Effects of Shoulder Abduction in Opposite Directions on EMG Activity in the Abdominal Muscles during Single Leg Raising in the Supine Position on the Foam Roller in Healthy Subjects

In the present study, we assessed the reproducibility and responsiveness of transcutaneous electromyography (EMG) of the respiratory muscles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy subjects during breathing against an inspiratory load. In seven healthy subjects and seven COPD patients, EMG signals of the frontal and dorsal diaphragm, intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, and scalene muscles were derived on 2 different days, both during breathing at rest and during breathing through an inspiratory threshold device of 7, 14, and 21 cmH2O. For analysis, we used the logarithm of the ratio of the inspiratory activity during the subsequent loads and the activity at baseline [log EMG activity ratio (EMGAR)]. Reproducibility of the EMG was assessed by comparing the log EMGAR values measured at test days 1 and 2 in both groups. Responsiveness (sensitivity to change) of the EMG was assessed by comparing the log EMGAR values of the COPD patients to those of the healthy subjects at each load. During days 1 and 2, log EMGAR values of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles correlated significantly. For the scalene muscles, significant correlations were found for the COPD patients. Although inspiratory muscle activity increased significantly during the subsequent loads in all participants, the COPD patients displayed a significantly greater increase in intercostal and left scalene muscle activity compared with the healthy subjects. In conclusion, the present study showed that the EMG technique is a reproducible and sensitive technique to assess breathing patterns in COPD patients and healthy subjects.

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Effect of Shoulder Abduction Angles on EMG Activity of the Abdominal Muscles during Single Leg Holding on the Foam Roller

The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy ◽

10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.4.228 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 228-232

Author(s):

Sung joon Yun ◽

Jun hee Kim

Keyword(s):

Emg Activity ◽

Shoulder Abduction ◽

Abdominal Muscles

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Electromyographic activity to keep a lower limb in a raised position in healthy subjects and subjects with multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458507087841 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 691-693

Author(s):

R Gatti ◽

M Corti ◽

S Govetto ◽

K Bonzani ◽

S Boccardi

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Supine Position ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Abdominal Muscles ◽

Electromyographic Activity ◽

Hip Kinematics ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right

The objective of this work was to assess the activation of the stabilization muscles used to keep one lower limb raised from a supine position, in healthy subjects and in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS) in two different conditions. The test required subjects to keep the right lower limb at 45° from the supine position on a horizontal bed plane, with the knee extended. The position was reached in two ways: by raising the right limb (A), and by resting the left lower limb on the bed after both limbs had been raised (B). During the test, pelvis and hip kinematics and the surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity were acquired. Fourteen healthy subjects and 14 subjects with multiple sclerosis were included in the study. Results showed that in the A condition, healthy subjects had a greater activation of the biceps femoris than the abdominal muscles, while in the B condition the difference between the two muscles decreased. In the MS group there was no difference in muscular activation for the two conditions. The data show that in the MS subjects there is an alteration of the stabilization muscles with regard the quality of the activation. Starting from these data new exercises of motor rehabilitation in subjects with multiple sclerosis could be recommended.

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Influence of submaximal isometric contractions of the hamstrings on electromyography activity and force while functioning as hip extensors

Isokinetics and Exercise Science ◽

10.3233/ies-204172 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Dasom Oh ◽

Wootaek Lim

Keyword(s):

Prone Position ◽

Supine Position ◽

Isometric Contraction ◽

Muscle Length ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Isometric Contractions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Extension Force ◽

Long Head

BACKGROUND: Although the medial and lateral hamstrings are clearly distinct anatomically and have different functions in the transverse plane, they are often considered as one muscle during rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity between the prone position and the supine position during maximal isometric contraction and to additionally confirm the effect of submaximal isometric contractions on EMG activity of medial and lateral hamstrings, and force. METHODS: In the prone position, EMG activities of the long head of biceps femoris (BFLH) and semitendinosus (ST) were measured during the maximal isometric contraction. In the supine position, hip extension force with EMG activity were measured during the maximal and the submaximal isometric contractions. RESULTS: EMG activity in the prone position was significantly decreased in the supine position. In the supine position, there was a significant difference between the BFLH and ST during the maximal isometric contraction, but not during the submaximal isometric contractions. CONCLUSIONS: The dependence on the hamstrings could be relatively lower during hip extensions. When the medial and lateral hamstrings are considered separately, the lateral hamstrings may show a more active response, with increased muscle length, in clinical practice.

