate changes in immunity parameters and cortisol level in subjects with opiate addiction during the treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome. Methods. The study enrolled 136 subjects with opiate addiction with physical dependence receiving injections of opium extract. Patients received conventional therapy with complete opiate withdrawal. The study was performed at the following stages: at admission to the hospital (acute withdrawal syndrome (AWS); on days 5-7 of therapy (transition into post-withdrawal state - PWS); on days 25-28 of therapy (formation of therapeutic remission - FTR). Laboratory methods included determination count of lymphocytes with receptors CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, with receptors to dopamine (D-RFC); the serum levels of IgМ, IgG, IgА, cortisol, circulating immune complexes (CIC). Results. The principal immunoendocrine pattern for all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy is characterized in comparison to the reference normal values quantitative deficit of CD3, CD4, СD8 Т-lymphocyte subpopulations, increased count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine, activation of humoral immunity factors (IgM, IgG, CIC), high cortisol level. At AWS and PAS stages such changes are most pronounced; on days 25-28 of therapy positive changes in cytotoxic Т-lymphocytes (СD8) and Т-lymphocytes СD3 was revealed. CD4 count remained steadily reduced, count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine and cortisol level were elevated. Clinical and immunological analysis demonstrated that consumption of high opiate doses, long-term narcotization are associated with higher intensity of disorders detected. Conclusion. Dysregulation of immunoendocrine parameters was revealed in subjects with opiate addiction at all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy within the term observed evidencing instability of therapeutic remission achieved and necessity in further rehabilitation events.


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