THE LIPID-MOBILIZING EFFECT OF SOME PITUITARY GLAND PREPARATIONS

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Trygstad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Gland Extract

ABSTRACT Lipid-mobilizing effect has been observed for nearly all the accepted pituitary hormones and for several suggested pituitary 'lipotrophins'. Pituitary hormone preparations are usually not homogeneous, and even a highly purified ACTH (p.ACTH) contains less than 30 per cent pure adrenocorticotrophin. Crude ACTH (c.ACTH) was found to be 250 times more adipokinetic in rabbits than p.ACTH, indicating that this effect was mainly due to impurities. A lipid-mobilizing fraction (LMFr) was precipitated from a human pituitary gland extract before the preparation of growth hormone and crude gonadotrophins, whereby the adipokinetic effect of these preparations in the rabbit became negligible. Removal of LMFr gave an electrophoretically purified growth hormone with reduced molecular weight and an increased somatotrophic potency per unit weight in a radioimmunoassay system. Injection of the lipotrophic preparations into rabbits lowered the serum calcium level, and concentrations below 3 meq./l were observed, often accompanied by convulsions and in some instances by death. It is concluded that the adipokinetic and hypocalcaemic effects of c.ACTH, p.ACTH and the employed human growth hormone preparations in rabbits may be due to contaminations. It is suggested that the LMFr contains a human pituitary lipotrophic factor which may also be responsible for the hypocalcaemia observed in the rabbit.

A comparison of the dynamics of secretion of human growth hormone and LH pulses

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. McIntosh ◽  
J. E. A. McIntosh ◽  
L. Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Hypothalamic Stimulation ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Stimulation Current

ABSTRACT Patterns of hypothalamic stimulation causing pituitary hormone release cannot be studied directly in humans; one possible approach is to make inferences from the nature of the response of the target organ as revealed by patterns of pituitary hormones in blood. Replicated, precise assay of LH in frequently sampled blood of women at differing stages of the menstrual cycle has demonstrated previously that secretion of this hormone is compatible with a model of discrete, instantaneous episodes of LH output, which are assumed to be stimulated by isolated bursts of increased stimulatory hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. However, similarly detailed measurements of the dynamic secretion patterns of GH in women reported here, revealed much slower rates of increase of GH concentrations (median time to maximum concentration 38 min) in comparison with LH (13 min) assayed in the same blood samples. These rise rates of GH were uncorrelated with the final amplitude of the peak and were observably discontinuous in half the peaks. Simultaneous i.v. injection of a bolus of mixed GRF and GnRH produced similar dynamics of pituitary release of GH and LH. Thus differences in patterns of natural release of the two hormones appear to be contributed to by differences in the modes of hypothalamic stimulation. Current understanding of control of GH release in animal models suggests that the slow-rising, frequently discontinuous natural peaks of GH in human blood are likely to be caused by interaction between the withdrawal of inhibitory hypothalamic somatostatin and the increased secretion of stimulatory GRF. J. Endocr. (1988) 118, 339-345

To the doctrine of pituitary hormones

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
V. S.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Uterine Muscle

W. Lampe (Wiener kl. Woch., 1926, No. 1) prepared from the posterior lobe of the human pituitary gland, by extraction with acetone, a dry preparation, which in its effect on blood pressure, diuresis and uterine muscle was similar to the pituitary extract obtained from the pars posterior hypophysis of animals.

Somatostatin Octapeptides (Lanreotide, Octreotide, Vapreotide, and Their Analogs) Share the Growth Hormone–Releasing Peptide Receptor in the Human Pituitary Gland

Endocrine ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 029-033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romano Deghenghi ◽  
Mauro Papotti ◽  
Ezio Ghigo ◽  
Giampiero Muccioli ◽  
Vittorio Locatelli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Peptide Receptor ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland

scholarly journals Evidence for a nonprolactin, non-growth-hormone mammary mitogen in the human pituitary gland.

1987 ◽  
Vol 84 (22) ◽  
pp. 8110-8114 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Newman ◽  
H. Cosby ◽  
H. G. Friesen ◽  
M. Feldman ◽  
P. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland

scholarly journals Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children and Adult Patients with Hypopituitarism: Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Mansour Hosseinlou
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Treatment Regimens

Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.If there is decreased secretion of one specific pituitary hormone, the condition is known as selective hypopituitarism. If there is decreased secretion of most or all pituitary hormones, the term panhypopituitarism is used. Hypopituitarism is a complex medical condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality, requires complicated treatment regimens, and necessitates lifelong follow up by the endocrinologist.

Localization of the aromatase enzyme expression in the human pituitary gland and its effect on growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid stimulating hormone axis

Endocrine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Sezgin Caglar ◽  
Aysegul Kapucu ◽  
Kadriye Akgun Dar ◽  
Hande Mefkure Ozkaya ◽  
Erkan Caglar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Enzyme Expression ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Effect On Growth ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

scholarly journals Lipocortin-1 immunoreactivity in the human pituitary gland.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1841-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Johnson ◽  
M E Gray ◽  
R B Pepinsky ◽  
M T Stahlman
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Intermediate Lobe ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Protein Immunoreactivity

We evaluated the distribution of lipocortin-1 immunoreactivity in 118 immature or mature human hypophyses using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique with a polyclonal rabbit antiserum against lipocortin-1. Serial sections were evaluated for five pituitary hormones and S-100 protein immunoreactivity to compare their distributions with that of lipocortin-1. Scattered or moderate numbers of cells exhibited lipocortin-1 immunoreactivity in the pars distalis of 89 subjects ranging in age from 27 weeks' gestation to 83 years. Seven immature and seven aged specimens exhibited no immunostaining, while 15 specimens from older individuals exhibited only rare immunostaining. Immunostaining did not appear to co-localize selectively with any specific pituitary hormone, although the distribution of immunoreactivity did overlap that of some corticotrophs and was seen in elongated processes of S-100-containing folliculostellate cells. Lipocortin-1 was also found in epithelial cells lining colloid cysts of the residual pars intermedia in 115 of 118 pituitaries ranging in age from 23 weeks' gestation to 83 years. In many intermediate lobe cysts, lipocortin-1 exhibited a pattern of immunoreactivity that partially overlapped the distribution of S-100 protein immunostaining, although the pattern was not identical. Pre-absorption of anti-lipocortin-1 antiserum with lipocortin-1-coupled Sepharose-4B immunoreactivity resulted in loss of immunoreactivity in both lobes. No lipocortin-1 immunoreactivity was seen in the neurohypophysis.

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