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Abdominal Expansion versus Abdominal Drawing-In Strategy on Thickness and Electromyography of Lumbar Stabilizers in People with Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4487

Author(s):

Yi-Liang Kuo ◽

Chieh-Yu Kao ◽

Yi-Ju Tsai

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Abdominal Wall ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Abdominal Muscles ◽

Low Back ◽

Clinical Practices ◽

Lumbar Multifidus ◽

Lateral Abdominal Wall ◽

Lumbar Stabilization

The abdominal expansion (AE) strategy, involving eccentric contraction of the abdominal muscles, has been increasingly used in clinical practices; however, its effects have not been rigorously investigated. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of the AE versus abdominal drawing-in (AD) strategy on lumbar stabilization muscles in people with nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Thirty adults with nonspecific LBP performed the AE, AD, and natural breathing (NB) strategies in three different body positions. Ultrasonography and surface electromyography (EMG) were, respectively, used to measure the thickness and activity of the lumbar multifidus and lateral abdominal wall muscles. The AE and AD strategies showed similar effects, producing higher EMG activity in the lumbar multifidus and lateral abdominal wall muscles when compared with the NB strategy. All muscles showed higher EMG activity in the quiet and single leg standing positions than in the lying position. Although the AE and AD strategies had similar effects on the thickness change of the lumbar multifidus muscle, the results of thickness changes of the lateral abdominal muscles were relatively inconsistent. The AE strategy may be used as an alternative method to facilitate co-contraction of lumbar stabilization muscles and improve spinal stability in people with nonspecific LBP.

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Supine position decreases the ability of the nose to warm and humidify air

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.2001.91.6.2459 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 2459-2465 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Paraya Assanasen ◽

Fuad M. Baroody ◽

Edward Naureckas ◽

Julian Solway ◽

Robert M. Naclerio

Keyword(s):

Supine Position ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Upright Position ◽

Nasal Mask ◽

Total Water ◽

Nasal Turbinate ◽

Dry Air ◽

Air Volume ◽

Water Gradient

We tested the hypothesis that decreasing nasal air volume (i.e., increasing nasal turbinate blood volume) improves nasal air conditioning. We performed a randomized, two-way crossover study on the conditioning capacity of the nose in six healthy subjects in the supine and upright position. Cold, dry air (CDA) was delivered to the nose via a nasal mask, and the temperature and humidity of air were measured before it entered and after it exited the nasal cavity. The total water gradient (TWG) across the nose was calculated and represents the nasal conditioning capacity. Nasal volume decreased significantly from baseline without changing the mucosal temperature when subjects were placed in the supine position ( P < 0.01). TWG in supine position was significantly lower than that in upright position ( P < 0.001). In the supine position, nasal mucosal temperature after CDA exposure was significantly lower than that in upright position ( P < 0.01). Our data show that placing subjects in the supine position decreased the ability of the nose to condition CDA compared with the upright position, in contrast to our hypothesis.

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Electrical Activity from the Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor During Reflexive and Nonreflexive Tasks

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3204.749 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 749-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Adrienne L. Perlman ◽

Erich S. Luschei ◽

Charles E. Du Mond

Keyword(s):

Electrical Activity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

General Trend ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Electrode Placement ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Constrictor Muscle ◽

Natural Logarithm ◽

Quantitative Manner ◽

Normal Human

The purpose of this investigation was to determine, in a quantitative manner, which, if any, nonswallowing tasks produce significant levels of activation in the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle of normal human subjects. Bipolar hooked wire electrodes were inserted in the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle of 15 healthy subjects. Electrode placement was controlled. Each subject performed two reflexive tasks, six voluntary tasks requiring phonation, and four nonspeech voluntary tasks. The electromyogram (EMG) was rectified and integrated. The resulting number was then transformed by taking its natural logarithm. An ANOVA was performed and a linear model was estimated. The magnitude of the EMG activity was related to the location of the electrodes. The largest values were recorded in the lateral-superior placement, followed by the lateral-inferior, medial-inferior and medial-superior. The superior pharyngeal contrictor was found to be a muscle activated primarily during reflexive activity. There was a general trend in the amplitude of EMG activity in relationship to task. Swallowing produced the greatest amount of activity and a gag produced about 60% of the activity produced by the swallow. Two tasks, production of the work /hk/ in which the phoneme /k/ was stressed, and a "modified Valsalva," which was actually a hard /k/ held for several seconds, produced the next greatest level of EMG.

