Optimizing the Application Time of Pre-emergence Herbicide Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen Application for Effective Weed Management in Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) and Its Residue Persistence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvakumar ◽  
R. Ajaykumar ◽  
A. Ammaiyappan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

Background: Time of pre-emergence herbicide application is an important factor that decides the efficiency of herbicide. If the pre-emergence herbicide is not applied at appropriate time, it may cause ineffective weed control or toxicity to crops. With this background, a field experiment was conducted at TNAU, Madurai to optimize the time of pre-emergence herbicides namely pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen application for effective weed management in irrigated blackgram. Methods: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication. Treatments were application of pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1 and oxyfluorfen at 0.2 kg ha-1 on 1, 2, 3, 4 days after sowing, weed free check and unweeded check. Result: Results of the study revealed that oxyfluorfen gave maximum weed control efficiency as compared to pendimethalin, but toxicity to the crop was observed when oxyfluorfen was sprayed after 2 days of sowing. Yield and economics were achieved higher with application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS, which was on par with application of 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS due to lesser toxicity. Application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen didn’t leave any herbicide residue after harvest. Hence, application of 0.75 kg ha-1 of pendimethalin at 2 DAS and 0.2 kg ha-1 of oxyfluorfen at 1 DAS can be recommended for effective weed management in irrigated balckgram.

scholarly journals Weed dynamics, weed control efficiency and yield of aerobic rice as influenced by different weed management practices in eastern U.P.

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735-1740
Author(s):  
R.K. Parihar ◽  
◽  
V.K. Srivastava ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
V. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Broad Leaf

Aim: To identify the best sequence of pre- and post-emergence herbicides for achieving better weed control efficiency in aerobic rice. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with eleven treatment combinations, replicated thrice.? The dominant weeds in field were C. dactylon, E. colona and E. crusgalli among grasses, C. rotundus, C. difformis and F. maliaceae among sedges and C. axillaris and P. niruri among broad-leaf weeds. Treatments consisting sequential application of two pre-emergence application [Pendimethalin (30 EC) @ 1.00 kg a.i. ha-1; Butachlor (50 EC) @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1] followed by three post emergence herbicides [Bispyribac-Na (10% SC) @ 35 g a.i. ha-1; 2, 4-D Na salt (80 WP) @ 0.06 kg a.i. ha-1; Almix (CME + MSM ) (20 WP) @ 40 g a.i. ha-1] and straw mulching @ 4 t ha-1;? Mechanical weeding at 20 and 45 DAS, weed free and unweeded check.? Results: Among herbicidal treatments, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 3-4 DAS fb Bispyribac-Na at 15-20 DAS as post-emergence was most effective in minimizing weed density (4.81 m-2), biomass (6.20 g m-2), weed index (1.11%) and in enhancing the weed control efficiency (84.50%), grain yield (3.68 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.87 t ha-1) over rest of the treatments. Interpretation: Sequential application of pendimethalin at 3-4 DAS fb bispyribac-Na at 15-20 DAS is prominent in enhancing herbicide efficacy and reducing weed flora abundance resulting in higher weed control efficiency and grain yield due to their broad spectrum weed control.

scholarly journals Optimization of Spray Fluid for Herbicide Application for Drones in Irrigated Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
C. Supriya ◽  
P. MuraliArthanari ◽  
R. Kumaraperumal ◽  
A. P. Sivamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Recommended Dosage ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency

