Anthelmintic evaluation of Cucurbita pepo againstgastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambalathaduvar Meenakshisundaram ◽  
Tirunelveli Jayagopal Harikrishnan ◽  
Thavasi Anna
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Migration Inhibition ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Larval Migration ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

The study was aimed at to investigate the anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cucurbita pepo against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep by scientifically validated in vitro and in vivo tests. In vitro anthelmintic activity was determined by egg hatch assay, larval migration inhibition assay and larval development assay against eggs and larvae of mixed gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. The extracts which were found to be effective in in vitro assays were further evaluated by in vivo faecal egg count reduction test against mixed species of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes with 3 different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg kg-1). Haematological and serum parameters were estimated before and after treatment to determine the impact of plant extracts on health of the animal. Aqueous extract of C. pepo demonstrated significant inhibition of egg hatch at 40 and 80 mg/ml. The ED50 value of egg hatch inhibition was 3.51mg/ml. In larval migration inhibition assay, both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. pepo demonstrated inhibition of larval migration and the LM50 was 1.75 and 0.32 mg/ml respectively. However, in larval development assay, both aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed only marginal inhibition of larval development at all concentrations tested. In faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), aqueous extracts of C. pepo at 500 mg/kg caused significant reduction in eggs per gram (96.61 per cent) the reduction being higher than the result obtained with albendazole, the positive control (93.25 per cent). There was a significant difference in EPG reduction between sheep treated with albendazole and C. pepo. Haematological and serum parameters were not affected in both the treated and untreated sheep indicating that the extracts did not cause toxic effects. Based on the results obtained in this study, the aqueous extract of C. pepo possesses anthelmintic activity and could offer an alternative source for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep.

scholarly journals In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Two Aloe-derived Active Principles against Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701201
Author(s):  
Gianluca Fichi ◽  
Matteo Mattellini ◽  
Elisa Meloni ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
Stefania Perrucci
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Aloe Emodin

The in vitro anthelmintic activity on sheep gastrointestinal strongyle (GIS) eggs and larvae of 0.5% aloin and 0.1% aloe-emodin was investigated. From fresh faecal samples collected by ewes naturally infected by Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Teladorsagia nematodes, GIS eggs were isolated and cultivated in Petri dishes (100 eggs/dish). For the in vitro evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of tested compounds, the Egg hatch test (EHT), the Larval development test (LDT) and the Larval mortality/paralysis test (LMT) were used. In each assay, the activity of tested compounds was compared to untreated and treated (0.1% thiabendazole, TBZ) controls. Six repetitions were made through the experiment. Obtained data were statistically elaborated using the X2 test. In EHT, 0.5% aloin gave highly significantly different (P<0.01) results from the untreated controls. In LDT, both 0.1% aloe-emodin and 0.5% aloin almost completely prevented the larval development from L1 to L3, showing no significant differences (P<0.01) when compared to TBZ. In LMT, larval mortality observed in 0.5% aloin treated plates was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that observed in TBZ treated controls. These results show the in vitro anthelmintic properties on sheep GIS of the examined plant secondary metabolites. In LDT and/or LMT, the activity of 0.5% aloin and 0.1% aloe-emodin was comparable to or higher than that of the reference drug.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos ◽  
Luiz da Silva Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Egg Hatching

Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg-1, for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.

scholarly journals Comparative anthelmintic efficacy of Arundo donax, Areca catechu, and Ferula assa-foetida against Haemonchus contortus

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Nadeem Badar ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Sajid ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Muhammad Shareef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Better Than

