FEATURES OF THE RADIAL GROWTH OF SHRUBS BETULA NANA AND SALIX LANATA ON VARIOUS LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS IN THE SOUTHERN TUNDRA OF YAMAL

Author(s):  
Ilya V. Plotnikov

Tundra communities are widespread in the northern part of Russia, in particular on the Yamal Peninsula in the registration of Siberia, where research was carried out. For the study, we used plants of the species Betula nana and Salix lanata, these species are among the most common in the southern tundra of Yamal. Sampling sites were located on various morphological elements of the relief with the identification of patterns in the distribution of natural resources that determine the radial growth of the trunks of Betula nana and Salix lanata. At each site, at least 30 samples of each species were taken to obtain a sufficient sample. The sampling sites were located on different morpholog-ical parts of the relief. In the course of the study, general growth trends are highlighted, as well as absolute values of growth for 5 years. This age corresponds to the minimum age of the selected plants. As a result, data were obtained on the distribution and growth characteristics of Betula nana and Salix lanata shrubs along the relief profile; the most and least favourable areas of the profile for the growth of shrubs were identified. To compare the general trends of radial growth, a faster slowdown in growth was found in Betula nana. In addition, it was found that the species Salix lanata has a stronger effect on mechanical impact (winter road).

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 527-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurij K Vasil'chuk ◽  
Högne Jungner ◽  
Alla C Vasil'chuk

We present new radiocarbon dates from a number of Holocene peat deposits along a north-south transect across the Yamal Peninsula. The samples were collected from frozen peat deposits with large ice wedges in: the northern tundra near Seyaha Settlement, in the Central Yamal Peninsula, the southern tundra in Shchuch'ya River valley at the Edem'yaha mouth, the southern part of the Yamal Peninsula, and the southern forest tundra near Labytnangi Town. 14C dates of wood remains from the tundra in the Yamal Peninsula could be used to reconstruct a northern limit of forest during the Holocene Optimum. The wood layers at the bottom of the peat give evidence for immigration of trees further north beyond the present boundary. The first forest appearance in the Seyaha River valley area is dated about 9 ka BP according to the oldest peat date in the Seyaha cross section. This suggests that summer temperatures were higher than at present. Very fast accumulation of peat (around 5 m/ka: about 9–8 ka BP at Seyaha and about 7–6 ka BP at Shchuch'ya) also supports this observation.In contrast, oxygen isotope composition of Holocene syngenetic ice wedges from the area (δ18O= −19.1 to −20.3‰ in the Seyaha cross-section and −17.3 to −20.3‰ in the Shchuch'ya River) show that winter temperatures were significantly lower than presently, i.e. the climate during the Holocene Optimum was slightly more continental. The frozen peat near Labytnangi has thawed during the last 20 years, indicating global warming.


Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Arzyutov

This article deals with the ethnographic analysis of the history and social life of electricity among Nenets in the Yamal Peninsula. Based on historical documents and field data the author reconstructs a history of the electrification of the northern part of the peninsula. This work also includes the reflections on social and cultural meanings of electricity among Nenets in and out the tundra. Through these historical and current dynamics, the author suggests analysing the life of electricity in off-the-grid settings through the lens of transnational technological entanglements in the Arctic


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