scholarly journals In Vitro Regeneration of Coconut Plantlets from Immature Inflorescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shareefa ◽  
Regi J. Thomas ◽  
J. S. Sreelekshmi ◽  
M. K. Rajesh ◽  
Anitha Karun
Keyword(s):  
Immature Inflorescence

scholarly journals Coconut Tissue Culture: The Indian Initiatives, Experiences and Achievements

CORD ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Anitha Karun
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Coconut is one of the principal crops of India cultivated in over 35 districts mainly in the southern states. The productivity of the crop is declining in many of the traditionally cultivated regions owing to ageing plantations as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. These plantations are to be replanted with high yielding varieties/hybrids for which adequate quantity of quality planting material is not available. Even though tissue culture research was initiated in many laboratories in the country, the work was eventually phased out in most of the laboratories for want of a repeatable protocol.  At ICAR-CPCRI, coconut tissue culture programs have been continuing for the past three decades. The attempts made include experimentation with different explants viz., immature inflorescence, plumular tissues, mature palm shoot meristem, ovary and anthers and different culture media supplemented with varying levels and types of hormones. Some of the successful protocols developed at the Institute include coconut zygotic embryo culture for collection and exchange of germplasm, cryopreservation and retrieval of zygotic embryos and pollen and plantlet regeneration from plumular tissues. Even though ICAR-CPCRI has succeeded in obtaining plantlets via direct organogenesis from inflorescence explants, the absence of friable calli formation from explants, the low rate of somatic embryo formation, large number of cultures turning to abnormal shoot development, non conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets, and formation of abnormal somatic embryos remain the major bottlenecks. Gene expression studies are being currently undertaken to decipher the molecular basis of in vitro recalcitrance.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) Embryogenic Calli by V Cryo-plate Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Kilingar Subrahmanya Muralikrishna ◽  
Kalathil Kundanchery Sajini ◽  
Pulikuthi Kavya ◽  
Krishna Prakash ◽  
Abdulla Abdulla Sabana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
Plate Technique ◽  
Plantlet Production ◽  
Scot Marker ◽  
Palm Species

Aims: Arecanut, a perennial palm species of Arecaceae family, has huge commercial value, and is grown mainly for its masticatory nuts. The ever-increasing demand for uniform quality plantlets from growers necessitates putting in place In vitro mass multiplication and other crop improvement programmes. The present study was carried out to standardize the procedure for cryopreservation of embryogenic calli of arecanut, derived from immature inflorescence cultures, by vitrification based cryo-plate technique. Study Design: Completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kerala, India during 2019. Methodology: The embryogenic calli were precultured in Eeuwen's Y3 basal medium supplemented with sucrose (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 M) for three days. Explants were affixed on cryo-plates and later dehydrated using plant vitrification solution 3 (PVS3) for 30 min. Cryoplates were inserted in cryovials and cryopreserved. Explants with no cryostorage served as control. Explants were rewarmed quickly in a water bath (40ºC) for 2 min and treated with unloading solution and cultured on recovery medium. Results: The results showed 8-10 % recovery of embryogenic calli that resulted in normal plantlet production. The clonal fidelity studies, using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) marker, showed no variation of cryopreserved calli in comparison to the original calli. Conclusion: This preliminary study demonstrated the successful use of vitrification (V) cryo-plate technique in cryopreservation of embryogenic calli of arecanut. With better recovery percentage, the optimal concentration of sucrose in the preculture medium was found to be 0.3 M. Desiccation in PVS3 solution for 30 min had no adverse effect.

scholarly journals Siliplant1 protein precipitates silica in sorghum silica cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (21) ◽  
pp. 6830-6843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Nurit Adiram-Filiba ◽  
Shula Blum ◽  
Javier Arturo Sanchez-Lopez ◽  
Oren Tzfadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Uncharacterized Protein ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Leaf Epidermal Cell ◽  
Transient Overexpression

Abstract Silicon is absorbed by plant roots as silicic acid. The acid moves with the transpiration stream to the shoot, and mineralizes as silica. In grasses, leaf epidermal cells called silica cells deposit silica in most of their volume using an unknown biological factor. Using bioinformatics tools, we identified a previously uncharacterized protein in Sorghum bicolor, which we named Siliplant1 (Slp1). Slp1 is a basic protein with seven repeat units rich in proline, lysine, and glutamic acid. We found Slp1 RNA in sorghum immature leaf and immature inflorescence. In leaves, transcription was highest just before the active silicification zone (ASZ). There, Slp1 was localized specifically to developing silica cells, packed inside vesicles and scattered throughout the cytoplasm or near the cell boundary. These vesicles fused with the membrane, releasing their content in the apoplastic space. A short peptide that is repeated five times in Slp1 precipitated silica in vitro at a biologically relevant silicic acid concentration. Transient overexpression of Slp1 in sorghum resulted in ectopic silica deposition in all leaf epidermal cell types. Our results show that Slp1 precipitates silica in sorghum silica cells.

scholarly journals Development of In vitro Tetraploid Plants of Hevea brasiliensis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
U. K. Divya ◽  
S. Sushama Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Regeneration Frequency ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Study Development

Increase in global consumption of natural rubber necessitates crop improvement of Hevea aimed at increased productivity. As conventional breeding of Hevea is very elaborate and time consuming. Hence in the present study development of tetraploids through chromosome doubling of diploid callus obtained from cultured immature inflorescence of Hevea using colchicines were attempted. Chromosome doubling of the diploid callus occurred when treated with 1.25 µM colchicine for 3 days. In higher concentrations as well as at longer exposure periods, the callus texture and viability were affected. 48 % embryo induction and a maturation frequency of 45 % were obtained. Embryo germination and plant regeneration with a germination frequency (30 %) and a regeneration frequency (20 %) were obtained. Cytological and flow cytometric analyses confirmed the tetraploid nature of the colchicines treated callus. In vitro tetraploid plant developed through these in vitro techniques can be further used in Hevea brasiliensis breeding.

