Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani Root Rot of Chilli by Bacillus subtilis formulations under Pot Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ashwini Narasimhan ◽  
Srividya Shivakumar
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor R. Khan ◽  
Zaki A. Siddiqui

AbstractEffects of Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis alone, and in combinations for the management of Meloidogyne incognita, Pectobacterium betavasculorum, and Rhizoctonia solani disease complex of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), were studied. Application of P. putida or B. subtilis to plants with M. incognita or P. betavasculorum or R. solani singly or in combinations caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and the activities of defense enzymes. A significant increase in chlorophyll fluorescence attributes, viz., Fv/Fm, ɸPSII, qP, NPQ, and ETR were recorded in plants treated with P. putida or B. subtilis over pathogen-inoculated plants. Inoculation of P. putida results in a higher reduction in galling and nematode multiplication than B. subtilis. Maximum reduction in nematode multiplication and galling occurred when a mixture of P. putida and B. subtilis was used. Soft rot and root rot indices were 3 when Pectobacterium betavasculorum and Rhizoctonia solani were inoculated alone. The disease indices were rated 5 when these pathogens and M. incognita were inoculated in combinations. Inoculation of P. putida/B. subtilis with P. betavasculorum or R. solani reduced soft rot and root rot indices to 2 out of 3, while the use of P. putida + B. subtilis reduced indices to 1. Disease indices were reduced to 2–3 out of 5, when P. putida + B. subtilis were used to plants inoculated with two or three pathogens. The principal component analysis showed significant correlations among the various studied attributes. Two principal components explained a total of 86.1 and 93.4% of the overall data variability. Therefore, the use of P. putida together with B. subtilis had the potential for successful management of disease complex of beetroot.


2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwini Narasimhan ◽  
Srividya Shivakumar

The chilli crop suffers massive yield loss due to root rot caused by <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>. An increase of 10 × 10<sup>5</sup> root colonizing units/cm was obtained as a result of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> in vitro root colonisation assay post germination. Shelf life studies of the formulations revealed stable population level of the biocontrol agent upto 180<sup>th</sup> day (30°C - 1.6 × 10<sup>8</sup>; 4°C - 1.9 × 10<sup>8</sup>) in talc and upto 150<sup>th</sup> day in lignite (30°C - 1.5 × 10<sup>8</sup>; 4°C - 1.3 × 10<sup>8</sup>). Soil, seed, foliar spray and dip treatment methods of <em>B. subtilis</em> and chlorothalonil brought about a considerable enhancement of all biometric parameters and reduced disease incidence compared to the untreated control. In comparison to the untreated control (50 g and 21 g fresh and dry weight, respectively), highest plant fresh weight (76.84 g) and dry weight (34.17 g) was achieved by the Seed application method. Comparison of plant height revealed maximum values 70 cm (soil application) and 77 cm (dip treatment) with <em>B. subtilis</em> application which was analogous to chlorothalonil treatment (56.5 cm with soil application and 70.33 cm with dip treatment) which was considerably superior to the untreated control (58.2 cm with dip treatment and 61 cm with soil application, respectively). Root dip treatment showed considerable increase in root length with <em>B. subtilis</em> (33 cm) and chlorothalonil (28.5 cm) when compared to untreated control (15 cm). Growth promotion was better with Root dip application while disease control was achieved better with seed application. A 66% and 84% reduction in incitation of disease was noticed with soil and seed application methods, respectively.


Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2427-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Arabiat ◽  
Mohamed F. R. Khan

Rhizoctonia damping-off and crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani are major diseases of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide, and growers in the United States rely on fungicides for disease management. Sensitivity of R. solani to fungicides was evaluated in vitro using a mycelial radial growth assay and by evaluating disease severity on R. solani AG 2-2 inoculated plants treated with fungicides in the greenhouse. The mean concentration that caused 50% mycelial growth inhibition (EC50) values for baseline isolates (collected before the fungicides were registered for sugar beet) were 49.7, 97.1, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.9 μg ml−1 and for nonbaseline isolates (collected after registration and use of fungicides) were 296.1, 341.7, 0.9, 0.2, and 0.6 μg ml−1 for azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, penthiopyrad, and prothioconazole, respectively. The mean EC50 values of azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin significantly increased in the nonbaseline isolates compared with baseline isolates, with a resistant factor of 6.0, 3.5, and 3.0, respectively. Frequency of isolates with EC50 values >10 μg ml−1 for azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin increased from 25% in baseline isolates to 80% in nonbaseline isolates. Although sensitivity of nonbaseline isolates of R. solani to quinone outside inhibitors decreased, these fungicides at labeled rates were still effective at controlling the pathogen under greenhouse conditions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 1237-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Ageeb Akladious ◽  
Eman Zakaria Gomaa ◽  
Omima Mohammed El-Mahdy

