scholarly journals Establishment of a Periodic Printing System in Polyethnic Regions in 1900-1930s (on the Material of the Press of Kalmykia and Stavropol region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Baldzhya B. Dyakieva ◽  
Olga I. Lepilkina ◽  
Nina G. Ochirova
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
The South ◽  
The Press ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Printing System ◽  
Bilingual Newspaper ◽  
Ruling Party

The formation of the system of periodicals in two similar and dissimilar polyethnic regions in the south of Russia – Kalmykia and Stavropol – developed according to the same scheme, but had significant nuances. The Stavropol press, aimed at the Russian majority in the region, appeared earlier (in 1850) and was typologically more diverse and numerous until the 1920s, while the publications created for the Kalmyks were for a long time isolated projects: The Russian-Kalmyk Calendar (1911-1918), a newspaper in the Kalmyk language «Oordin ziang» (1917-1918), leaflets and the first bilingual newspaper «Red Kalmyk» (1919-1920). A new stage in the development of journalism in the regions begins with the establishment of Soviet power after the end of the civil war. The work of the press is under the control of the ruling party, and the unification of the system of regional and local periodicals begins. Gradually, both in Kalmykia and in Stavropol, a harmonious system of periodicals was formed, lined up vertically and horizontally: regional / regional mass sociopolitical newspapers – regional / regional youth newspapers – regional / regional children’s newspapers – district / ulus socio-political newspapers – large circulation newspapers – wall newspapers. In addition to newspapers, instructor magazines for party and Soviet workers, literary and artistic publications of regional writers’ unions were published. The polyethnicity of the regions influenced the information policy of local periodicals and the structure of the press: in Kalmykia there were publications in the Kalmyk language, in Russian and bilingual, in Stavropol, along with publications in Russian, there were bilingual publications in two districts.

scholarly journals КАТЕRYNOSLAV OR ELYSAVETGRAD REBELLION 1918? GEOGRAPHIC MISHAP VOLODYMYR ANTONOV-OVSEENKO BOOK “NOTES ABOUT CIVILL WAR”

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Mytrofanenko Yu.
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Red Guard ◽  
The City

The purpose of the work. The article aims to study the problems of Ukrainian Revolution in 1917–1921 on a territory of Kirovograd or Dnipropetrovsk region. The type of article is empirical. An unrenowned episode from the history of Ukrainian Revolution in 1917–1921 is analyzed in the article, in particular, the participation of the citizens of Katerunoslavska province in Kamianske town in the events of “National rebellion” in 1918 in Elysavetgrad against Bolsheviks and anarchists. Results and scientific novelty of the study. The author attracted attention to the geographical mistake in the memoirs of V. Antonov-Ovseenko “Notes About Civil War”. The scientific novelty, that author explaine, that he confused the names of the cities: Katerynoslav and Elysavetgrad. The reasons and consequences of the participation of workers of Dniprovskyi plant in Kamianske city in the events of Elysavetgrad national rebellion are determined in the article on the basis of sources. For a long time Bolsheviks concealed, shifted responsibility to their political opponents and then erased from the pages of censored memoirs of participants of revolutionary events the episode of battles between Kamianske and Elysavetgrad workers because it did not fit into the concept of “class struggle” in the history of revolution in Ukraine. The main result of Kamianske workers deception was the numerous victims on both sides. Only the leaflet spread by Elysavetgrad headquarters of the city protection among Kamianske citizens and the end of battles near Elysavetgrad stopped the following bloodshed. Nevertheless, in their memoirs Bolsheviks from Kamianske continued to accentuate that those were they who had established the Soviet power in Elysavetgrad, continued to be proud of the participation in the attempt of helping Bolsheviks to invade Elysavetgrad. The author originality is refutes these statements on the basis of resources. The material of the article may have practical application in scientific studios on the history of Ukrainian Revolution in 1917–1921 on a territory of Kirovograd or Dnipropetrovsk regionKey words: revolution, rebellion, bolshevics, anarchists, Red guard, mishap, Katerynoslav, Elysavetgrad, Kamianske. Мета роботи. Стаття присвячена аналізу маловідомого епізоду революційного періоду 1917–1921 рр. на теренах сучасних Кіровоградської та Дніпропетровської областей. Проаналізовано документи Єлисаветградської міської думи, мемуари учасників подій: Володимира Антонова-Овсієнка та червоногвардійців Дніпровського металургійного заводу м. Кам’янське. В статті на основі джерел розглянуто цей епізод Української революції 1917–1921 рр., визначено причини та наслідки участі робітників Дніпровського заводу м. Кам’янське в подіях Єлисаветградського народного повстання.Результати та наукова новизна дослідження. З’ясовані обставини участі робітників Кам’янського заводу у придушенні «Народного повстання» в Єлисаветграді. Вони були в складі червоногвардійських частин, яких кинули на підтримку більшо-викам та анархістам, що протягом кількох днів безуспішно намагалися оволодіти Єлисаветградом. Доведено, що Володимир Антонов-Овсієнко автор спогадів «Записки про громадянську війну» припустився помилки, що стало причиною географічного казусу. Він сплутав назви міст: Катеринослав та Єлисаветград. Також встановлено, що червоногвардійці Кам’янського стали жертвами більшовицької провокації, які використали їхню необізнаність у ситуації, яка склалася в Єлисаветграді та відправили на фронт. З’ясовано долю кам’янчан, які брали участь в боях під Єлисаветградом.Емпірична стаття написана на різноманітних першоджерелах. Здійснено верифікацію спогадів кам’янських більшовиків, які неправдиво описали результат бою та рушійні сили Єлисаветградського народного повстання. Матеріал статті має прак-тичне застосування. Зокрема, копії документів, використані автором, поповнили експозиції Кам’янського краєзнавчого музею, а факти та узагальнення використовуються під час екскурсії. Під час написання статті було використано метод історичної критики джерел та текстологічного аналізу, застосовано регіональний метод Ключові слова: «народне повстання», більшовики, червоногвардійці, анархісти, «революція, Єлисаветград, Катеринослав, Кам’янське.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berry Craig
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Border States ◽  
The North ◽  
The Press ◽  
Vocal Minority ◽  
Border State

