scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PITUITARY GLAND EXTRACT, OVAPRIN HORMONE AND COST BENEFIT ON HATCHABILITY AND FRY QUALITIES OF CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
M.B. Usman ◽  
O. Olukotun ◽  
R. Suleiman ◽  
O.S. Aasa ◽  
E. Apene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Gland Extract

scholarly journals Comparative study on African catfish (Burchell, 1822) hypophysation using ovaprim and chicken pituitary gland extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
O. A. Babalola ◽  
◽  
F. A. Fakunmoju ◽  
T. F. Sunnuvu ◽  
B. E. Faleti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Significant Difference

Comparative study on African catfish hypophysation indices using ovaprim and chicken pituitary gland extract (CPGE) was carried out. Sixteen (16) African catfish brood stocks between 1100 and 2300 g in ratio 2:1 and four (4) numbers of layer birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) between 1200 and 2200 g in ratio 1:3 were used respectively. The experiment was batched into “A” and “B”. Batch ‘A’ was placed on ovaprim while batch ‘B’ was placed on CPGE. An indoor hatchery vat, measuring 0.6096 m x 1.8288 m x 0.3048 m each was used for the incubation. Digital measuring kits were used to monitor water quality parameters and measurement of the brood stocks weights independently. Brood stocks on ovaprim and CPGE treatments had the following mean hypophysation indices in these order: fecundity (11100±7690 and 17760±13863), latency period (9.53±0.54 and 9.77±0.49), fertilization percentage (94.03±5.90% and 90.6±10.11%), hatchability percentage (75.6±0.81% and79.35±10.27%), number of eggs produced (5889±657.37 and 9403.33±589.80), total number of larvae hatched (4717.33±1111.0 and 7111.33±506.64), SGR (0.67±0.31 and 1.1±0.31), and survival rate (64.81±0.71 and66.24±2.19) respectively. There was no significant difference (p = 0.05) in the mean values of fecundity, latency period, fertilization and hatchability percentages in both treatments but there was significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in number of eggs produced and total number of larvae hatched in both treatments. The water quality parameters were within the range for induced breeding techniques and there was no significant difference (p= 0.05) in both experiments. Both ovaprim and CPGE had excellent results from the induced breeding of Clarias gariepinus and yielded good results. Therefore, CPGE could be recommended from the view point of excellent results and its availability from chicken slaughter houses as against ovaprim which are imported.

scholarly journals Cost-efficiency assessments of marine monitoring methods lack rigor—a systematic mapping of literature and an end-user view on optimal cost-efficiency analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heini Hyvärinen ◽  
Annaliina Skyttä ◽  
Susanna Jernberg ◽  
Kristian Meissner ◽  
Harri Kuosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Actual Cost ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Marine Monitoring ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Cost

AbstractGlobal deterioration of marine ecosystems, together with increasing pressure to use them, has created a demand for new, more efficient and cost-efficient monitoring tools that enable assessing changes in the status of marine ecosystems. However, demonstrating the cost-efficiency of a monitoring method is not straightforward as there are no generally applicable guidelines. Our study provides a systematic literature mapping of methods and criteria that have been proposed or used since the year 2000 to evaluate the cost-efficiency of marine monitoring methods. We aimed to investigate these methods but discovered that examples of actual cost-efficiency assessments in literature were rare, contradicting the prevalent use of the term “cost-efficiency.” We identified five different ways to compare the cost-efficiency of a marine monitoring method: (1) the cost–benefit ratio, (2) comparative studies based on an experiment, (3) comparative studies based on a literature review, (4) comparisons with other methods based on literature, and (5) subjective comparisons with other methods based on experience or intuition. Because of the observed high frequency of insufficient cost–benefit assessments, we strongly advise that more attention is paid to the coverage of both cost and efficiency parameters when evaluating the actual cost-efficiency of novel methods. Our results emphasize the need to improve the reliability and comparability of cost-efficiency assessments. We provide guidelines for future initiatives to develop a cost-efficiency assessment framework and suggestions for more unified cost-efficiency criteria.

THE LIPID-MOBILIZING EFFECT OF SOME PITUITARY GLAND PREPARATIONS

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Trygstad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Gland Extract

ABSTRACT Lipid-mobilizing effect has been observed for nearly all the accepted pituitary hormones and for several suggested pituitary 'lipotrophins'. Pituitary hormone preparations are usually not homogeneous, and even a highly purified ACTH (p.ACTH) contains less than 30 per cent pure adrenocorticotrophin. Crude ACTH (c.ACTH) was found to be 250 times more adipokinetic in rabbits than p.ACTH, indicating that this effect was mainly due to impurities. A lipid-mobilizing fraction (LMFr) was precipitated from a human pituitary gland extract before the preparation of growth hormone and crude gonadotrophins, whereby the adipokinetic effect of these preparations in the rabbit became negligible. Removal of LMFr gave an electrophoretically purified growth hormone with reduced molecular weight and an increased somatotrophic potency per unit weight in a radioimmunoassay system. Injection of the lipotrophic preparations into rabbits lowered the serum calcium level, and concentrations below 3 meq./l were observed, often accompanied by convulsions and in some instances by death. It is concluded that the adipokinetic and hypocalcaemic effects of c.ACTH, p.ACTH and the employed human growth hormone preparations in rabbits may be due to contaminations. It is suggested that the LMFr contains a human pituitary lipotrophic factor which may also be responsible for the hypocalcaemia observed in the rabbit.

