BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE Neomarica northiana (SCHNEEV) SPRAGUE (IRIDACEAE): “MERANTHIA” - UM CASO ESPECIAL DE POLINIZAÇÃO = REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF Neomarica northiana (SCHNEEV) SPRAGUE (IRIDACEAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
Natural Pollination ◽  
Floral Resource

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a biologia reprodutiva de Neomarica northiana (Schneev) Sprague (Iridaceae), erva perene que ocorre nas restingas do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A flor desta espécie apresenta três unidades funcionais de polinização denominada “meranthia”. O recurso floral oferecido aos polinizadores é a substância lipídica exsudada na base das tépalas. Análise de cromotografia gasosa das tépalas indicou a presença de limoneno. As flores de N. northiana são polinizadas exclusivamente por abelhas poliléticas de grande porte, Xylocopa sp.. Neomarica northiana é autocompatível. A produção de frutos por polinização natural foi maior do que a produção por polinização manual cruzada. A taxa de fecundidade é de 0,47. Neomarica northiana apresenta crescimento clonal que pode ocorrer de duas formas distintas, por meio do caule rizomatoso e por meio de bulbilhos formados na axila das brácteas.AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate the reproductive biology of Neomarica northiana (Iridaceae), a perennial herb that occurs in the Atlantic Coast restingas (humid subtropical broadleaf forest) of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Each flower of this species has three functional pollinating units called “meranthia”. The main floral resource provided to bees by Neomarica northiana is a lipid substance exuded at the base of the tepals. Gas-chromatographic analysis of tepal samples revealed the presence of limonene. Flowers of N. northiana are pollinated exclusively by large bodied species of bees (Xylocopa sp.). Fruit production from natural pollination is higher than from manual pollination. The fecundity rate is 0.47. Neomarica northiana has clonal growth, which may occur by means of the rhizomatous stem, which produces offshoots close to one another; or by means of axillary bulbils. 

scholarly journals Inconclusive evidence of sexual reproduction of invasive Halophila stipulacea: a new field guide to encourage investigation of flower and fruit production throughout its invasive range

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-540
Author(s):  
Fee O.H. Smulders ◽  
Kelcie L. Chiquillo ◽  
Demian A. Willette ◽  
Paul H. Barber ◽  
Marjolijn J.A. Christianen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Halophila Stipulacea ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Low Rate

AbstractThe dioecious seagrass species Halophila stipulacea reproduces mainly through fast clonal growth, underlying its invasive behavior. Here, we provide morphological evidence to show that the first findings of fruits in the Caribbean were misidentified. Consequently, H. stipulacea reproduction is likely still only asexual in the Caribbean. Therefore, we introduce an identification key of H. stipulacea reproductive structures to encourage careful identification and quantification throughout its invasive range. Until large-scale seed production in invaded habitats is reported, the apparent low rate of sexual reproduction needs to be considered in current studies investigating the invasion capacity of this species.

scholarly journals Sea-level fluctuations and coastal evolution in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO WAGNER A. CASTRO ◽  
KENITIRO SUGUIO ◽  
JOSÉ C.S. SEOANE ◽  
ALINE M. DA CUNHA ◽  
FABIO F. DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Evolution ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
First Time

The present paper aims to investigate the relative sea-level and the coastal evolution during the Holocene in the Rio de Janeiro coastline, based on geological and biological indicators. Using topographic survey, excavation and coring, and 14C dating of these coastal deposits and beachrocks outcrops, we have reconstructed a sea-level curve for the Holocene. For the first time on the Brazilian coast it was identified a negative record of relative sea-level during Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene transition. After the transition, a relatively rapid increase of sea-level began. At approximately at 8500 cal yr BP, the sea-level was 0.5 m below the current level, was overtaken for the first time in the Holocene, at approximately 7500 cal yr BP. The maximum level of +2.5 m was reached between 4770 and 4490 cal yr BP. At the point of maximum transgression, the sea-level began a general behavior of lowering until the present. These results confirm other data already obtained elsewhere along the Atlantic coast of South America. The results of this study are consistent with previous researches and they help to refine the Holocene sea-level record along the Brazilian coast.

