Konsep Jihad dalam Al-Quran

This article is a response to the growing radical understanding of religion and the rejection of Pancasila as the nation's ideology in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). This article is also an offer of thought for the Deradicalization of Al-Quran Verses. Namely, as an effort to reinterpret several verses of the Qur'an which have the potential to be understood by some as the basis for acts of violence or coercion of certain ideologies. In this article, the author uses the theosophical esoteric interpretation approach such as Haidar Amuli (d. 1385), as an analytical tool to explore the content of several verses of the Qur’an related to jihad. This paper can also be referred to as thematic interpretation because the author tries to discuss (analyze) the content of the verses of the Qur'an based on a theme and tries to follow the steps of the thematic method in interpretation. Through an esoteric approach, in this article, jihad will not only be interpreted as a physical war taking up arms. Jihad has several levels of meaning, such as jihad of ahl shariah, ahl tariqah, and ahl haqiqa. Furthermore, by analyzing the historical context, the jihad verses can be interpreted as a movement for mental revolution and social moral improvement.

The Idea of the Church as the Best Social Structure: F.M. Dostoevsky and V.S. Soloviev

The article presents the reconstruction of the views of F.M. Dostoevsky and Vl.S. Solovyov on the nature of relations between church and state. A line of mutual influence of thinkers in the context of the perception of Christian truth is drawn. It is shown that Dostoevsky was impressed by a series of lectures by Solovyov's "Readings on God-manhood" and adopted from them the idea of the possibility of religious and moral improvement not only of an individual, but of society as a whole. The article shows that not without the Solovyov's influence Dostoevsky arrives at the Slavophil idea of sobornost and the impossibility of salvation outside of church communion, while speaking of the Church as an ecclesia, that is, an assembly of believers. The author of the article shows that the sophistic and mystical moments in the novel "The Brothers Karamazov" appear under direct influence on Dostoevsky's "Readings on God-manhood" and a joint trip of thinkers to the Optina Pustyn monastery. It is also noted that in the novel "The Brothers Karamazov" the idea was expressed about the gradual growth of the state into the truth of the Church. Solovyov continued this line within the framework of his project of free theocracy in the 1880s, developing the thought of F.M. Dostoevsky - about the Church as the best social order. At the same time, the article shows the principled position of both thinkers on opposing the ideal of socialism and the idea of the Christian community, within which the term "Russian socialism", formulated in the "Diary of a writer". The author shows that Solovyov in his work "Three speeches in memory of Dostoevsky" was the first to explain the term "Russian socialism" precisely through the concept of the Christian community.

Inflasi Berdasarkan Pandangan M. Umer Chapra

According to Islamic economists, inflation has very bad effect on the economy because it disruptions of money function, weakens of saving’s spirit, decreases the production of goods, and weakens of purchasing power. Inflation also attracted the attention of M. Umer Chapra as a Muslim economist. This study to analyze M. Umer Chapra's opinion on inflation. This research with qualitative approach of historical research, which examines history of the character which includes ideas, thoughts, and things that influence the formation of his thoughts. Data collection methods is using library research with the object about Chapra’s thoughts relating to inflation, traced through his works. Chapra thought is a blend of traditional science, religion and modern economics. The results concluded that his thinking was dominated by macroeconomics because he was involved in the world economy, monetary policy, Islamic financial institutions which were more emphasized by the central bank, policies and inflation problems. Chapra's view of efforts to suppress inflation is the need for price stability and strategy. The disadvantage is that in a tolerant attitude towards western financial instruments, it must emphasize moral improvement for the course of fair economy as the solution to the failure of the capitalist and socialist economic systems.

Mercy and Monarchy

This article compares De clementia, a somewhat neglected minor work of the Roman Stoic philosopher L. Annaeus Seneca, and Paul’s Letter to the Romans. First, Seneca’s ideas about rule as a god-given task of moral improvement of the subjects and the role of mercy (clementia) within it are analysed. Then, Seneca’s argument is compared with Paul’s thoughts concerning salvation by grace in his Letter to the Romans. Seneca’s short political treatise De clementia shows a considerable number of interesting and specific agreements with Paul’s reasoning in the Letter to the Romans, even more than his other writings, which have been in the focus of scholarly investigation. Finally, some suggestions are made about the possible source(s) of the convergences and how they could be interpreted.

IMPLEMENTASI PENINGKATAN AKHLAK PESERTA DIDIK DAN STRATEGINYA

Character education applied to students is the essence of the learning process. Islamic religious education is one of the compulsory subjects which contains a lot of character material. So that the implementation of student morals in schools require to be considered properly. This research aims to (1) describe the forms of moral improvement of students at SMP Negeri 7 Bondowoso, (2) describe the steps for improving the morals of students at SMP Negeri 7 Bondowoso. This research using qualitative research methodology and data collection technique by observation, interview, documentation. The data was analyzed by data reduction, display, as well as taking the result and verification technique. The result of this research is the form of students' morals which consists of morals to others and morals to God. Meanwhile, the steps to improve students' morals consist of direct and indirect improvements.

HUBUNGAN PERHATIAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MORAL ANAK

This study aims to determine the level of parental attention to children aged 7-12 years in Durenan Village, Sidorejo Magetan District, for Knowing the level of moral development in children aged 7-12 years in Durenan Village, Sidorejo Magetan District, and to find out the relationship between parents' attention to improving the morale of children aged 7-12 years in Durenan Village, Sidorejo Magetan District. This study uses a quantitative approach with correlational research. The data collection technique uses questionnaire and observation techniques. The research data were analyzed using product moment correlation. The results showed the level of parental attention in the category moderate with a percentage of 87.5%, the level of moral development of children is in the medium category with a percentage of 78.13%, and there is a significant relationship between parental attention and moral improvement of children aged 7-12 years in Durenan Village, Sidorejo Magetan District. It is known from the results of calculations using the SPSs, namely the count of 0.929 and r table of 0.349, so that Ha accepted Ho is rejected, which means that there is a significant relationship between parental attention and moral improvement of children aged 7-12 years in Durenan Village, Sidorejo Magetan District.Keywords: parents' attention, children's moral improvement

Constantine Lascaris, his manuscripts and his ethical concerns

This article aims to examine Constantine Lascaris’s work on Aristoteles’ ethical corpus. We consider evidence from the textual witnesses of the Nicomachean Ethics, the Eudemian Ethics, the Magna Moralia, and some other minor ethical writings, which belonged to Lascaris, in order to reconstruct his working methods. We also explore Lascaris’ own statements about virtuous life; a life devoted to the service of the common good, to philosophy and to the study of texts. For him philosophy was a way of life, rather than simply a discourse. We look at the link between written culture and philosophical life and propose further research into how Byzantine and Renaissance scholars understood their own intellectual activities to be a special kind of spiritual exercise intended to promote moral improvement in both individuals and societies.