Ex situ conservation of endangered Limonium species in the Bulgarian flora

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei I. Kaninski ◽  
Ivanka Ivanova ◽  
Sergey Bistrichanov ◽  
Nadejda Zapryanova ◽  
Bistra Atanassova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Immature Inflorescence

ABSTRACT Native populations of endemic, rare and threatened Limonium species (L. meyeri, L. bulgaricum, L. latifolium, L. vulgare, L. asterotrichum and L. gmelinii) in Bulgaria were monitored and found seriously declined. To preserve these wild genotypes, an approach involving in vitro propagation of explants isolated from immature inflorescence stems was applied at the Institute of Ornamental Plants, Sofia. The rooted plantlets produced were acclimated and grown outdoors under an optimized cultivation regime, which resulted in the establishment of an ex situ plantation. Plant performance ex situ (determined by leaf rosette diameter, plant height and the number of flower stems) was substantially improved and the variation in the biometric indices was found remarkably lower than in natural environment. The developmental stages of ex situ plants appeared with a delay in relation to their onset in the native environment, but occurred synchronously within each species. Analysis of germination of seeds harvested from ex situ and in situ grown plants showed species-specific behaviour, but in general, seed vitality remained relatively low in laboratory conditions, in the soil and in vitro. In order to assess the potential for protecting the native Limonium species from uncontrolled harvesting, the possibility for the production of cut flowers in ex situ conditions was studied. High yield of cut flowers from ex situ plants in comparison with the potential yield from the wild plants and extended vase life in comparison with commercially produced Limonium sinuatum were obtained. The results demonstrated that the applied micropropagation and agrotechnique for protected cultivation are reliable tools for ex situ conservation of the endangered Limonium genotypes in the Bulgarian flora. In addition to its advantage as a rescue measure, the developed system was shown to be suitable for obtaining cut flowers of competitive market quality.

scholarly journals Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid and Activated Charcoal on Callus Induction of Cocos Nucifera L. Hybrid MATAG Inflorescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Dhiya Dalila Zawawi ◽  
Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar ◽  
Siti Nurkhalida Abd. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Positive Effect

Cocos Nucifera Linn. Var. MATAG is a Dwarf coconut variety that had high demand in Malaysia but low supply. Vegetative propagation of high-yielding MATAG coconut by using in vitro cloning must be considered in contributing to increase coconut productivity. Thus, attempts were made to develop a protocol that would enhance callogenesis as a first preliminary step towards a protocol for mass propagation of C. nucifera L. var. MATAG. The anther isolated from immature inflorescence was used as explants and cultured on modified Eeuwens Y3 media in different concentrations of 2,4-dicholorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and activated charcoal. The highest callus induction percentage (31.25 ± 12.18) was observed in 20 mg/L 2,4-D. However, 2,4-D at any level tested were not statistically significant. Callus induction media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L activated charcoal gave the highest callusing percentage (25.89 ± 13.59 %) indicating a positive effect of activated charcoal on callusing even though the result obtained not significant compared to control (15.95 ± 6.76 %). But, activated charcoal supplemented in media produced a significant effect compared to control in reducing the percentage of browning. In conclusion, media supplemented with activated charcoal produced a higher rate on callus induction and preventing tissue browning in explant. Besides that, the anther and ovule explant may serve as an efficient explant to study the callus induction of C. nucifera L. var. MATAG and as a basis to screen the potential useful plant growth regulators for somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals In Vitro Regeneration of Buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm] through Immature Inflorescence Culture

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 521C-521
Author(s):  
Shuizhang Fei ◽  
Paul E. Read ◽  
Terrance P. Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Genotypic Effect ◽  
Immature Inflorescence ◽  
Callus Production

Buffalograss is native to the Great Plains of North America. Its excellent drought resistance and low growth habit make it a good choice for a low-maintenance turf. A reproducible and efficient regeneration protocol of buffalograss is critical for further genetic transformation. By using immature inflorescences as explants, we have achieved the regeneration of buffalograss of two female clones, `315' and `609', a male clone, NE 84-45-3, and a synthetic cultivar, `Texoka'. Somatic embryogenesis was observed. The medium used for callus initiation was MS basal medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D and BA. After 4 weeks of dark culture, calli with nodular structures were transferred to the same basal medium supplemented with BA and either a reduced rate of 2,4-D or no 2,4-D. It was demonstrated that 2,4-D at 2 or 3 mg/L is optimal for embryogenic callus production. The presence of BA from 0.1 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L was required for the regeneration of `315', `609', and NE 84-45-3. For `Texoka', 2,4-D at 0.5 mg/L with BA at 0.3 mg/L in the regeneration medium favored normal development of somatic embryos that were capable of germination. A genotypic effect was observed with regard to embryogenic callus production; explants of the male genotype NE 84-45-3 exhibited a higher percentage of embryogenic callus formation than was found for the two female genotypes. A significant seasonal effect was also observed with inflorescences collected in early May exhibiting a higher percentage of callus formation than those collected in the summer and fall.

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