scholarly journals The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 143. Apocynum cannabinum L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
A DiTommaso ◽  
D R Clements ◽  
S J Darbyshire ◽  
J T Dauer
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Erect Leaves

Hemp dogbane, Apocynum cannabinum (Apocynaceae), is a perennial herb with white to greenish flowers in terminal clusters that produces pencil-like pods 12-20 cm long. A highly variable plant, A. cannabinum may be distinguished from spreading dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) by its shorter corolla (2-6 mm compared with 5-10 mm), erect greenish-white petals (compared with recurved or spreading pinkish petals), seeds more than 3 mm long (compared with seeds less than 3 mm), and more erect leaves (compared with spreading or drooping leaves), although frequent hybridization between the two species obscures the identity of some individuals. Hemp dogbane is native to the United States and southern Canada, but most abundant in the upper Mississippi River Valley and east to the Atlantic coast. It has been increasing in other areas, and becoming more of a problem where conservation tillage is adopted. It infests crops such as corn (Zea mays), soybeans (Glycine max), wheat (Triticum aestivum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and forages, and may cause livestock poisoning due to cardiac glycosides within its milky sap (but livestock generally avoid it). Potential medicinal uses of these compounds have been investigated, and the roots are a source of fibre. Control of A. cannabinum with various herbicides is difficult due to a thick cuticle, and one solution may be to target susceptible stages, such as seedlings or early spring growth. Cultivation may also control A. cannabinum, but care must be taken not to promote the proliferation of the plant through regrowth from fragmented roots and rhizomes. Rotation with alfalfa also reduces populations of A. cannabinum.Key words: Hemp dogbane, APCCA, Apocynum cannabinum, Apocynaceae, weed biology

Distribution and reproductive biology of the lentil bobtail squid,Rondeletiola minor(Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) from the Portuguese Atlantic Coast

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 802-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Czudaj ◽  
João Pereira ◽  
Ana Moreno ◽  
Ulrich Saint-Paul ◽  
Rui Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Atlantic Coast

scholarly journals Possibility of Seedless ‘Koyama New Summer’ Fruit Production by Fruit Thinning under Natural Pollination Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Naoya Hamabe ◽  
Akiko Baba ◽  
Minori Maeda ◽  
Motohiro Taneishi ◽  
Susumu Hisamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Natural Pollination ◽  
Summer Fruit

scholarly journals Mulch Effects on Floral Resources and Fruit Production of Squash, and on Pollination and Nesting by Squash Bees

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin E. Splawski ◽  
Emilie E. Regnier ◽  
S. Kent Harrison ◽  
Karen Goodell ◽  
Mark A. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Floral Resource

Zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo) has a high pollination demand, and the native, ground-nesting squash bee (Peponapis pruinosa) provides the majority of the crop’s pollination requirement in some environments. Squash bees nest directly in crop fields, and nests can be disturbed by tillage and other management operations. Mulches that use municipal waste materials may provide a weed control strategy for squash plantings that is more benign to squash bees than cultivation. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to compare the effects of nontillage weed control methods including polyethylene black plastic, woodchips, shredded newspaper, a combination of shredded newspaper plus grass clippings (NP + grass), and bare soil (control) on soil characteristics, squash pollination and fruit production, and squash bee nesting. Woodchips, shredded newspaper, and NP + grass mulch decreased soil temperature, while soils beneath newspaper mulch retained more moisture. Unmarketable, misshapen fruit occurred more frequently in plastic than in the other mulch treatments. No measurable differences in floral resource production or crop pollination were found among treatments, suggesting that misshapen fruit resulted from high soil temperatures in black plastic plots rather than poor pollinator attraction. Squash bee nests were located within bare soil, newspaper, and NP + grass plots, indicating that these mulches did not prevent nesting. NP + grass mulch had a positive effect on plant growth and fruit production, possibly from an addition of plant-available nitrogen or the presence of preferable nesting ground. Shredded newspaper when combined with grass clippings performed as an effective mulch material that improved crop performance with no apparent negative impacts on squash bee nesting or on squash floral resources and pollination.

