scholarly journals SWOT analysis of ST integration in DHC systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Leoni ◽  
Ralf-Roman Schmidt ◽  
Roman Geyer ◽  
Patrick Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Systemic Level

Solar thermal (ST) energy is one of the few renewable heat sources that is available almost everywhere and can bring multiple benefits to district heating and cooling (DHC) networks (on an environmental and systemic level) with very low operation costs and risks. However, the current share of ST in DHC networks is almost zero on a global scale.

scholarly journals The future of DH and the role of solar thermal energy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf-Roman Schmidt ◽  
Paolo Leoni ◽  
Hamid Aghaie
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Systemic Level

Solar thermal (ST) energy is one of the few renewable heat sources that is available almost everywhere and can bring multiple benefits to district heating and cooling (DHC) networks (on an environmental and systemic level) with very low operation costs and risks. However, the current share of ST in DHC networks is almost zero on a global scale.

scholarly journals Investigation on Relative Heat Losses and Gains of Heating and Cooling Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-490
Author(s):  
Violeta Madan ◽  
Ingo Weidlich
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature ◽  
Steady State Heat ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

Abstract The integration of district heating (DH) and cooling (DC) in the sustainable energy system of the future requires a significant reduction in operating temperatures. Supply temperatures below 70 °C are required for new 4th Generation DH. Main benefits are the use of low exergy heat sources and the reduction of heat losses. The reduction of heat losses is achieved by reducing the driving temperature difference between the medium pipe and the ground. The decrease of the return temperature level is limited by the consumer behaviour and the ground temperature level. As a consequence, the reduction of the supply temperature is accompanied by a reduction of the maximum transmittable heat flow. For energy efficiency and economic reasons, the relative heat losses are therefore an important design value for DH networks. The study proposes an approach to estimate the relative heat losses by using steady-state heat loss models and analyses the values for different DH generations. In particular, due to the rising of the near-surface soil temperature, the relative cold losses are also studied.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Geothermal Collector Systems for 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6035
Author(s):  
Robin Zeh ◽  
Björn Ohlsen ◽  
David Philipp ◽  
David Bertermann ◽  
Tim Kotz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Low temperature district heating and cooling networks (5GDHC) in combination with very shallow geothermal energy potentials enable the complete renewable heating and cooling supply of settlements up to entire city districts. With the help of 5GDHC, heating and cooling can be distributed at a low temperature level with almost no distribution losses and made useable to consumers via decentralized heat pumps (HP). Numerous renewable heat sources, from wastewater heat exchangers and low-temperature industrial waste heat to borehole heat exchangers and large-scale geothermal collector systems (LSC), can be used for these networks. The use of large-scale geothermal collector systems also offers the opportunity to shift heating and cooling loads seasonally, contributing to flexibility in the heating network. In addition, the soil can be cooled below freezing point due to the strong regeneration caused by the solar irradiation. Multilayer geothermal collector systems can be used to deliberately generate excessive cooling of individual areas in order to provide cooling energy for residential buildings, office complexes or industrial applications. Planning these systems requires expertise and understanding regarding the interaction of these technologies in the overall system. This paper provides a summary of experience in planning 5GDHC with large-scale geothermal collector systems as well as other renewable heat sources.

scholarly journals Optimal Design and Dispatch of Electrically Driven Heat Pumps and Chillers for a New Development Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-482
Author(s):  
Henrik Pieper ◽  
Torben Ommen ◽  
Brian Elmegaard ◽  
Anna Volkova ◽  
Wiebke Brix Markussen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
New Development

AbstractLarge-scale heat pumps (HPs) and refrigeration plants are essential technologies to decarbonise the heating and cooling sector. District heating and cooling (DHC) can be supplied with low carbon footprint, if power generated from renewable energy sources is used. The simultaneous supply of DHC is often not considered in energy planning, nor the characteristics of the heat source and sink. Simplified approaches may not reveal the true potential of HPs and chillers. In this paper, different heat sources and sinks and their characteristics were considered for the simultaneous supply of DHC based on large-scale HPs and refrigeration plants. An optimization model was developed based on mixed-integer linear programming. The model is able to identify ideal production and storage capacities, heat sources and sinks based on realistic hourly operation profiles. By doing so, it is possible to identify the most economical or sustainable supply of DHC using electricity. The optimization model was applied to the Nordhavn area, a new development district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The results show that a combination of different heat sources and sinks is ideal for the case study. A HP that uses the district cooling network as a heat source to supply DHC was shown to be very efficient and economical. Groundwater and sewage water HPs were proposed for an economical supply of district heating. The Pareto frontier showed that a large reduction in annual CO2 emissions is possible for a relatively small increase in investments.

scholarly journals Techno-economic comparison of the collected examples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Leoni
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
District Heating ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Economic Comparison

Subtask A “Network analysis and integration” focuses on the overall aspects of district heating and cooling networks with integrated solar thermal (ST) technologies. Particularly important are the cases in which the solar share is such to significantly influence the operation of the network and the other heat/cold supply units. In the present factsheet, the best-practice examples collected in the factsheet A-D1.1 are analyzed and compared.

scholarly journals Renewable Heating and Cooling Solutions for Buildings and Industry

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Andrea Frazzica ◽  
Régis Decorme ◽  
Marco Calderoni ◽  
Alessandra Cuneo ◽  
Zuzana Taťáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Selection Of

This workshop brought together a selection of H2020 EU-funded projects involving experts from the biomass, geothermal, solar thermal, and heat pump sectors to discuss a common strategy for increasing the use of renewable energy technologies for heating and cooling for buildings and industry.

scholarly journals Upgrading a District Heating System by Means of the Integration of Modular Heat Pumps, Geothermal Waters, and PVs for Resilient and Sustainable Urban Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2347
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Hałaj ◽  
Jarosław Kotyza ◽  
Marek Hajto ◽  
Grzegorz Pełka ◽  
Wojciech Luboń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The City

Krakow has an extensive district heating network, which is approximately 900 km long. It is the second largest city in terms of the number of inhabitants in Poland, resulting in a high demand for energy—for both heating and cooling. The district heating of the city is based on coal. The paper presents the conception of using the available renewable sources to integrate them into the city’s heating system, increasing the flexibility of the system and its decentralization. An innovative solution of the use of hybrid, modular heat pumps with power dependent on the needs of customers in a given location and combining them with geothermal waters and photovoltaics is presented. The potential of deep geothermal waters is based on two reservoirs built of carbonate rocks, namely Devonian and Upper Jurassic, which mainly consist of dolomite and limestone. The theoretical potential of water intake equal to the nominal heating capacity of a geothermal installation is estimated at 3.3 and 2.0 MW, respectively. Shallow geothermal energy potential varies within the city, reflecting the complex geological structure of the city. Apart from typical borehole heat exchangers (BHEs), the shallower water levels may represent a significant potential source for both heating and cooling by means of water heat pumps. For the heating network, it has been proposed to use modular heat pumps with hybrid sources, which will allow for the flexible development of the network in places previously unavailable or unprofitable. In the case of balancing production and demand, a photovoltaic installation can be an effective and sufficient source of electricity that will cover the annual electricity demand generated by the heat pump installation, when it is used for both heating and cooling. The alternating demand of facilities for heating and cooling energy, caused by changes in the seasons, suggests potential for using seasonal cold and heat storage.

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