scholarly journals The Sense of Smell in Logopaedic Theory and Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-145
Author(s):  
Renata Marciniak-Firadza

Olfactory disorders concern many diseases of laryngological, neurological, oncological and gerontological origins, and sometimes are one of the diagnostic symptoms of a serious illness. The aim of this article is to describe the sense of smell (anatomy, physiology, functions, etiology and characteristics of disorders) and, in particular, to present this sense in the context of logopedic theory and practice. Speech therapists may inter alia assess the functioning of the sense of smell on the basis of an interview with the patient or caregiver, make a general evaluation of the functioning of the sense of smell, using different olfactory samples. As part of speech therapy, speech therapists may include stimulation of the sense of smell through various exercises, e.g. odour differentiation exercises, exercises in guessing and naming different odours, exercises in differentiating odour intensity, exercises in searching the source of smell.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Zvoleyko Elena V ◽  

The process of professional training of future speech therapy teachers is closely related to the state of General and special education systems, focused on achievements in the development of the theory of speech therapy and the realities of practical speech therapy. All the factors the authors have noted make adjustments to the process of training speech therapists, often exposing the problems of their professionalization, generating discussion points in the course of professional training. The article discusses a number of problems that arise in the process of professionalization of future speech therapists. The first problem is related to the insufficient level of linguistic readiness of those who entered the training in the “Speech Therapy” profile. Another problem concerns the teaching of debatable aspects of speech therapy theory and practice-the unification of the categorical apparatus of speech therapy, the application of a scientifically based ratio of nosological and symptomological approaches in speech therapy theory and practice (when preparing speech therapy conclusions), the implementation of a comprehensive approach to the identification and correction of speech disorders, improving the differential diagnosis of various forms of speech disorders. The third problem of professional training of speech therapists is related to their future work with children with disabilities in the widespread practice of inclusive education. All the identified problems significantly affect the quality of speech therapists training, and therefore require discussion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 155-171
Author(s):  
Pavel A. Kislyakov ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Shmeleva ◽  
Vasily N. Feofanov ◽  
Yekaterina I. Dubrovinskaya ◽  
...  

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the need to match the requirements of stakeholders to the level of preparedness of a graduate of a master's degree. The purpose of the research. The research is aimed at the development and scientific substantiation of the master's degree program in the field of speech therapy support for persons with communication disorders of various categories in terms of interaction with stakeholders. Methodology and research methods. The Master's program is based on the principles and provisions of practice-oriented and competence-based approaches that ensure the formation of students ' professional competencies and practical skills in solving real professional problems, both in practical classes and during industrial practice on the basis of stakeholders. The research used methods of design, content analysis, questionnaires, mathematical statistics (descriptive statistics, factor analysis). The results. The mechanism of designing the master's degree program is based on the inclusion of stakeholders in the process of forming professional competencies of graduates, the development of its structure, content and areas of implementation (educational process, scientific work, practice, final qualification work, career guidance). The conducted research with the participation of stakeholders (56 people: speech therapists, speech pathologists, psychologists, rehabilitologists, managers) allowed us to determine the four-factor structure of knowledge, skills and labor actions (professional competencies) necessary for a speech therapist when working with people with communication disorders of various categories: ability to plan and implement the content of correctional and developmental classes (percentage of dispersion – 29.4); the ability to design an adapted basic general education program and a special individual development program (percentage of dispersion – 24.5); the ability to implement speech therapy support in the rehabilitation work system (percentage of dispersion – 18.9); the ability to plan and conduct applied scientific research in education, including the diagnosis of persons with communication disorders of various categories (percentage of dispersion – 7.8). Practical significance. The results obtained can be used by the heads of universities focused on the development of interaction with stakeholders, can help to encourage the introduction of practices and strategies that take into account the influence of stakeholders in the development of management decisions and the organization of effective training of teachers in the master's program. They may be of interest to speech therapists-practitioners, scientific supervisors of master's programs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3172-3173
Author(s):  
Maaz-ul-, Hassan ◽  
Syed Muhammad Shah ◽  
Ali Akbar Shah

