scholarly journals Sustained carbon uptake and storage following moderate disturbance in a Great Lakes forest

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1202-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Gough ◽  
Brady S. Hardiman ◽  
Lucas E. Nave ◽  
Gil Bohrer ◽  
Kyle D. Maurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Moderate Disturbance ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Competing effects of nitrogen deposition and ozone exposure on Northern hemispheric terrestrial carbon uptake and storage, 1850–2099

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Franz ◽  
Sönke Zaehle
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Northern Hemispheric ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone and nitrogen deposition affect vegetation growth and thus the ability of the land biosphere to store carbon. However, the magnitude of this effect on the contemporary and future terrestrial carbon balance is insufficiently understood. Here, we apply an extended version of the O-CN terrestrial biosphere model that simulates the atmosphere to canopy transport of O3, its surface and stomatal uptake, as well as the ozone-induced leaf injury. We use this model to simulate past and future impacts of air pollution (ozone and nitrogen deposition) against a background of concurrent changes in climate and carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2) for two contrasting representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). The simulations show that O3-related damage considerably reduced Northern hemispheric gross primary production (GPP) and long-term carbon storage between 1850 and the 2010s. The ozone effect on GPP in the Northern hemisphere peaks at the end of the 20th century with reductions of 4 %, causing a reduction in the Northern hemispheric carbon sink of 0.4 Pg C yr−1. During the 21st century, ozone-induced reductions in GPP and carbon storage is projected to decline through a combination of air pollution control methods that reduce tropospheric O3 and the indirect effects of rising atmospheric CO2, which reduces stomatal uptake of ozone concurrent with increases of leaf-level water-use efficiency. However, in hotspot regions such as East Asia, the model simulations suggest a sustained decrease of GPP by more than 8 % during the 21st century. Regionally, ozone exposure reduces carbon storage at the end of the 21st century by up to 15 % in parts of Europe, the US and East Asia. These estimates are lower compared to previous studies, which partially results from the explicit representation of non-stomatal ozone destruction, which considerably reduces simulated ozone uptake by leaves and incurred injury. Our simulations suggest that ozone damage largely offsets the growth stimulating effect induced by nitrogen deposition in the Northern hemisphere until the 2050s. Thus, accounting for the stimulating effects of nitrogen deposition but omitting the detrimental effect of O3 might lead to an over estimation of carbon uptake and storage.

scholarly journals The response of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling under different aerosol-based radiation management geoengineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Lee ◽  
Helene Muri ◽  
Altug Ekici ◽  
Jerry Tjiputra ◽  
Jörg Schwinger
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Radiation Management ◽  
Global Vegetation ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Forest Biome

Abstract. Geoengineering has been discussed as a potential option to offset the global impacts of anthropogenic climate change, and at the same time help reach global temperature targets of the Paris Agreement. Before any implementation of geoengineering, however, the complex natural responses and consequences of such methods should be fully understood to avoid any unexpected and potentially degrading impacts. Here we assess the response of different terrestrial biomes in their ecosystem carbon exchange and storage storage under three different aerosol-based radiation management (RM) methods applied on top of the baseline RCP8.5 scenario using an Earth System Model (NorESM1-ME). All three methods used in this study (stratospheric aerosol injection, marine sky brightening, cirrus cloud thinning) target the global mean radiation balance at the top of the atmosphere to that of the RCP4.5 scenario. The three different RM methods investigated in this study exhibit vastly different precipitation patterns especially in the tropical forest biome due to the methodological differences in how the aerosols are applied. This resulted in large variability in global vegetation carbon uptake and storage across the three methods as tropical forest biome contribute the largest to global vegetation carbon uptake and storage. Our findings show that there are unforeseen regional consequences in the biogeochemical cycles under geoengineering and these consequences should be taken into account in future climate policies. Although, changes in temperature and precipitation play a large role in vegetation carbon uptake and storage, our results show that CO2 fertilization also plays a considerable role. We find that changes in vegetation carbon storage under geoengineering application was much smaller than what is exhibited under RCP4.5 scenario that uses climate mitigation efforts by afforestation in the tropics. Hence, it would be important to consider the multiple combined effects and responses of land biomes when applying different strategies to reach the global temperature targets of the Paris Agreement.

Biotechnology Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) by Mix-culture Green Microalgae to Enhancing Carbon Uptake Rate and Carbon Dioxide Removal Efficiency with Variation Aeration Rates in Closed System Photobioreactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astri Rinanti ◽  
Kania Dewi ◽  
Edwan Kardena ◽  
Dea Indriani Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Co2 Removal Efficiency ◽  
And Storage

Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration by green microalgae is receiving increased attention in alleviating the impact of increasing CO2 in the atmosphere. The goal of this study was to explore the capacity of mixed culture green microalgae Chlorella sp, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Ankistrodesmus sp. as carbon capture and storage agent to enhance CO2 uptake rate and CO2 removal efficiency which was observed at elevated CO2 aeration rates of 2, 5, and 8 L min-1 supplied to vertical photobioreactor continuously in batch system culture. The operation condition of this research were 6.5-7.5 pH, temperature of 300C, light intensity  of 4000 lux with 16 hours light period and 8 hours dark period, and high pure CO2 elevated level of 5 to 18 (concentration in %; v/v in the aeration gas) as inorganic carbon. The maximum CO2 removal efficiency of the mix culture was 59.80% when the biomass was obtained at 4.90 gL-1 and CO2 flow rate (Lmin-1) of 5 vvm in a vertical photobioreactor. The value of CO2 removal efficiency improved by almost 200% and 120% as compared to that in the low and high aeration rate (2 Lmin-1 and 8 Lmin-1) respectively. The CO2 up take rate of a mixed culture reach 979.62 mg carbon L-1day-1, which was enhancing by 3-fold in high aeration rate (8 Lmin-1). The results showed that the CO2 removal efficiency and carbon uptake rate was related to biomass concentration and aeration rate of CO2 supplied.