Historians have devoted considerable ink to Yankee and rebel newspapers published during the Civil War. While they have examined Northern and Southern papers, they have written almost nothing about the press in Kentucky and the other border states. There, the press was unique, in that it operated in a vast region where loyalties were divided to one extent or another. There were Southern sympathizers in the North and unionists in the South. Both groups were minorities in their regions. But in the borderland, and especially in Kentucky, the war divided communities, friends, and families. Most border-state citizens wanted to stick with the old Union, although a vocal minority favored the new Confederacy. Kentucky was mainly pro-Union, but its vocal rebel press made support for the secessionist cause appear stronger than it was.

scholarly journals “The Terek Host Cleaned out the Native Villages from the Infection with Their Own Hands”: Gorsko-Mozdok Regiments in the Ranks of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia in the Early 1919

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Ruslan Gagkuev ◽  
Svetlana Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
The South ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of

Introduction. The article focuses on the creation of Gorsko-Mozdock regiments of the Terek Cossack Host in the Early 1919 and their subsequent participation in combat operations. The article provides an overview of related historical literature and underlines the importance of further research into the history of the Terek Cossack Host during the Civil War and publication of historical sources. The introduction provides a detailed account of how Terek Cossacks were drafted to the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, and touches upon the difficulties associated with mobilization (not enough officers, undermanning, shortage of weapons and typhus outbreak). Materials. The article introduces a previously unavailable historical source – the order of Terek Cossack Host Mozdock division Ataman Yesaul S.N. Portyanko dated January 17, 1919 on the commencement of mobilization and formation of Cossack regiments. Analysis. The order demonstrates overly optimistic expectations of the Cossack leadership regarding the support of the local population and mobilization results. In real life, fast implementation of the command’s plans proved to be impossible due to the situation in Cossack stanitsas. The document shows the Cossack command’s commitment to mobilize all available resources in order to defeat the Soviet power. Results. The article sums up the considerations by pointing out that during the Civil War the majority of the Terek Cossack Host opposed the Soviet power and supplied considerable human resources to the Armed Forces of the South of Russia. Despite the aforementioned difficulties caused by the situation in the region, the formation of Cossack regiments went rather well, and soon these regiments were dispatched to the front. The efforts undertaken by the Terek Cossack Host in the war against the Soviet power in 1919–1920 show the Cossacks’ unwavering commitment to give their all to victory. Upon the evacuation of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia from the Black Sea coast to the Crimea, Terek Cossacks could no longer hope for reinforcement and were incorporated into other White military units.

