scholarly journals Modern Intentions in Lesia Ukrainka’s Drama Cassandra

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-14
Author(s):  
Taras Pastukh
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Common ◽  
Real Language ◽  
Personal Interests ◽  
World Development

In her drama Cassandra (1903–1907) Lesia Ukrainka pays considerable attention to language and demonstrates its two defi ning forms and functional paradigms. One of them is language that appeals to the essential components of being. It is language that refl ects human existence in all its acuity and fullness of appearance. This language is complex and diffi cult to understand, but is the only real language of the age of modernism. Another language is superfi cial, appealing not to the depths of life and universal categories, but to temporary human needs and aspirations. Its task is to identify the ways and means of achieving a desired goal. Such language is manipulative, because its speakers tend to hide their personal interests under claims of the common good. Also, in the drama, Lesia Ukrainka innovatively raises a number of questions related to the internal laws of world development, the processes of human cognition, the functioning of language, and the understanding and interpretation of the word. The formulation and presentation of these issues demonstrate the clear modern attitude that the writer professed and embodied in her drama.

The futures of agriculture

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl N. Stauber
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Common ◽  
American Agriculture ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractOne widely held view of the future of American agriculture is that it will continue the current trend toward fewer but larger farms, greater centralization and vertical integration, and declining rural populations. If so, the research, teaching and extension institutions created to serve agriculture will not survive unless they can adapt to changing political and demographic conditions, especially the domination of the suburbs. This will require these institutions to set new goals for themselves. Their historic pursuit of increased technical efficiency already has been so successful that it has sharply reduced the farm population, which has been their main base of public support. Suburban America, in contrast, will demand an agriculture that is more in harmony with nature. Alternative notions of the Common Good can provide the philosophical basis for this shift Historically, the economic system, including agriculture, has regarded nature as something to be used to advance human well-being. In this view (which could be called “Liberal” in the 19th century sense of the term), the reason to protect nature is to insure that it can continue to serve human needs. In contrast, the “Ecocentric” view of the Common Good emphasizes that humans are part of an ecological community, and that we must optimize the balance between human needs and the health of the ecosystem.

Self-Interest and the Common Good in Elections and Referenda

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-286
Author(s):  
Bernd J. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The People ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Common ◽  
Personal Interests

This article examines the standard of decision-making that applies to voters. Are they free to follow their personal interests or are they bound to make decisions most beneficial to the common good? This question is answered not only for elections,i.e., for people choosing their representatives and for parliament itself appointing officials. Furthermore, the treatise extends to other votes as well, as it covers not only referenda as the paradigmatic means of lawmaking by the people, but also parliamentarian legislation.

scholarly journals Influence of Consequentialism and Ethics of Debt on the Formation of Constitutional and Legal Institutions in the Ara of Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
P. L. Likhter
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Depth Level ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Ethical Approaches ◽  
The Common

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the influence of two ethical theories that emerged in ancient Greece—the consequentialism and the ethics of debt—on contemporary institutions of the State and the law. The author presents a short historical survey concerning differences in approaches to the hierarchy of human needs in the teachings of Aristippus, Epicurus, Plato, Aristotle and other thinkers. The paper investigates some aspects of the teachings of ancient philosophers concerning the balance between realization of individual’s desires nd his political and legal life. Based on the comparison of the consequential concepts (hedonism, epicureanism, utilitarianism) and Plato and Aristotle ethical approaches, the author concludes that the latter are instrumentally significant. Their ideas of the common good and the golden middle, combined with the pursuit of such values as justice, moderation, empathy, trust in other members of society, can form the basis of a constitutional and legal system that unites general public. Today, the transformation of a legal strategy can only be functional if it is driven at a depth level by social reforms that, in turn, are based on the ethics of debt and are aimed at overcoming the essential risks of the consumption society.

On everyday academic research

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tirole
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
The Common ◽  
Verification Of Models ◽  
Science And Research

In the fourth chapter of the book “The economy of the common good”, the nature of economics as a science and research practices in their theoretical and empirical aspects are discussed. The author considers the processes of modeling, empirical verification of models and evaluation of research quality. In addition, the features of economic cognition and the role of mathematics in economic research are analyzed, including the example of relevant research in game theory and information theory.

Vickers Hot Springs

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Common Property Resource ◽  
Resource Conflict ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Common

Vickers Hot Springs is located near the rural Southern California town of Ojai, and local residents have long enjoyed soaking in the sulfuric pools. But as knowledge of the springs spread, the area saw increases in fights, traffic, burglaries, and drug use. In response, two residents purchased the land and committed to restore the property while allowing limited public access, subsequently generating a great deal of controversy within the community. Privatizing Vickers Hot Springs follows the archetypical lesson of Garrett Hardin's 1968 essay, “The Tragedy of the Commons.” Hardin stated that the problem for common-pool resources was that a finite amount of services are demanded by a potentially infinite number of users, who have little to gain by sacrificing for the common good. But Hardin's theory does not always apply. Many communities have come together to manage resources, often without government oversight. Thus, the question is not whether or not Hardin's theory is accurate, but rather “under what conditions it is correct and when it makes the wrong predictions.” Case studies provide nuance to the broad brushstrokes of a theory, and whether Hardin's parable is applicable depends on the particularities of the common property resource conflict. Employing the frameworks established by Hardin, Dietz et al., and Ostrom, this paper examines the management of Vickers Hot Springs within its broader social, ecological, and political context, asking whether the particular circumstances of this resource use conflict made privatization the most predictable outcome.

The European Guilds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheilagh Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
The Common ◽  
Economic Reasoning ◽  
European Economies

Guilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes viewed as efficient institutions that guaranteed quality and skills. But they also excluded competitors, manipulated markets, and blocked innovations. Did the benefits of guilds outweigh their costs? Analyzing thousands of guilds that dominated European economies from 1000 to 1880, this book uses vivid examples and clear economic reasoning to answer that question. The book features the voices of honourable guild masters, underpaid journeymen, exploited apprentices, shady officials, and outraged customers, and follows the stories of the “vile encroachers”—women, migrants, Jews, gypsies, bastards, and many others—desperate to work but hunted down by the guilds as illicit competitors. It investigates the benefits of guilds but also shines a light on their dark side. Guilds sometimes provided important services, but they also manipulated markets to profit their members. They regulated quality but prevented poor consumers from buying goods cheaply. They fostered work skills but denied apprenticeships to outsiders. They transmitted useful techniques but blocked innovations that posed a threat. Guilds existed widely not because they corrected market failures or served the common good, but because they benefited two powerful groups—guild members and political elites. The book shows how privileged institutions and exclusive networks shape the wider economy—for good or ill.

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