‘An overwhelming sense of déjà vu’

Chapter 4 examines the importance of the long poem for Muldoon. It engages with his ever-expanding schemes of rhyme, and identifies a turn in Muldoon’s rhyming practice that coincides with his move to America. The archival discoveries in this chapter shed light on the most striking formal development of Muldoon’s American phase, namely, the introduction of a template of ninety end-words which recurs through multiple volumes. This rhyming procedure—a means of remembering and repeating earlier material—has become the blueprint for Muldoon’s longer forms (many of which are elegies), and gives rise to an extended intertextual performance of memory and mourning. If rhyme is often understood as a form of remembering, Muldoon’s long rhyming forms monumentalize the inability to forget, pulling the poet’s Irish past into his present and future writings in America.

Teletrabajo, una aproximación desde lo local. experiencias en el Ayuntamiento. de Salamanca, especial referencia al organismo de recaudación (OAGER) (2010-2020). ¿Más allá de la pandemia?

Laburpena: Hurrengo orrialdeetan egiten den ekarpenak erakunde-errealitateari buruzko hurbilketa deskriptibo bat egin nahi du; telelaneko proiektu bat jarri da abian, zerbitzu publikoak hobetzeko ahaleginean beste elementu bat bezala, zerbitzu hori ematen duten arduradunen inplikazio eta konpromisoarekin: enplegatuak. Azken 10 urteetan garatzen ari den prozesu baten aurrean gaude; aldi luzea da hori, baina ez hainbeste Espainiako administrazio publikoaren logiketan. Orrialde hauetan zehar ikusiko dugu ahalegin hori errealitate handiago baten barruan garatzen dela, Salamancako Udalean. Izan ere, udal horrek beste erritmo batzuk ditu, baina aldaketa-inguruneak egotea eta sistemak abian jartzea errazten du. Lankidetzazko logika parte-hartzaile eta garden batean garatuko da, non pertsonen pertzepzioa, modu zientifikoan eta sistematikoan, bai enplegatuena bai herritarrena, prozesu horien elementu nuklear bihurtzen diren. Hala ere, ez da saiatzen telelanaren gairako hurbilketa akademiko bat egiten, eta ez dugu aurkituko sistema edo tresnen garapen formalik, antolaketa-errealitate berri horri lotuta eta, zehazki, lan-ingurune publikoetako lanaren eta harremanen antolamenduari lotuta. Abstract: The contribution developed in the following pages endeavors to take a descriptive approach to an organizational reality in which a teleworking project has been set in motion as yet another effort to improve the public services, with the involvement and commitment of those responsible for providing them: the employees. We are witnessing a process which has been developing over the last 10 years, a long period, but not particularly so in the logics of the Spanish Public Administration. Over these pages we will see how this effort develops within a wider reality, the Salamanca City Council, which has other paces, but facilitates the existence of environments of change and the setting in motion of systems; in a collaborative, participatory and transparent logic, where the perception of persons, scientifically and systematically, both of employees and citizens, becomes a nuclear element of these processes. It does not try, however, to be an academic approximation to the subject of teleworking, nor are we going to find a formal development of systems or tools, related to this new organizational reality and specifically to organization of the work and relations in public working environments. Resumen: La aportación que se desarrolla en las siguientes páginas intenta realizar una aproximación descriptiva de una realidad organizacional en la que se ha puesto en marcha un proyecto de teletrabajo, como un elemento más de un esfuerzo por la mejora de los servicios públicos, con la implicación y el compromiso de los encargados de su prestación: el personal empleado. Estamos ante un proceso que se viene desarrollando los últimos 10 años, periodo largo, pero no tanto en las lógicas de la administración pública española. A lo largo de estas páginas veremos cómo este esfuerzo se desarrolla dentro de una realidad mayor, el Ayuntamiento de Salamanca, que tiene otros ritmos, pero facilita la existencia de entornos de cambio y la puesta en marcha de sistemas; en una lógica colaborativa, participativa y transparente, donde la percepción de las personas, de forma científica y sistemática, tanto de personal empleado como la ciudadanía, se convierten en elementos nucleares de estos procesos. No intenta, sin embargo, ser una aproximación académica al tema del Teletrabajo, ni tampoco nos vamos a encontrar con un desarrollo formal de sistemas o herramientas, vinculadas con esta nueva realidad organizacional y específicamente de organización del trabajo y las relaciones en los entornos laborales públicos.

Connectives and cyclicity

This paper focuses on the formal and functional development of Italian allora (< Latin ad illa(m) hora(m) [‘in that hour’]) ‘at that time, then, well’ considering its polyfunctionality and its relationship with the functional space of dunque (‘then, therefore’). The developments of both forms revolve around their functional domains as connectives and as discourse markers which over the centuries have shown different degrees of functional overlap. Even though the two forms show a fairly stable functional overlap, since the twentieth century allora has begun to replace dunque with increasing frequency in many discourse marker functions. This substitution can be described in terms of a semantic–pragmatic cycle, while the formal development of allora from Latin ad illa(m) hora(m) is an instance of a morphological cycle.

BACKDOOR POLITICS: PERMITTING INFORMALITY FOR FORMAL DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICAN DEMOCRACIES

The backdoor politics is a general term behind the study of effective and responsible public policy from the perspective of informal political processes. The study analyses informal input determinants that affect responsible public politics. The methodology utilises data from the Afrobarometer database, assessing three countries in Africa, from the east, west and southern parts – Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa, respectively. The starting point of this methodology is that policy is responsible and effective if it integrates formal and informal decision-making processes and decision implementation.

Developing Complementary Rough Inclusion Functions

SummaryWe continue the formal development of rough inclusion functions (RIFs), continuing the research on the formalization of rough sets [15] – a well-known tool of modelling of incomplete or partially unknown information. In this article we give the formal characterization of complementary RIFs, following a paper by Gomolińska [4]. We expand this framework introducing Jaccard index, Steinhaus generate metric, and Marczewski-Steinhaus metric space [1]. This is the continuation of [9]; additionally we implement also parts of [2], [3], and the details of this work can be found in [7].