Background: Appendicitis is a common infection which can lead to serious illness in children as well as adults. Objective: To assess the incidence of appendicitis in adults. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Shalamar Medical & Dental College, Lahore from 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: One hundred and eighty cases registered for abdominal pain in right iliac fossa. The appendectomy cases of adults (>45 years) were scrutinized from these cases. Demographic and clinical information was gathered from each appendicitis patient with diagnostic symptoms as well as histopathology and radiology imaging. Result: Eighty seven were confirmed acute appendicitis with 48 males and 39 females within the age group of 45-75 years. Gangrenous appendicitis was presented in 11.5% and perforated appendicitis was noticed in 31.03% of the total patients. Conclusion: The incidence of appendicitis was 48.33% in adults. Keywords: Appendectomy, Perforated, Misdiagnosis


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Elvira Ferrés-Amat ◽  
Tomasa Pastor-Vera ◽  
Paula Rodríguez-Alessi ◽  
Eduard Ferrés-Amat ◽  
Javier Mareque-Bueno ◽  
...  

The problems of suction in newborns give rise to multiple consequences for both the mother and the newborn. The objective of this paper is to present a case of ankyloglossia (“tongue-tie”) and the suction problems that were treated by a multidisciplinary team. The subject is a 17-day-old male patient, with ankyloglossia and suction problems during breastfeeding (pain in the breastfeeding mother, poor weight gain, and long breastfeeds). The patient followed the circuit established in our centre between the services of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Breastfeeding and Speech Therapy and Orofacial Rehabilitation (CELERE). The evolution following the breastfeeding sessions, the myofunctional stimulation, and the lingual frenotomy was very favourable, thereby solving the suction problems that the newborn presented. All our patients receive breastfeeding sessions and myofunctional therapy as treatment. We know that a frenotomy is not always necessary and we believe that the stimulation of sucking before and after the surgical intervention is important in order to improve the final result.


2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy J. Scherer ◽  

This paper describes the outcome of the 2013 American Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Association Task Force entitled “Speech Therapy Where There Are No Speech Therapists.” The membership and goals of the initial task force are presented. Survey methods, communication of the members, and meeting discussion of the task force at the 12th International Congress for Craniofacial Anomalies in Orlando, Florida, in May 2013 are described. Conclusions of the task force and recommendations for the future comprised four areas: organization and communication, protocols, service delivery models, and development of training programs/modules in speech-language pathology for craniofacial conditions.


Author(s):  
Madara Šķirmante

The title of the master’s work is „Vocabulary expansion and word comprehension formation to the first grade children with insufficient development of the language system for acquiring the mathematics”. The aim of the master’s work is to analyze theory and to gather methods of vocabulary expansion and word comprehension formation to children with insufficient development of the language system and to test usefulness of methodological material made by master’s work author. The master’s work contains the theory of development and characteristics of the first grade children with insufficient development of the language system, there are methods of vocabulary expansion described and there are words that are indispensable for acquiring the mathematics detected in master’s work. The master’s work also contains methodological material for vocabulary expansion and word comprehension formation to the first grade children with insufficient development of the language system for acquiring the mathematics made by master’s work author. There was proved usefulness of methodological material made by author by making pedagogical work. Material can be used by speech therapists at speech therapy classes and teacher of mathematics at lessons of math, in the second chapter of master’s work. The master’s work consists of 157 pages, 25 pictures, 7 tables, 73 information sources, 1 appendix.


1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 610-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Harris ◽  
Coral Richards

AbstractThe study reviewed the case histories of 14 young aphonies. A questionnaire was completed by the five speech therapists involved with these cases. The patients were all initially examined by E.N.T. specialists and then treated by speech therapy. All the patients were ‘cured’ by speech therapy, that is the voice returned to its premorbid state. This study looks at common characteristics of presentation, different approaches to management, and the patterns of voice return.


Author(s):  
Otabek Bozorov ◽  

A high-level professional can be considered a speech therapist who knows the norm! speech therapy correctional pedagogical activity, changes and develops his personality in the process of professional activity, the specificity of which is its multidisciplinary nature: a speech therapist works at the intersection of pedagogy, medicine, speech therapy, psychology and other scientific areas.


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