scholarly journals Twentieth-Century Oceanic Carbon Uptake and Storage in CESM1(BGC)*

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 6775-6800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Long ◽  
Keith Lindsay ◽  
Synte Peacock ◽  
J. Keith Moore ◽  
Scott C. Doney
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
The North ◽  
Ocean Carbon ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Ocean carbon uptake and storage simulated by the Community Earth System Model, version 1–Biogeochemistry [CESM1(BGC)], is described and compared to observations. Fully coupled and ocean-ice configurations are examined; both capture many aspects of the spatial structure and seasonality of surface carbon fields. Nearly ubiquitous negative biases in surface alkalinity result from the prescribed carbonate dissolution profile. The modeled sea–air CO2 fluxes match observationally based estimates over much of the ocean; significant deviations appear in the Southern Ocean. Surface ocean pCO2 is biased high in the subantarctic and low in the sea ice zone. Formation of the water masses dominating anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) uptake in the Southern Hemisphere is weak in the model, leading to significant negative biases in Cant and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) storage at intermediate depths. Column inventories of Cant appear too high, by contrast, in the North Atlantic. In spite of the positive bias, this marks an improvement over prior versions of the model, which underestimated North Atlantic uptake. The change in behavior is attributable to a new parameterization of density-driven overflows. CESM1(BGC) provides a relatively robust representation of the ocean–carbon cycle response to climate variability. Statistical metrics of modeled interannual variability in sea–air CO2 fluxes compare reasonably well to observationally based estimates. The carbon cycle response to key modes of climate variability is basically similar in the coupled and forced ocean-ice models; however, the two differ in regional detail and in the strength of teleconnections.

scholarly journals Competing effects of nitrogen deposition and ozone exposure on northern hemispheric terrestrial carbon uptake and storage, 1850–2099

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3219-3241
Author(s):  
Martina Franz ◽  
Sönke Zaehle
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Northern Hemispheric ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen deposition affect vegetation growth and, thereby, the ability of the land biosphere to take up and store carbon. However, the magnitude of these effects on the contemporary and future terrestrial carbon balance is insufficiently understood. Here, we apply an extended version of the O–CN terrestrial biosphere model that simulates the atmosphere to canopy transport of O3, its surface and stomatal uptake, the O3-induced leaf injury, and the coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles. We use this model to simulate past and future impacts of air pollution against a background of concurrent changes in climate and carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2) for two contrasting representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). The simulations show that O3-related damage considerably reduced northern hemispheric gross primary production (GPP) and long-term carbon storage between 1850 and the 2010s. The simulated O3 effect on GPP in the Northern Hemisphere peaked towards the end of the 20th century, with reductions of 4 %, causing a reduction in the northern hemispheric carbon sink of 0.4 Pg C yr−1. During the 21st century, O3-induced reductions in GPP and carbon storage are projected to decline, through a combination of direct air pollution control methods that reduce near-surface O3 and the indirect effects of rising atmospheric CO2, which reduces stomatal uptake of O3 concurrent with increases of leaf-level water use efficiency. However, in hot spot regions such as East Asia, the model simulations suggest a sustained decrease in GPP by more than 8 % throughout the 21st century. O3 exposure reduces projected carbon storage at the end of the 21st century by up to 15 % in parts of Europe, the US, and East Asia. Our simulations suggest that the stimulating effect of nitrogen deposition on regional GPP and carbon storage is lower in magnitude compared to the detrimental effect of O3 during most of the simulation period for both RCPs. In the second half of the 21st century, the detrimental effect of O3 on GPP is outweighed by nitrogen deposition, but the effect of nitrogen deposition on land carbon storage remains lower than the effect of O3. Accounting for the stimulating effects of nitrogen deposition but omitting the detrimental effect of O3 may lead to an overestimation of projected carbon uptake and storage.

scholarly journals The response of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling under different aerosol-based radiation management geoengineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-326
Author(s):  
Hanna Lee ◽  
Helene Muri ◽  
Altug Ekici ◽  
Jerry Tjiputra ◽  
Jörg Schwinger
Keyword(s):  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Global Temperature ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Radiation Management ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. Geoengineering has been discussed as a potential option to offset the global impacts of anthropogenic climate change and at the same time reach the global temperature targets of the Paris Agreement. Before any implementation of geoengineering, however, the complex natural responses and consequences of such methods should be fully understood to avoid any unexpected and potentially degrading impacts. Here we assess the changes in ecosystem carbon exchange and storage among different terrestrial biomes under three aerosol-based radiation management methods with the baseline of RCP8.5 using an Earth system model (NorESM1-ME). All three methods used in this study (stratospheric aerosol injection, marine sky brightening, cirrus cloud thinning) target the global mean radiation balance at the top of the atmosphere to reach that of the RCP4.5 scenario. The three radiation management (RM) methods investigated in this study show vastly different precipitation patterns, especially in the tropical forest biome. Precipitation differences from the three RM methods result in large variability in global vegetation carbon uptake and storage. Our findings show that there are unforeseen regional consequences under geoengineering, and these consequences should be taken into account in future climate policies as they have a substantial impact on terrestrial ecosystems. Although changes in temperature and precipitation play a large role in vegetation carbon uptake and storage, our results show that CO2 fertilization also plays a considerable role. We find that the effects of geoengineering on vegetation carbon storage are much smaller than the effects of mitigation under the RCP4.5 scenario (e.g., afforestation in the tropics). Our results emphasize the importance of considering multiple combined effects and responses of land biomes while achieving the global temperature targets of the Paris Agreement.

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