A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design to screen the optimum spray fluid of herbicide application for drone based on visual toxicity and weed control efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.) during the summer season (March 2021) at eastern block farms of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Three herbicide treatments namely Atrazine, Tembotrione and 2, 4-D with recommended dosages, 75% and 125% as pre-emergence herbicides applied on 3 days after, early post-emergence herbicides applied on 15 days after sowing and post-emergence applied on 25 days after sowing respectively. Totally thirty treatments with different spray fluids such as 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, 80, 60, 40, 30 L ha-1 and 20 L ha-1 were replicated three times. The study revealed that T5- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 100 L of water ha-1),T6- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione–post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 80 L of water ha-1), T7- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 60 L of water ha-1) and T8- Recommended dosage of pre emergence Atrazine – early post emergence Tembotrione – post emergence 2, 4-D (spray fluid 40 L of water ha-1) produced the best results with respect to phytotoxicity and weed control efficiency. Based on the results it was concluded that the application of spray fluid 80 L ha-1 was optimum for herbicide application through drones with recommended dosage pre emergence Atrazine 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 3 days after sowing – early post emergence Tembotrione 120 g a.i ha-1 on 15-20 days after sowing - post emergence 2, 4-D 1 kg a.i ha-1 on 30 - 35 days after sowing.

scholarly journals Evaluación de herbicidas graminicidas para el combate de gamalote (Paspalumfasciculatum Wild.) en palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis).

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Fernández ◽  
R. A. Ortíz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Herbicide Transport

Bullgrass (Paspalum fasciculatum wild.) is one of the most prevalent weeds in the oil palm crop. The objective of the experiment was to compare its control with five herbicides. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the herbicides haloxyfop-methyl (Galant 240 y Galant 75), fenoxaprop-pmethyl (Excel) and fluazifop-butyl (Fusilade II) at the rates of 50, 75, and 100 g ai/ha-1 and glyphosate (Round up) at the rate of 960 g ai/ha-1 during the first experiment; Galant 240, Galant 75 and Fusilade II at 100 g ai/ha-1 during the second experiment; Galant 240, Fusilade II at the rates of 75 and 100 g ai/ha-1 and glyphosate at 960 g ai/ha-1 during the third trial. A Completely Randomized Block design with four replications was used. Galant 240, Galant 75, and Fusilade II showed the best results as measured by weight of fresh weed, number of affected nodes (herbicide transport), and weed control efficiency percentage. Galant 240 at 100 g ai/ ha-1 was the most profitable option.

Effect of weed management and fertility levels on productivity of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)Taub]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clusterbean . ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Imazethapyr . ◽  
Pendimethalin . ◽  
Weed Management
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Hand Weeding

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Udaipur (Rajasthan) to find out the effect of weed management on productivity of clusterbean under varying fertility levels. The results revealed that among various weed management practices, two hand weeding 20 and 40 DAS recorded significantly lower weed dry matter, higher weed control efficiency, higher values of yield attributes, seed, haulm and biological yield during both the years over rest of the treatments except sequential application of pendimethalin fb imazethapyr which was statistically at par. Further, application of Imazethapyr fb hand weeding and pendimethalin fb hand weeding also gave comaparable results with pendimethalin fb imazethapyr in terms of weed control efficiency and yields. Among the fertility levels application 20 Kg N + 40 Kg P2O5 ha-1 significantly increased pods plant-1 (24.04), seeds pod-1, (7.12), test weight ( 25.33 g), seed ( 1035 kg ha-1), haulm (2161 kg ha-1) and biological (3196 kg ha-1 ) yield and harvest index ( 31.98 %) of clusterbean over 10 Kg N + 20 Kg P2O5 ha-1 however, it was found statistically at par with fertility level 30 Kg N + 60 Kg P2O5 ha-1. Therefore, clusterbean should be fertilized with 20 Kg N + 40 Kg P2O5 ha-1 and weeds must be controlled with pendimethalin (PE) fb imazethapyr 0.1 kg ha-1 20 DAS .

scholarly journals Effects of weed management and plant arrangements on yield index of sweet sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Matias Reis ◽  
Matheus Souza Freitas ◽  
Daniel Valadão Silva ◽  
Gustavo Antônio Mendes Pereira ◽  
Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Control