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Ludwig ◽  
Andréa B. Moura

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de oito isolados bacterianos pré-selecionados de Pseudomonas synxatha, P. fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sp. e Stenotrophomonas malthophilia no controle da queima-das-bainhas do arroz, causada por Rhizoctonia solani. Sementes da cultivar El Passo L144 foram imersas em suspensão (A540=0,5) de cada um dos isolados e agitadas por 30 min a 10ºC. Sementes imersas somente em solução salina e em salina mais fungicida (Carboxin + Thiran) foram utilizadas como testemunhas. Foram semeadas 10 sementes por vaso, em quatro repetições, dispostas em delineamento completamente casualizado. Foram realizados três ensaios, sendo que no primeiro foi possível selecionar três isolados como promissores, com reduções na severidade da doença atingindo 50, 33,3 e 16,7 %, respectivamente. Estes isolados foram utilizados nos ensaios posteriores, instalados em casa de vegetação e conduzidos até o ponto de colheita, onde foi possível observar o efeito biocontrolador propiciado, principalmente, pelo isolado de P. fluorescens DFs223, com reduções significativas na severidade da doença chegando a 88 e 91,7% no segundo e terceiro ensaios respectivamente. Em ambos os ensaios, houve incremento tanto do número de panículas quanto do número de perfilhos e da massa seca de raízes em até 42,8, 81,2 e 113% respectivamente, nas plantas tratadas com o isolado de P. fluorescens DFs223.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Ratna Sari Dewi ◽  
Giyanto Giyanto ◽  
Meity Suradji Sinaga ◽  
Dadang Dadang ◽  
Bambang Nuryanto

Saat ini teknologi pengendalian hayati penyakit utama padi terus berkembang. Dalam pengembangan teknologi pengendalian hayati, mekanisme penghambatan patogen dalam perkembangan penyakit pada suatu populasi tumbuhan dalam area tertentu menjadi hal yang penting. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan bakteri agens hayati potensial dalam pengendalian penyakit penting padi di antaranya yang disebabkan Pyricularia oryzae, Xanthomnas oryzae pv. oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Burkholderia glumae, dan Drechlera oryzae, berdasarkan mekanisme antagonisme, kemampuan menginduksi ketahanan dan mendukung kebugaran tanaman, serta kompatibilitas antaragens hayati. Ralstonia pickettii TT47, Pseudomonas fluorescens P12, Chromobacterium sp. T51118, Bacillus subtilis 451 dan 154, serta Streptomyces sp. T51105 dibuktikan memiliki mekanisme antibiosis dengan menghasilkan metabolit sekunder dan senyawa volatil. Berdasarkan uji produksi enzim kitinolitik Chromobacterium sp. dan Streptomyces sp. memiliki mekanisme lisis. Aktivitas antibiotik R. pickettii dan P. fluorescens tergolong kuat terhadap P. oryzae dengan penekanan secara berurutan sebesar 79.68% dan 77.59% pada uji biakan ganda. Penekanan pertumbuhan miselium P. oryzae dan R. solani pada uji volatil mencapai 100% oleh Chromobacterium sp. Semua agens hayati umumnya mampu menginduksi ketahanan dan mendukung kebugaran tanaman. Uji kompatibilitas menunjukan R. pickettii, P. fluorescens, dan Chromobacterium sp. bersifat kompatibel. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh tiga bakteri agens hayati dengan kategori unggul, yaitu P. fluorescens P12, R. pickettii TT47, dan Chromobacterium sp. T51118. Ketiganya mampu menekan pertumbuhan patogen, menginduksi ketahanan dan mendukung kebugaran tanaman, memiliki patogen sasaran yang lebih beragam, serta bersifat kompatibel.


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