scholarly journals Regulation of the Duration of Spawning Cycles of Catfish in Industrial Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Romanova ◽  
Vaselina Lyubomirova ◽  
Vasily Romanov ◽  
Ludmila Shadyeva ◽  
Tatiana Shlenkina
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Optimal Duration ◽  
Fundamental Research

This article is devoted to the study of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus eggs produced at different durations of the inter-spawning interval. Eggs were produced artificially using sex hormones. In industrial aquaculture, the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus does not reproduce naturally. Therefore, the problem of obtaining high-quality eggs that will be used for in-vitro fertilization is urgent. To implement artificial spawning of fish in industrial aquaculture, it is necessary to correctly choose the effective hormonal stimulator and empirically select its dose. Sex hormones are involved in regulating the duration of the inter-spawning interval and affect the quality of eggs produced both for fertilization and for food purposes. The pituitary gland of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus and surfagon were used as gametogenesis stimulators. The aim of the work was to study the optimal duration of the inter-spawning interval and the effect of hormonal inducers used to stimulate artificial spawning in industrial aquaculture. The use of the catfish pituitary gland in fresh or acetonated form as a hormonal stimulator provided higher-quality eggs, compared to the synthetic hormonal drug - surfagon. Stimulation with acetonated pituitary injections reduced the inter-spawning interval of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus to three months, and the use of surfagon prolonged the inter-spawning interval to four months. Reducing the duration of the inter-spawning interval is important for the production of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus eggs for food purposes. Studies have shown that reducing the optimal duration of the inter-spawning interval negatively affects the quality of the produced eggs and their quantity. This research was financially supported by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research, project No. 18-016-00127. Keywords: aquaculture, African Catfish Clarias gariepinus, eggs, inter-spawning period, sex hormones, oocytes

290 OPTIMAL OF DOSE OF OVINE PITUITARY GLAND EXTRACT OVAGEN® FOR SUPERSTIMULATION OF BEEF COW DONORS IN ARGENTINA

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
G. Brogliatti ◽  
J. Villarreal ◽  
L. Cutaia ◽  
A. Albrech ◽  
A. Garcia Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Gland Extract ◽  
Donor Cows

The success of an embryo transfer program is measured by the number of calves born alive by female donor in a given period. The success is influenced by several factors related to the number of ovulations, fertilization rate, and embryo viability (Armstrong D 1993 Theriogenology 39, 7–24). One of the main inconveniences of embryo transfer programs is the variability of superovulatory response to treatments. An experiment was designed to determine the optimal dose of ovine pituitary gland extract Ovagen® (ICPbio, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand) for inducing superovulation in Aberdeen Angus donor cows. Sixty cycling multiparous donors with a condition score between 3.5 and 4.5 (Scale 1 to 5) were used. All donors received an intravaginal progesterone device DIB (1 g of Progesterone, Syntex, Buenos Aires, Argentina), along with 2 mg of EB (Estradiol Benzoate, Syntex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and 50 mg of progesterone (Laboratorio Rio de Janeiro, Argentina) on Day 0. Superestimulatory treatment began on Day 4 and donors were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups according to the total dose of NIADDK-oFSH-Z (Ovagen®) as follows: Group 1, cows received the total dose recommended by the manufacturer (100%* Group), 17.6 mg; Group 2, cows received 75% of the total dose recommended by manufacturer (75% Group), 13.2 mg and Group 3, cows received 50% of the total dose recommended by manufacturer (50% Group), 8.8 mg. All cows received two 150 μg of D+ cloprostenol IM (Ciclase, Syntex) injections on Day 6 given at 12 h interval. DIB was removed on Day 7 a.m. On Day 8 a.m., cows received 0.05 mg of GnRH IM (Gonasyn, Syntex). Fixed time AI was done on Day 8 p.m. and Day 9 a.m. with high quality frozen–thawed semen. On Day 15 embryo collection was performed by non-surgically method and evaluated by developmental stage and quality. The efficiency of superestimulatory response was evaluated by total amount of collected ova-embryos, fertilized ova and embryos Grade 1, 2, and 3, (according to IETS manual). One way AOV test was used to compare variables among groups and results are shown in Table 1. A significant increase in total CL was observed for the groups receiving 75% or 100% of the recommended dose with respect to the group receiving 50% of that dose. There was also a significant greater number of grade 1 embryos for the groups receiving 75% or 100% of the dose than in the group receiving 50% of the recommended dose. There were no differences for any of the evaluated parameters between 75% and 100% dose groups. These results suggest that acceptable superstimulatory responses can be obtained using reduced doses of Ovagen® in Aberdeen Angus donor cows. (*) the percentage makes reference to the total dose recommended by the laboratory of origin. Table 1.Embryo collection results of superstimulated donors with different dose* of NIADDK-oFSH-Z (Ovagen) Research supported by Syntex S.A. and Eolia S.A.

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