Sweet sorghum is currently an important alternative for ethanol production in sugar cane off-season. In this study was to evaluate the effects of plant arrangements and the application of atrazine and S-metolachlor on growth and productivity of sweet sorghum. An experiment was conducted in randomized block design and, arranged in split plots with four repetitions. Plots consisted of spacing (0.25 m, 0.45 m 0.45-0.45-0.90 m) and sub-plots of weed control methods - atrazine (2000 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 720 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 960 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 1200 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 1440 g ha-1). Besides that, manual hoeing control was added. The intoxication of sorghum plants and weed control was evaluated at 7, 14 e 28 days after herbicides application (DAA). Plant height, stem diameter, total fresh matter, juice mass and total soluble solids (°Brix) were evaluated at 120 days after crop emergence (DAE).  There was no interaction between the factors spacings and control method for variables total matter fresh (TMF), height (H), stem diameter (D), juice mass (JM), and Brix. Application of the mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) in the highest doses reduced total fresh matter and °Brix. The spacing of 0.25 m provided the highest productivity of fresh matter, juice mass and increased the °Brix. The application of mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) controlled 90% of the weeds at 28 days after application. The increasing in doses of S-metolachlor elevates the intoxication in sorghum plants. The mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) has a potential for use in weed control in sweet sorghum, but at doses below 960 g ha-1 of S-metolachlor. metolachlor.

scholarly journals Chemical weed management in Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-667
Author(s):  
S. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Level Of Significance

Field experiments were conducted for three years at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India during rabi 2008, 2009 and 2010 to develop an efficient chemical weed management practice with newer herbicidal molecules in yellow sarson. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications having eleven treatments. Experimental results revealed that highest seed yield (1456 kg ha-1) was recorded under the treatment twice hand weeding and lowest with weedy check (910 kg ha-1). Twice hand weeding recorded 60% higher seed yield over weedy check. Application of chemical herbicides significantly improved the seed yield over W0 at 5% level of significance.. Among the chemical weed control measures, application of Pendimathalin @ 1 kg a.i./ha (PE) recorded highest seed yield (1320 kg ha-1) of yellow sarson, which was found at par with application of Pendimathalin @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha (PE), Fluchloralin @ 1.5 kg a.i/ha (PPI) and Clodinafop @ 0.06 kg a.i./ha ( 25-30 DAS). Chemical weed management practices increased the seed yield of yellow sarson by 25.3 to 45.1% over weedy check. Highest weed control efficiency (86.4%) was recorded with hand weeding twice. Significant reduction in the total weed density and total weed dry weight were found with the application of chemical herbicides at 5% level of significance. Among the chemical herbicides Pendimathalin @ 1 kg a.i./ha (PE) recorded highest weed control efficiency (81.7%). Chemical weed control measures increased the total microbial population by 26.5 to 89.4% over weedy check and 6.6 to 59.6% over twice hand weeding and thus proved to be environmentally safe and economic for managing weeds in yellow sarson.

scholarly journals Integration of Agronomic Practices with Herbicides for Sustainable Weed Management in Aerobic Rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Anwar ◽  
A. S. Juraimi ◽  
M. T. M. Mohamed ◽  
M. K. Uddin ◽  
B. Samedani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
View Point ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Manual Weeding ◽  
Aerobic Soil

Till now, herbicide seems to be a cost effective tool from an agronomic view point to control weeds. But long term efficacy and sustainability issues are the driving forces behind the reconsideration of herbicide dependent weed management strategy in rice. This demands reappearance of physical and cultural management options combined with judicious herbicide application in a more comprehensive and integrated way. Keeping those in mind, some agronomic tools along with different manual weeding and herbicides combinations were evaluated for their weed control efficacy in rice under aerobic soil conditions. Combination of competitive variety, higher seeding rate, and seed priming resulted in more competitive cropping system in favor of rice, which was reflected in lower weed pressure, higher weed control efficiency, and better yield. Most of the herbicides exhibited excellent weed control efficiency. Treatments comprising only herbicides required less cost involvement but produced higher net benefit. On the contrary, treatments comprising both herbicide and manual weeding required high cost involvement and thus produced lower net benefit. Therefore, adoption of competitive rice variety, higher seed rate, and seed priming along with spraying different early-postemergence herbicides in rotation at 10 days after seeding (DAS) followed by a manual weeding at 30 DAS may be recommended from sustainability view point.

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