Reproductive biology of Monttea aphylla (Scrophulariaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Tadey
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Monte Desert ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
Pollinator Assemblage ◽  
Oil Flowers ◽  
Floral Syndromes

Monttea aphylla is an aphyllus shrub abundant in the Monte Desert, Argentina. This species presents particular floral syndromes including violet, tubular flowers with trichome elaiophores that produce oil. Oil flowers are associated with specialised bees with an oil-collecting apparatus. To better understand the reproductive biology of M. aphylla, the mating system, flowering phenology, the associated pollinator assemblage and foraging behaviour was determined at the southern-most part of its distributional range. Results were compared with those of previous studies and discussed. At this southern location M. aphylla is a self-incompatible species; it relies on pollinators for fruit production and presented a low fruit set. Flowering occurred during the spring, from October to December. M. aphylla was pollinated by three species of bees (Apidae); two generalist species (Centris brethesi and Mesonychium jenseni) and one specialist to M. aphylla (Centris vardyorum). M. jenseni is a cleptoparasite of Centris species. Centris species are oil-collecting bees and showed territorial behaviour (i.e. they always visited a restricted group of plants which they protected from other visitors), they visited several flowers/plants, which enhanced geitonogamous self-pollination and reduced pollination efficiency, and which might explain the low natural fruit set observed in M. aphylla. C. vardyorum was the most important pollinator of M. aphylla in the study area. The reproductive biology of M. aphylla differs along its distributional range. Apparently, southern populations of M. aphylla are more specialised than the northern populations, the former being pollinated by a few related pollinator species whereas at the northern location a variety of visitors were observed.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of three medicinal plants

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Shamim Ara Liza ◽  
Md. Oliur Rahman ◽  
Md. Zashim Uddin ◽  
Md. Abul Hassan ◽  
Momtaz Begum
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Asclepias Curassavica ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
Pollination Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Clerodendrum Viscosum

This paper presents the flower morphology, pollination mechanisms and seed germination of three indigenous medicinal plants of Bangladesh namely, Asclepias curassavica L., Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. and Scoparia dulcis L. The minimum days taken for seed germination in Asclepias curassavica, Clerodendrum viscosum and Scoparia dulcis are 6, 14 and 9, respectively. Epigeal type of seed germination has been noted in Asclepias curassavica and Scoparia dulcis, whereas hypogeal type of seed germination has been found in Clerodendrum viscosum. Fruit production is highest in Scoparia dulcis among the species studied and a maximum of 304 seeds are produced per fruit in it. Maximum 108 seeds are produced per fruit in Asclepias curassavica. Among the species investigated Asclepias curassavica and Clerodendrum viscosum are cross-pollinated, and Scoparia dulcis is self-pollinated. Butterflies, bees and ants are noted to be the pollinators in Asclepias curassavica and in Clerodendrum viscosum black ants, butterflies and long tongue hawk moths are the pollinators.Keywords: Taxonomy; pollination; seed germination; Asclepias curassavica L.; Clerodendrum viscosum Vent.; Scoparia dulcis L.DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v17i1.5391Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 17(1): 69-78, 2010 (June)

Gray Triggerfish Reproductive Biology, Age, and Growth off the Atlantic Coast of the Southeastern USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Kelly-Stormer ◽  
Virginia Shervette ◽  
Kevin Kolmos ◽  
David Wyanski ◽  
Tracey Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Southeastern Usa ◽  
Gray Triggerfish
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