Problems of Interactions of the White Army Commanders with Separatist Governments of South Russia in A. I. Denikin’s ‘Defamation of the White Movement’

2018 ◽  
pp. 1149-1162
Author(s):  
Konstantin N. Kurkov ◽  
◽  
Alexander V. Melnichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The South ◽  
National Interests ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Imperial Germany ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Sensitive Issues ◽  
Regional Interests

The article studies some of the more complicated and sensitive issues of the Civil War in the South of Russia – relations of the Armed Forces of South Russia with the Krai governments of the Don and the Kuban and separatist movements as an important factor in the Whites’ defeat in the South of Russia. Both issues are covered in ‘Defamation of the White Movement,’ one of the last works of General A. I. Denikin. Its manuscript has been introduced into scientific use by the authors. Commanders and military authorities of the Volunteer Army with A. I. Denikin at its head were not tied down by regional interests and could pursue national interests in their policy in order to restore an all-Russian unity destroyed by the revolution. Regional concerns of the Don, Kuban, Little Russian, Caucasian independentists were in direct conflict with the national tasks that the Volunteer Army and the Armed Forces of South Russia strove to solve. Unlike the Don Ataman P. N. Krasnov, who was forced to cooperate with the occupation authorities of Imperial Germany, whose troops had occupied the territory of the Great Don Army for the most of 1918, and unlike other regional administrators in the German-occupied territories, the Whites did not cooperate with the occupiers and at times counteracted their anti-Russian policy. Denikin's propaganda successfully used this fact to fall back on traditional patriotic sentiments and to eat away at the Kremlin regime’s support. Centrifugal tendencies in the South of Russia did not allow the Volunteers to consolidate anti-Bolshevik forces and made an armed resistance to the Bolsheviks impossible. Hence A. I. Denikin’s uncompromising stand on separatist aspirations of independentists. In his view, it was the separatists’ activities in different regions of the former Russian Empire that hindered the successful offensive of the armed forces of South Russia, for instance, on the Moscow direction. Internal dissent was exacerbated by intervention of foreign forces – German occupation forces, the Allied Intervention, and active Bolshevik influence on the outskirts of the former Empire. The article compares Denikin’s text with testimonies of contemporaries and writings of historians. Thus, the authors have been able to show that his slender work reliably and accurately recreates the complex and dramatic situation, which led to the defeat of the anti-Bolshevik forces in the Civil War.

“In Fact, We Do Not Have a Regular Army Yet…” A Letter of the Commander of Kiev Region Armed Forces General A.M. Dragomirov to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of South Russia General A.I. Denikin. 12 (25) December 1919

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 245-264
Author(s):  
Andrey Ganin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
The South ◽  
Moral Improvement ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Commander In Chief

The document published is a letter from the commander of the Kiev Region General Abram M. Dragomirov to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia General Anton I. Denikin of December, 1919. The source covers the events of the Civil War in Ukraine and the views of the leadership of the White Movement in the South of Russia on a number of issues of policy and strategy in Ukraine. The letter was found in the Hoover Archives of Stanford University in the USA in the collection of Lieutenant General Pavel A. Kusonsky. The document refers to the period when the white armies of the South of Russia after the bright success of the summer-autumn “March on Moscow” in 1919 were stopped by the Red Army and were forced to retreat. On the pages of the letter, Dragomirov describes in detail the depressing picture of the collapse of the white camp in the South of Russia and talks about how to improve the situation. Dragomirov saw the reasons for the failure of the White Movement such as, first of all, the lack of regular troops, the weakness of the officers, the lack of discipline and, as a consequence, the looting and pogroms. In this regard, Dragomirov was particularly concerned about the issue of moral improvement of the army. Part of the letter is devoted to the issues of the civil administration in the territories occupied by the White Army. Dragomirov offers both rational and frankly utopian measures. However, the thoughts of one of the closest Denikin’s companions about the reasons what had happened are interesting for understanding the essence of the Civil War and the worldview of the leadership of the anti-Bolshevik Camp.

“The last chord of the Silver Age”: science and culture in Crimea in 1920

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kalinovsky ◽  
Alexander Puchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The South ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia

This article is devoted to the development of science and culture in the short period of the Wrangel Crimea - 1920. At this time, the brightest figures of Russian culture of that time worked on the territory of the small Peninsula: O. E. Mandelstam, M. A. Voloshin, B.D. Grekov, G.V. Vernadsky, V.I. Vernadsky and others. The article provides an overview of the life and activities of the Russian intelligentsia in 1920 in the Crimea, based on materials of periodicals as the most important source for studying the history of the Civil war in the South of Russia whose value is to be fully evaluated.

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