Examining the Correlates of Aggression Among Male and Female Vietnam Veterans

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey T. Taft ◽  
Candice M. Monson ◽  
Claire L. Hebenstreit ◽  
Daniel W. King ◽  
Lynda A. King
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
War Zone ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study examined the correlates of general aggression among a nationally representative sample of male and female Vietnam veterans (N = 1,632). Findings indicated that the rates of aggression for men and women were 41% and 32%, respectively, and men appeared to perpetrate relatively more acts of severe aggression. Correlates of aggression for men included lower socioeconomic status and age, minority status, unemployment, degree of exposure to the malevolent war-zone environment and perceived threat in the war zone, posttraumatic stress disorder, antisocial personality disorder, major depressive episode, alcohol abuse/dependence, and drug abuse/dependence. For women, only lower age and unemployment were associated with aggression. Findings highlight the importance of developing models for aggression among those experiencing military deployments.

scholarly journals The Effects of Retirement on Sense of Purpose in Life: Crisis or Opportunity?

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762110242
Author(s):  
Ayse Yemiscigil ◽  
Nattavudh Powdthavee ◽  
Ashley V. Whillans
Keyword(s):  
Purpose In Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Instrumental Variable Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
Retirement Incentives ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Nationally Representative

Does retirement lead to an existential crisis or present an opportunity to experience a renewed sense of purpose in life? Prior research has documented a negative association between retirement and sense of purpose in life, suggesting that retirement could lead people to feel aimless and lost. We revisited these findings using a quasiexperimental approach and identified the causal impact of retirement on purpose in life. In a nationally representative panel of American adults ( N = 8,113), we applied an instrumental-variable analysis to assess how Social Security retirement incentives in the United States drove differences in the likelihood of retirement. Results showed a sizable increase in purpose in life as an outcome of retirement. These improvements were driven by individuals with lower socioeconomic status who retired from dissatisfying jobs. The findings suggest that retirement may provide an opportunity to experience a renewed sense of purpose, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.

“I Am So Bored!”: Prevalence Rates and Sociodemographic and Contextual Correlates of High Boredom Among American Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan E. Martz ◽  
John E. Schulenberg ◽  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
Deborah D. Kloska
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Eighth Graders ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Contextual Associations ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Representative Samples

Adolescent boredom is associated with maladaptation and negative developmental outcomes, yet little is known about the prevalence and correlates of high boredom. Drawing from a broad psychosocial framework, the present study examined rates of high boredom and sociodemographic and contextual correlates among nationally representative samples of 8th and 10th graders ( N = 21,173; 51.8% female) from the Monitoring the Future survey. Results indicate that approximately 20% of adolescents reported high levels of boredom. Those who were more likely to report high boredom were eighth graders; females; youth who identified as Black, Biracial, or Native American/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; rural youth; and youth of lower socioeconomic status. Results of multivariable logistic regression analyses show significant associations between high boredom and many elements of school, parent, peer, and extracurricular contexts, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Findings highlight the pervasiveness of high boredom among American youth and may benefit prevention and intervention efforts by identifying multiple contextual associations with adolescent boredom.

scholarly journals The thick skin bias in judgments about people in poverty

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
NATHAN N. CHEEK ◽  
ELDAR SHAFIR
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Thick Skin ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Abstract We present a series of studies documenting what we call a ‘thick skin bias’ in people's perceptions of those living in poverty. Across a wide range of life events, from major to minor, people of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are systematically perceived as being less harmed by negative experiences than higher-SES people, even when this is patently false. In 18 studies, including a pre-registered survey of a nationally representative sample, we find that laypeople and professionals show the thick skin bias. We distinguish the bias from a tendency to dehumanize those in poverty and argue it cannot be attributed to the belief that the mere expectation that bad things will happen buffers people in poverty from suffering. The thick skin bias has potentially profound implications for the institutional and interpersonal neglect of those most in need of greater care and resources.

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