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639 Maximizing Safe Positioning of Upper Extremities after Axillary Burn Injuries to Prevent Contractures and Maintain Function

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab032.289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S175-S176

Author(s):

Connie Greiser ◽

David Lorello ◽

Dan Lyons ◽

Karen J Richey ◽

Derek Murray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Shoulder Abduction ◽

Shoulder Injury ◽

Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽

History Of ◽

The Right ◽

Shoulder Range

Abstract Introduction Burns crossing over a joint can result in a contracture of that joint. Axillary burns and subsequent contractures are common and may impact negatively on burn survivor rehabilitation. Positioning of burned extremities at the most lengthened position is ideal for maintenance of function and contracture prevention, 90 degrees of abduction is the most accepted position for axillary burn injuries. However, many activities of daily living require shoulder range of motion (ROM) greater than 90 degrees. The primary objective of this study was to describe and examine the incidence of paresthesia, pain, and intolerance in healthy subjects when the shoulder was placed in a position of 90 degrees or greater of shoulder abduction. Methods The subject’s nondominant upper extremity (NDE) was randomly placed in a series three of positions, including: (1) 90 degrees shoulder abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction with elbow extension, forearm neutral; (2) 130 degrees shoulder abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction, 30 degrees elbow flexion, forearm neutral; (3) 150 degrees shoulder abduction, 30 degrees horizontal adduction, 30 degrees elbow flexion, forearm neutral. Each position was maintained for a maximum of 2 hours. Subjects experiencing subjective symptoms including paresthesia lasting longer than 1 minute, pain rated greater than 3/10, and/or intolerance 2/5 was removed from the position. All subjects received at least 30 minutes of rest between positions. Results A total of 25 subjects were enrolled, mean age was 25.8 years, the majority were female (60%) and 20% had a history of NDE shoulder injury. The right arm was the dominant extremity (DE) in 88% of subjects. There were no significant differences in ROM between the DE and NDE extremity with the exception of external shoulder rotation, 94.96⁰ vs 84.8⁰ (p=.0142). Average total splint time was 136 minutes with a range of 40 – 360 minutes. Only 1 subject successfully completed all 3 splinting periods. There were 75 individual splinting events over the 3 splinting periods, and 90% of the time the splinting was stopped early. The most common reason for stopping early was paresthesia (88%) followed by pain (7%). Conclusions The positions selected represent the routine and usual care at our burn center. Patients are routinely positioned from hours to days depending on patient need. This study demonstrated that healthy subjects were unable to tolerate positioning for even two hours.

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Responses of the Densely Hemiplegic Upper Extremity to Bilateral Training

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair ◽

10.1177/154596830101500206 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 129-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

M. Heather Mudie ◽

Thomas A. Matyas

Keyword(s):

Upper Extremity ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Shoulder Abduction ◽

Training Methods ◽

Optimal Learning ◽

Stroke Treatment ◽

Learning Conditions ◽

Bilateral Training ◽

Brain Reorganization ◽

Extensor Carpi Radialis

Objective: Recovery of movement in the densely hemiplegic upper extremity re mains a problem after stroke. This study aimed to determine whether movement recovery could be improved in the hemiplegic arm with bilateral isokinematic training. Methods: Within and between groups, planned comparisons investigated the effects of bilateral training on attempts at two movements by subjects with acute and chronic problems with one and two bilateral practice phases. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of mid dle deltoid and extensor carpi radialis longus in the hemiplegic arm was recorded dur ing unilateral and bilateral isometric shoulder abduction and wrist extension. Results: Small increases in muscle activity were demonstrated by both experimental and con trol subjects during most bilateral practices in both actions. However, these increases were not significantly different from the previous unilateral trial, and the bilateral ef fect failed to generalize to subsequent trials. Previous studies with less densely hemiplegic subjects had demonstrated generalization of improvements in movement patterns with bilateral training to unimanual actions of the densely hemiplegic arm. Conclusions: Extensive lesions may limit brain reorganization and recover of dense hemiplegia after stroke. Nonetheless, on the basis of findings from other studies in which functional im provements occurred in both acute and chronic severely stroke-affected subjects, out come forecasting for the hemiplegic upper extremity should only eventuate after provi sion of practice under optimal learning conditions. Key Words: Bilateral isokinematic training—Dense hemiplegia—Stroke—Treatment outcomes.

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