scholarly journals From genitive to linking element

2015 ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Hjalmar P. Petersen ◽  
Renata Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Acceptance Test ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
Linking Elements ◽  
Formal Development ◽  
Genitive Case ◽  
Linking Element

<p>In contemporary Faroese, the genitive as verbal and prepositional case has been replaced by the dative or the accusative, e.g. <em>bíða eftir mær </em>‘wait for me-DAT’ or <em>bíða mær </em>‘wait me-DAT’ instead of <em>bíða mín </em>‘wait mine-GEN’, and frequently also <em>til hann </em>‘to him-ACC’ instead of <em>til hansara </em>‘to him-GEN’. Genitive attributes are no longer in use either. In contrast, the system of linking elements in Faroese compounds, originating from the genitive endings, e.g. <em>dag+s+verk </em>‘days work’ (cf. <em>dag-s </em>‘day-GEN.SG.’), is subject to continuous development. In this paper, we first discuss the unproductive status of the genitive case. Against the background of the declining genitive, we will then show how the linking elements dissociate functionally and formally from their inflectional (genitive) source. We argue that the contemporary linking system of Faroese comprises different stages of this development. An important stage of dissociation is the (development of) non-paradigmatic linking elements, i.e. linkers which are not homophonic with any inflectional ending of the noun, e.g. +<em>s</em>+ in <em>úthurð+s+lykil </em>‘outdoor-LE1-key’, but <em>úthurð-ar </em>‘outdoor-GEN.SG.’ The decline of the genitive case has played a decisive role in the recent formal development of the linking system. Our acceptance test with novel and non-sense compounds shows the ongoing formal dissociation of the paradigmatic linker +<em>ar</em>+ into non-paradigmatic +<em>a</em>+, where the latter is used more often in front of obstruents.</p><p>Keywords: historical genitive, linking elements, case loss, compounds, paradigmatic and non-paradigmatic linking elements, syntactic case.</p>

Regional origin affects the interpretation of linking elements in spoken Dutch compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Hanssen ◽  
Arina Banga ◽  
Anneke Neijt ◽  
Robert Schreuder
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Linking Elements ◽  
Regional Origin ◽  
Linking Element

In Dutch, the linking element en in compounds is often homophonous with the regular plural suffix -en. Both are pronounced as [ә], [әn] or [ṇ] in different regions of the Netherlands. As a consequence, speakers of standard Dutch may interpret linking en in spoken compounds as a plural marker. The present study investigates whether the regional origin of the participants affects their interpretation of regional speech variants of linking en. In an auditory decision task, speakers from four regions decided if a compound was singular or plural. While all critical compounds required the singular response, reaction times were delayed when the compound contained a linking en: All speech variants of en produced interference for speakers from four regions of the Netherlands. Region North showed the greatest interference compared to the Middle region. Also, region Northeast revealed larger interference effects for linking [ә] and region South for linking [ṇ]. We conclude that a speaker’s regional origin affects interpretation.

scholarly journals Two languages, two sets of interpretations: Language-specific influences of morphological form on Dutch and English speakers' interpretation of compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina Banga ◽  
Esther Hanssen ◽  
Robert Schreuder ◽  
Anneke Neijt
Keyword(s):  
Native English Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Relativity ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Linking Elements ◽  
Noun Compounds ◽  
Linking Element

AbstractThe present study investigates linguistic relativity. Do form differences between Dutch and English influence the interpretations which speakers have? The Dutch element en in noun-noun compounds, for example in aardbeienjam ‘strawberry jam’ is homophonous and homographic with the regular plural suffix -en. English, in contrast, has no such typical linking elements in compounds. We therefore investigated the interpretation of Dutch modifiers in compounds and their English equivalents. We compared the plurality ratings of Dutch modifiers with and without the linking element en by native Dutch speakers, and the plurality ratings of English modifiers by native Dutch speakers and native English speakers. If the Dutch linking en induces plural meaning, we expected a difference between the plurality ratings by English speakers for English modifiers and by Dutch speakers for Dutch modifiers, such that the estimation of the number of strawberries in strawberry jam is lower for the English speakers than the number of aardbeien in aardbeienjam for the Dutch speakers. This is exactly what we found. Moreover, when native Dutch speakers rate the English equivalents, their interpretation of strawberry jam is the same as for native English speakers, which shows the language being used to influence semantic interpretations.

scholarly journals Female First Names Converted into Surnames

Philologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor Oanca ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genitive Case

The current expression of the lineage in Romanian anthroponymy, resulting in a surname, is achieved by deriving the father’s name with the suffix -escu (Ion Marinescu = Ion son of Marin), by the mother’s name in the genitive case, with the agglutinate Genitive article (Ion Amariei), or by the personal name of the father or mother (Ana Dumitru, Ion Maria), which joins the child’s personal name. Female personal names became surnames when the decisive role in the family was attributed to the mother, with the children relating to her and not to the father. In these cases, the Act on Names from 1895 ratified the mother’s name as a last name. The Annex contains 146 surnames derived from feminine personal names, retained from the Romanian Anthroponymic database (BDAR), with a frequency of more than 100, structured according to regions and counties.

Reforming Arab Reason

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Khalid Shibib
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Cultural Construct ◽  
Political Economic

As a humanitarian worker who was professionally involved for decades in crisis- and war-shaken countries, the author strove to understand the political, socioeconomic, and cultural factors contributing to conflicts. This contextualization, with a focus on Arab countries, confirmed what other thinkers found: the majority of political, economic, social, cultural, religious, and finally humanitarian crises in the Arab world are man-made and can be attributed to both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Central to the latter appears to be a shared cultural construct that can be termed “Arab reason.” This essay tries to present information on various aspects of the crisis; to understand why reform efforts come so late and why are they are more difficult for Arabs than for other Muslims. It continues by looking at the knowledge systems that govern Arab reason and their evolution, including the decisive role of the religious knowledge system. From there, it proposes some reform ideas including a renewed legal reasoning process with the goal of a future-oriented, knowledge-based, and inclusive Arab Islamic vision. A pragmatic way forward could be an additional unifying eighth legal school (madhhab/madhāhib) to counter sectarian conflicts and violence. This essay is built on a targeted literature search and is not a comprehensive review of the growing literature generated by distinguished thinkers on various aspects of Arab Islamic identity.

The public and the private: reconfiguring the interrelationship during a civil act

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Natalia Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere

The subject matter of research interest here is the movement of sociological reflection concerning the interplay of public and private realms in social, political and individual life. The focus is on the boundary constructs embodying publicity, which are, first of all, classical models of the space of appearance for free citizens of the polis (H. Arendt) and the public sphere organised by communicative rationality (Ju. Habermas). Alternative patterns are present in modern ideas pertaining to the significance of biological component in public space in the context of biopolitics (M. Foucault), “inclusive exclusion of bare life” (G. Agamben), as well as performativity of corporeal and linguistic experience related to the right to participate in civil acts such as popular assembly (J. Butler), where the established distinctions between the public and the private are levelled, and the interrelationship of these two realms becomes reconfigured. Once the new media have come into play, both the structure and nature of the public sphere becomes modified. What assumes a decisive role is people’s physical interaction with online communication gadgets, which instantly connect information networks along various trajectories. However, the rapid development of information technology produces particular risks related to the control of communications industry, leaving both public and private realms unprotected and deforming them. This also urges us to rethink the issue of congruence of the two ideas such as transparency of societies and security.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document