Abstract In the present study, anthelmintic activities of Arundo (A.) donax L., Areca (Ar.) catechu L., and Ferula (F.) assa-foetida L. were determined. Leaves of A. donax L., latex of F. assa-foetida L. and seeds of Ar. catechu L. in different solvent fractions were subjected to in vitro (egg hatch assay; EHA, and adult motility assay; AMA) and in vivo (faecal egg count reduction test; FECRT) tests of anthelmintic activity using Haemonchus contortus model. In the AMA, crude aqueous methanol extracts (CAME) and ethyl acetate fractions of F. assa-foetida at 10 hr post-treatment showed maximum mortality of H. contortus at 12.5-50 mg mL-1. In the EHA, CAME of F. assa-foetida was identified as a potent ovicide based on its low LC50 (16.9 µg mL-1), followed in order by Ar. catechu and A. donax. Results from the FECRT also showed the extract of F. assa-foetida L. to be more effective than those of Ar. catechu L. and A. donax L., against the gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed better anthelmintic activities against the adult worms in vitro, while CAME of these plants were better than their crude powders in vivo. It is recommended to document and investigate indigenous knowledge of possible medicinal plants to plan scientific trials that may justify their endorsement.

scholarly journals Leaves of Mauritia flexuosa L. f. (Arecaceae) is effective in vitro and in vivo in the control of Haemonchus contortus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e276101220493
Author(s):  
Matheus Ferreira Inácio ◽  
Franciellen Morais-Costa ◽  
Otávio Cardoso Filho ◽  
Isabela Parolis Martins ◽  
Valdo Soares Martins Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Clinical Changes

In this study we evaluated the potential of Mauritia flexuosa leaves in the egg hatching and larval development inhibition and for reduction of egg count of this nematode in sheep feces. The leaves of this palm were collected and dehydrated for the production of aqueous and ethanolic extracts with and without tannins. Gas chromatography analysis indicated the presence of fifteen and ten major compounds in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively, and both showed catechin peaks. The total of condensed tannins for leaves of Mauritia flexuosa was 33.23% ± 2. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed 100% anthelmintic activity to inhibit hatchability at 75 mg/ml. The inhibitory concentrations LC90 for aqueous and ethanolic extracts were, respectively, 21.8 and 8.5 mg/ml. The dehydrated leaves powder of M. flexuosa at ≥ 152.08 mg / g of coproculture presented efficiencies greater than 80% for inhibition of larval development. The in vivo administration of aqueous extract at 62.1 mg/kg PC promoted anti-helminthic efficacy of 54.57% and, after 14 days, no clinical signs of toxicity and clinical changes were observed in the treated lambs, indicating potential of this extract for the control alternative of haemonchosis.

Anthelmintic efficacy ofAchillea millifoliumagainst gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep:in vitroandin vivostudies

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Tariq ◽  
M.Z. Chishti ◽  
F. Ahmad ◽  
A.S. Shawl
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Motility Inhibition

AbstractAchillea millifoliumLinn., commonly called ‘Pehl-ghasa’, is used by farmers in traditional animal health care as a vermifuge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of crude aqueous extracts and crude ethanolic extracts of entireA. millifoliumagainst the gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. The worm motility inhibition assay was used forin vitrostudies and faecal egg count reduction assay was used forin vivostudies.In vitrostudies revealed significant anthelmintic effects of aqueous extracts and ethanolic extracts on liveHaemonchus contortusworms (P < 0.05) as evident from their paralysis and/or death at 8 h post exposure. Aqueous extracts ofA. millifoliumresulted in a mean worm motility inhibition of 94.44%, while ethanolic extracts resulted in mean worm motility inhibition of 88.88%. The mean mortality index of aqueous extracts was 0.95 while for ethanolic extracts it was 0.9. The lethal concentration 50 was 0.05 mg ml− 1for aqueous extracts and 0.11 mg ml− 1for ethanolic extracts. Thein vivoanthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts ofA. millifoliumdemonstrated a maximum (88.40%) nematode egg count reduction in sheep treated with aqueous extracts at 2 g kg− 1body weight on day 15 after treatment. Ethanolic extracts resulted in a maximum of 76.53% reduction in faecal egg counts on day 15 after treatment with 2 g kg− 1body weight. Thus, the aqueous extracts exhibited greater anthelmintic activity under bothin vitroandin vivoconditions, and could be due to the presence of water-soluble active principle/s inA. millifolium. It is concluded that the entire plant ofA. millifoliumpossesses significant anthelmintic activity and could be a potential alternative for treating cases of helminth infections in ruminants.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Four Plant-Derived Compounds against Sheep Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Giovanelli ◽  
Matteo Mattellini ◽  
Gianluca Fichi ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
Stefania Perrucci
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Larval Development Test

By using the egg hatch test (EHT), the larval development test (LDT) and the larval mortality/paralysis test (LMT), the in vitro anthelmintic activity on sheep gastrointestinal strongyles (GIS) of four plant-derived pure compounds, mangiferin (at 0.25%, 0.125% and 0.0625%), rutin (at 1%, 0.75%, 0.5%), quercetin (at 1%), and β-sitosterol (at 1%, 0.75%, 0.5%), was investigated. For comparison, untreated and treated (0.1% thiabendazole, 0.1% TBZ) controls were used. Six repetitions were made throughout the experiment. Data were statistically elaborated using the χ2 test. The concentration able to inhibit the development of the 50% of L1s to L3s and causing the mortality of the 50% of L3s (EC50) was also calculated. L3s recovered from untreated Petri dishes were identified at the genus level. In EHT, all tested compounds at all concentrations significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited the hatch of the eggs when compared to the untreated controls, but none of them was as effective as 0.1% TBZ. In LDT, rutin (at 1%, 0.75% and 0.5%), mangiferin (at 0.25% and 0.125%), β-sitosterol (at 1%) and 0.1% TBZ completely prevented the larval development from L1 to L3 in respect to the untreated controls (p < 0.01). In LMT, all tested compounds significantly (p < 0.01) increased the death of L3s compared to the untreated controls, except for β-sitosterol at 0.5%. However, only rutin at all concentrations and 0.25% and 0.125% mangiferin were as effective as 0.1% TBZ. Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Chabertia and Teladorsagia/Ostertagia GIS genera, were identified.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic effect of thymol and thymol acetate on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and their toxicity in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibson Paz Pinheiro André ◽  
Géssica Soares Cavalcante ◽  
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽  
Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

Abstract Thymol is a monoterpene and acetylation form of this compound can reduce the toxicity and enhance its biological effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of thymol and thymol acetate (TA) on egg, larva and adult Haemonchus contortus and the cuticular changes, acute toxicity in mice and the efficacy on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. In vitro tests results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by comparison with Tukey test or Bonferroni. The efficacy of in vivo test was calculated by the BootStreet program. In the egg hatch test (EHT), thymol (0.5 mg/mL) and TA (4 mg/mL) inhibited larval hatching by 98% and 67.1%, respectively. Thymol and TA (8 mg/mL) inhibited 100% of larval development. Thymol and TA (800 µg/mL) reduced the motility of adult worms, by 100% and 83.4%, respectively. Thymol caused cuticular changes in adult worm teguments. In the acute toxicity test, the LD50 of thymol and TA were 1,350.9 mg/kg and 4,144.4 mg/kg, respectively. Thymol and TA reduced sheep egg count per gram of faeces (epg) by 59.8% and 76.2%, respectively. In in vitro tests thymol presented better anthelmintic activity than TA. However TA was less toxic and in in vivo test efficacy was similar.

scholarly journals Benzimidazoles Pharmacodynamics in Equine Strongyles

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Laura Catana ◽  
Csongor Olah ◽  
Raul Catana ◽  
Mihai Cernea
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Comparative Risk

Our research aimed to assess the effectiveness of four benzimidazoles: albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and thiabendazole against equine strongyles. The tests were performed between March 2015 and May 2016, on samples collected from 20 horses and 8 donkeys living in Harghita County. In vivo, Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was used to evaluate fenbendazole pharmacodynamics. In vitro, Egg hatch assay (EHA) and Larval development assay (LDA) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and thiabendazole. The predominance of small strongyle species was observed, mostly Cyathostomum type A. In the horse group, before treatment, the average intensity was 1595.5 EPG, the maximum value being 4000, and extensivity 55%. Tested again at 14 days after treatment, all samples were negative. In the donkey group, before treatment, the total number was 6550 EPG, intensity of 935.7 and extensivity of 87.5%. 14 days after treatment, the average intensity was 150 and the extensivity 50%. In the horse group, EHA proved the efficacy of fenbendazole (0.0192%), albendazole (0.3740%) and thiabendazole (11.62%) and a major risk of inducing adaptive phenomena for mebendazole (Y parameter 1009.92). In the donkey group, all benzimidazoles had limited effectiveness: thiabendazole (73.93%), mebendazole (87.51%), fenbendazole (94.05%), albendazole (111.67%). All benzimidazoles inhibited larval development. For all tested benzimidazoles, the resistance induction predictive comparative risk analysis highlighted the benefit of their use, provided that the treatment protocol allows sufficient contact time.

Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of Iris hookeriana against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Tariq ◽  
M.Z. Chishti ◽  
F. Ahmad ◽  
A.S. Shawl ◽  
M.A. Tantray
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Motility Inhibition

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of Iris hookeriana Linn. rhizome against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. A worm motility inhibition assay was used for in vitro study and a faecal egg count reduction assay was used for an in vivo study. The in vitro study revealed anthelmintic effects of crude aqueous extracts and crude ethanolic extracts on live Trichuris ovis worms (P ≤ 0.05) as evident from their paralysis and/or death at 8 h after exposure. The aqueous extracts of I. hookeriana resulted in a mean worm motility inhibition of 54.0%, while ethanolic extracts resulted in a mean worm motility inhibition of 84.6%. The mean mortality index of aqueous extracts was 0.55, while for ethanolic extracts it was 0.85. The lethal concentration 50 for aqueous extracts was 0.45 mg ml− 1 and for ethanolic extracts it was 0.15 mg ml− 1. The in vivo anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of I. hookeriana in sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes demonstrated a maximum (45.62%) egg count reduction in sheep treated with ethanolic extracts at 2 g kg− 1 body weight on day 10 after treatment, closely followed by ethanolic extracts at 1 g kg− 1 body weight on day 10 after treatment (43.54% egg count reduction). The aqueous extracts resulted in a maximum of 31.53% reduction in faecal egg counts on day 10 after treatment with 1 g kg− 1 body weight. Thus ethanolic extracts exhibited greater anthelmintic activity under both in vitro and in vivo conditions; this could be due to the presence of alcohol-soluble active ingredients in I. hookeriana. From the present study it can be suggested that I. hookeriana rhizome exhibited significant anthelmintic activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and has the potential to contribute to the control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of small ruminants.

Efficacy of the cyclooctadepsipeptide PF1022A againstHeligmosomoides bakeri in vitroandin vivo

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
pp. 1193-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
UZOMA NWOSU ◽  
MIREILLE VARGAS ◽  
ACHIM HARDER ◽  
JENNIFER KEISER
Keyword(s):  
Worm Burden ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Nematocidal Activity ◽  
Heligmosomoides Bakeri

SUMMARYThe cyclooctadepsipeptide PF1022A derived from the fungus,Mycelia sterilia, is characterized by a broad spectrum of activity against different parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock. In the present work the anthelmintic activity of PF1022A againstHeligmosomoides bakeri, a widely used laboratory model was studied. Albendazole, ivermectin and levamisole served as reference.In vitro, PF1022A showed low activity on embryonation but significantly inhibited egg hatch (10 and 100μg/ml), whereas albendazole (10 and 100μg/ml) revealed statistically significant inhibitions of both embryonation and egg hatch. PF1022A (1–100μg/ml) completely inhibited larval movement at most examination points. Comparable significant anthelmintic activity on the larval stages ofH. bakeriwas observed with levamisole (48–100%), while slightly lower activities were observed with ivermectin (20–92%) and albendazole (0–87%) at 1–100μg/ml. PF1022A and levamisole significantly inhibited motility and egg release of adult worms, while albendazole and ivermectin failed to demonstrate activity. Significant worm burden reductions were achieved with PF1022A, levamisole and ivermectinin vivo. For example, at 0·125 mg/kg PF1022A a worm burden reduction of 91·8% was observed. The use of drug combinations did not further enhance thein vitroandin vivoactivity of PF1022A. In conclusion, further investigations are warranted with PF1022A, as the drug is characterized by significant larvicidal and nematocidal activityin vitroandin vivo.

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